scholarly journals THE COCCIDIAN SPECIES PARASITIZING THE DOMESTIC GOAT IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
D. O. Alonge
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Faecal Sample ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Domestic Goat ◽  
Positive Form ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Coccidian Species

Nine fully recognized and described species of coccidia in goats and also one species not previously described are identified. Size shape, colour, sporulation time, morphology of unsporulated oocysts were the criteria for species identification 30 out of 36 faecal sample were positive form single or mixed infections with 3 samples being pure infections of single species. The unidentified species has a low occurrence and probably is not of importance in clinical coccidiosis in goats. The sporulation time for different species is found to be directly related to the size of the oocysts. As most species sporulate within 48 hours, daily removal of faecal materials form goat pens is recommended

scholarly journals Species Identification by Bayesian Fingerprinting: A Powerful Alternative to DNA Barcoding

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziheng Yang ◽  
Bruce Rannala
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Distance Threshold ◽  
Coalescent Model ◽  
Multispecies Coalescent ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison

A number of methods have been developed to use genetic sequence data to identify and delineate species. Some methods are based on heuristics, such as DNA barcoding which is based on a sequence-distance threshold, while others use Bayesian model comparison under the multispecies coalescent model. Here we use mathematical analysis and computer simulation to demonstrate large differences in statistical performance of species identification between DNA barcoding and Bayesian inference under the multispecies coalescent model as implemented in the bpp program. We show that a fixed genetic-distance threshold as used in DNA barcoding is problematic for delimiting species, even if the threshold is "optimized", because different species have different population sizes and different divergence times, and therefore display different amounts of intra-species versus inter-species variation. In contrast, bpp can reliably delimit species in such situations with only one locus and rarely supports a wrong assignment with high posterior probability. While under-sampling or rare specimens may pose problems for heuristic methods, bpp can delimit species with high power when multi-locus data are used, even if the species is represented by a single specimen. Finally we demonstrate that bpp may be powerful for delimiting cryptic species using specimens that are misidentified as a single species in the barcoding library.

Experimental concurrent infections with Strongyloides ratti and S. venezuelensis in laboratory rats

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guta Wertheim
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Concurrent Infections

The distribution of S. ratti and S. venezuelensis in the intestine of albino rats was studied in experiments with single species infections and in mixed infections.The majority of S. ratti were found in the anterior 20 cm of the intestine and in decreasing numbers in the remaining 60 cm. The larvae of S. ratti settled in the Lieberkühn crypts where they matured and laid eggs in convoluted tubes.The parasitic females of S. venezuelensis were concentrated in the anterior 15 cm of the intestine, with over 50 % in the anterior 5 cm, and a few worms 20–25 cm posterior to the pylorus. The larvae settled in the villi, close to the surface of the mucosa. The straight egg strands were laid on this site.It was concluded that, although occurring together, the two species can coexist in the intestine without interfering with each other.

scholarly journals Longitudinal characterization of Plasmodium inter-species interactions during a period of increasing prevalence of Plasmodium ovale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoseah M. Akala ◽  
Oliver Watson ◽  
Kenneth K. Mitei ◽  
Dennis W. Juma ◽  
Robert Verity ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiology and severity of non-falciparum malaria in endemic settings has garnered limited attention. We aimed to characterize the prevalence, interaction, clinical risk factors and temporal trends of non-falciparum malaria in endemic settings of Kenya.MethodsWe diagnosed and analyzed infecting malaria species via PCR in 2027 clinical samples collected between 2008 and 2016. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the prevalence and distribution of Plasmodium species. A statistical model was designed and used for estimating the frequency of Plasmodium species and assessing inter-species interactions. Mixed effect linear regression models with random intercepts for each location was used to test for change in prevalence over time.Findings72•5% of the samples were P. falciparum single species infections, 25·8% were mixed infections and only 1•7% occurred as single non-falciparum species infections. 23•1% were mixed infections containing P. ovale. A likelihood-based model calculation of the population frequency of each species estimated a significant within-host interference between P. falciparum and P. ovale curtisi. Mixed-effect logistic regression models identified a significant increase of P. ovale wallikeri and P. ovale curtisi species over time with reciprocal decrease in P. falciparum single species and P. malariae. The risk of P. falciparum infections presenting with fever was 0•43 times less likely if co-infected with P. malariae.InterpretationFindings show higher prevalence of non-falciparum malaria than expected. The proportion of infections that were positive for infection by P. ovale wallikeri and P. ovale curtisi was observed to significantly increase over the period of study which could be due to attenuated responsiveness to malaria drug treatment on these species. The increase in frequency of P. ovale spp in Kenya could threaten malaria control effort in Kenya and pose increased risk of malaria to travelers.FundingAFHSB and its GEIS Section

scholarly journals The application of CRISPR‐Cas for single species identification from environmental DNA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1106-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly‐Ann Williams ◽  
Joyce O'Grady ◽  
Bernard Ball ◽  
Jens Carlsson ◽  
Elvira Eyto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Single Species

scholarly journals Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing and species identification for mixed infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinodh Kandavalli ◽  
Praneeth Karempudi ◽  
Jimmy Larsson ◽  
Johan Elf
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Proof Of Principle

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem globally. Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is urgently needed in the clinic to enable personalized prescription in high-resistance environments and limit the use of broad-spectrum drugs. Previously we have described a 30 min AST method based on imaging of individual bacterial cells. However, current phenotypic AST methods do not include species identification (ID), leaving time-consuming plating or culturing as the only available option when ID is needed to make the sensitivity call. Here we describe a method to perform phenotypic AST at the single-cell level in a microfluidic chip that allows subsequent genotyping by in situ FISH. By stratifying the phenotypic AST response on the species of individual cells, it is possible to determine the susceptibility profile for each species in a mixed infection sample in 1.5 h. In this proof-of-principle study, we demonstrate the operation with four antibiotics and a mixed sample with four species.

Nymphs of the Fennoscandian Nemoura Latreille (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), with a key to species

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Lillehammer
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
First Instar ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn Fennoscandia the highest number of Nemoura species (6) occurs in the north. Three species, Nemoura arctica, N. sahlbergi and N. viki, are restricted to the north. Three other species occur throughout much of Fennoscandia, while in the south there are four and in the costal areas in the west only a single species. Nymphs of the seven species of Nemoura occurring in Fennoscandia are described. The first instar nymphs of five of the species have also been examined. A key for species identification of nymphs is given and the nymphs of Nemoura viki Lillehammer and N. sahlbergi Morton are included in a key for the first time.

scholarly journals DNA barcoding reveals underestimated species diversity of mantis shrimp larvae (stomatopods) in Banten Bay, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
ABINAWANTO ABINAWANTO ◽  
MARIANA D. BAYU INTAN ◽  
WISNU WARDHANA ◽  
ANOM BOWOLAKSONO
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Interspecific Divergence ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Unidentified Species

Abstract. Abinawanto, Intan MDB, Wardhana W, Bowolaksono A. 2019. DNA barcoding reveals species diversity of mantis shrimp larvae (stomatopods) from Banten Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1758-1763. Larvae of stomatopods can be morphologically identified by linking between larval and adult form, but it's difficult applied in the laboratory because of requirement of condition to rearing larvae collected either from plankton, or spawning adults in the laboratory. Molecular methods are the alternative approach to gather accurate taxonomic identification. One of molecular methods is DNA barcoding based upon sequence diversity in cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI). Research on stomatopod larvae diversity and distribution at six stations in Banten Bay has been studied from October 2013 to March 2014. This study was conducted to identify the diversity of stomatopod larvae through DNA barcoding and also to examine the distribution of stomatopod larvae in Banten Bay. DNA barcoding was used to identify mantis shrimp larvae in Banten Bay, Indonesia. Partial mitochondrial COI were obtained for 37 larvae, revealing five distinct molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). All MOTUs distinctively fell into Squillidea clade. Two Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units, MOTUs were successfully identified to species level (i.e. Anchisquilla fasciata), while three others remained identified to genus level (i.e. Stomatopoda spp). The intraspecific variation of COI ranged from 0% to 3.1% (Kimura 2-parameter distance), whereas interspecific divergence ranged from 5.9% to 20.4%. These results imply that COI genes are suitable for species identification of stomatopod larvae in this area, though the number of unidentified species was higher than the identified ones. This is likely because of the limited database in GenBank. In addition, the two identified species represents new records for this area, suggesting that the mantis shrimp in the area have been underestimated based on traditional biodiversity measures. We recommend to develop a taxonomically-comprehensive DNA barcoding database to improve the accuracy and feasibility of using DNA barcoding for species identification of Indonesia mantis shrimps.

The effect of concurrent or sequential Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum infections on the worm burdens of the two species in pigs

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
P. NANSEN ◽  
E. H. BARNES
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum

The interaction between the 2 nodular worm species in the pig, Oesophagostomum dentatum (O.d.) and Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum (O.q.), was studied by comparing the development and distribution of the species following single or mixed infections. The faecal egg excretion levels were assessed at regular intervals from week 3 post-inoculation, and indicated a strong negative impact of the introduction of O.q. on the continued egg excretion of O.d. All pigs were killed 9 weeks after the first inoculations to determine the composition and location of the worm burdens in the large intestine. O.q. was found more anteriorly located in the intestine than O.d., thus confirming previous descriptions. When both species were present, the distribution of O.d. was moved further posteriorly and was more spread out than in single-species infections. There appeared to be no adverse effect of O.d. on the establishment and fecundity of O.q. However, the worm recoveries corroborated the egg excretion observations, namely reduced worm burdens of O.d. if O.q. was introduced, or if O.q. was already present. It is uncertain whether this effect is caused by differences in host reaction against the two species, or whether a more specific competition occurs between the two nodular worm species in pigs.

scholarly journals Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing and species identification for mixed infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinodh Kandavalli ◽  
Praneeth Karempudi ◽  
Jimmy Larsson ◽  
Johan Elf
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Proof Of Principle

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem globally. Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is urgently needed in the clinic to enable personalized prescription in high-resistance environments and limit the use of broad-spectrum drugs. Previously we have described a 30 min AST method based on imaging of individual bacterial cells. However, current phenotypic AST methods do not include species identification (ID), leaving time-consuming plating or culturing as the only available option when ID is needed to make the sensitivity call. Here we describe a method to perform phenotypic AST at the single-cell level in a microfluidic chip that allows subsequent genotyping by in situ FISH. By stratifying the phenotypic AST response on the species of individual cells, it is possible to determine the susceptibility profile for each species in a mixed infection sample in 1.5 h. In this proof-of-principle study, we demonstrate the operation with four antibiotics and a mixed sample with four species.

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