scholarly journals Evaluation of immune response of BALB/c to homeopathic solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (40) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
Camila Siqueira ◽  
Leoni Bonamin ◽  
Priscila Motta ◽  
Thayná Cardoso ◽  
Cideli Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Viral Hemagglutinin ◽  
Peritoneal Washing ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Biotherapics are medicines prepared from etiologic agents, following Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia. Influenza is a disease that affects thousands of people worldwide every year, motivating the development of new therapies. Aim: In this study, we developed two biotherapics from live/active influenza A virus, at 12x and 30x, and verified some immune response parameters in mice. Methodology: The biotherapic was administered to male SPF 4 weeks old Balb/c mice. The protocol was approved by the UFRJ Ethics Committee of Animal Use (Protocol DFBCICB 040). Animals were stimulated daily, blindly, with different homeopathic medicines, at 1% (V/V) for a maximum period of 42 days. Three homeopathic medicines were tested: biotherapic 30x containing active influenza A virus; biotherapic 12x containing active influenza A virus; and thymulin 5cH. The experimental groups were: Group A (5 animals) – administration of thymulin 5cH, Group B (5 animals) – administration of biotherapic 30x, Group C (5 animals) – administration of biotherapic 12x, Group D (5 animals) - administration of a water 30x, Group E (5 animals) - administration of a water 12x, Group F (5 animals) - control (without treatment). After 21 days of treatment, all animals were challenged subcutaneously with the viral hemagglutinin antigen at the concentration of 7 g/200L and monitored by further 21 days. After euthanasia, all animals were autopsied and the spleen was collected for weight and immunehistochemistry analyses. Additionally, peritoneal washing was done and a “pool” of samples from each group was prepared to be analyzed by flow citometry. Results: Mice treated with biotherapic 30x and thymulin 5cH showed similar profile, different from controls, in which a switch of lymphocytes/phagocytes proportion in the peritoneum was seen, followed by predominance of B1b cells in relation to conventional B and T cells (X2, p=0.005). Regarding to T cell population, in the contrary to control, CD4+ cells were predominant in relation to CD8+ cells (X2, p=0.0001). The immunehistochemistry revealed increase in the number of activated CD11b+ macrophages in spleen (p

scholarly journals Evaluation of BALB/c mice behavior and relations to the immune response after treatment with H3N2 homeopathic solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 128-129
Author(s):  
Camila Monteiro Siqueira ◽  
Leoni Bonamin ◽  
Priscila Motta ◽  
Thayná Cardoso ◽  
Michelle Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Viral Hemagglutinin ◽  
Field Device

In Brazil, homeopathic medicines are prepared according to the Homeopathic Pharmacopeia, regulated by ANVISA. Among several categories of medicines, there is the biotherapic group, which is prepared from etiologic agents. In this study, we developed a biotherapic from influenza A virus, aiming the influenza infection prevention. Influenza is a disease that affects thousands of people worldwide every year, with an important economic impact, what motivates the development of new low cost therapies. The H3N2 biotherapic developed in this study was administered to Balb/c mice to evaluate their immune response to viral specific antigens and behavior (homeopathic proving). Sixty-two 4 weeks old Balb/c mice were divided into five experimental groups (n=14 per group), after approval by the Ethics Committee of Animal Use (Protocol DFBCICB 037) and stimulated daily, blindly, with 1% (v/v) different homeopathic medicines, for a maximum period of 42 days. The tested medicines were: biotherapic 30x prepared from inactivated influenza A virus; biotherapic 30x prepared with infectious influenza A virus; and thymulin 5cH, a thymus hormone. The two control groups were treated with water 30x and nothing (baseline group). After 21 days of treatment, half of the animals from each group was challenged subcutaneously with the viral hemagglutinin antigen (7 mg / 200 mL) and monitored by 21 days further, to evaluate the humoral immune response and general behavior, using an open field device. The remaining animals were evaluated by the same behavioral tests at the end of the first 21 days, as an attempt to define the proving features. After euthanasia, all animals were autopsied and the spleen, lungs, heart and mediastine lymph nodes were weighed. Histometry of the spleen follicles was also made. Histopathological and behavioral analyses showed absence of behavioral effects, however, there was increase of spleen lymphoid follicles diameter in immunized animals treated with thymulin and with the biotherapic prepared from infectious influenza A, when compared to the control group. This experiment is being repeated using flow cytometry to complete the analysis and confirm the results.

scholarly journals Links between fecal microbiota and the response to vaccination against influenza A virus in pigs

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Borey ◽  
Fany Blanc ◽  
Gaëtan Lemonnier ◽  
Jean-Jacques Leplat ◽  
Deborah Jardet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractThis study describes the associations between fecal microbiota and vaccine response variability in pigs, using 98 piglets vaccinated against the influenza A virus at 28 days of age (D28) with a booster at D49. Immune response to the vaccine is measured at D49, D56, D63, and D146 by serum levels of IAV-specific IgG and assays of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI). Analysis of the pre-vaccination microbiota characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal DNA reveals a higher vaccine response in piglets with a richer microbiota, and shows that 23 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are differentially abundant between high and low IAV-specific IgG producers at D63. A stronger immune response is linked with OTUs assigned to the genus Prevotella and family Muribaculaceae, and a weaker response is linked with OTUs assigned to the genera Helicobacter and Escherichia-Shigella. A set of 81 OTUs accurately predicts IAV-specific IgG and HAI titer levels at all time points, highlighting early and late associations between pre-vaccination fecal microbiota composition and immune response to the vaccine.

scholarly journals Induction of cyclophilin A by influenza A virus infection facilitates group A Streptococcus coinfection

Cell Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 109159
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Bai ◽  
Wenxian Yang ◽  
Xiaohan Luan ◽  
Huizi Li ◽  
Heqiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Cyclophilin A ◽  
Group A ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection

scholarly journals Impact of Influenza A Virus Shutoff Proteins on Host Immune Responses

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Megan M. Dunagan ◽  
Kala Hardy ◽  
Toru Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Lymphocyte Migration ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Mhc Molecules ◽  
The Impact

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a significant human pathogen that causes seasonal epidemics. Although various types of vaccines are available, IAVs still circulate among human populations, possibly due to their ability to circumvent host immune responses. IAV expresses two host shutoff proteins, PA-X and NS1, which antagonize the host innate immune response. By transcriptomic analysis, we previously showed that PA-X is a major contributor for general shutoff, while shutoff active NS1 specifically inhibits the expression of host cytokines, MHC molecules, and genes involved in innate immunity in cultured human cells. So far, the impact of these shutoff proteins in the acquired immune response in vivo has not been determined in detail. In this study, we analyzed the effects of PA-X and NS1 shutoff activities on immune response using recombinant influenza A/California/04/2009 viruses containing mutations affecting the expression of shutoff active PA-X and NS1 in a mouse model. Our data indicate that the virus without shutoff activities induced the strongest T and B cell responses. Both PA-X and NS1 reduced host immune responses, but shutoff active NS1 most effectively suppressed lymphocyte migration to the lungs, antibody production, and the generation of IAV specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. NS1 also prevented the generation of protective immunity against a heterologous virus challenge. These data indicate that shutoff active NS1 plays a major role in suppressing host immune responses against IAV infection.

scholarly journals POS1229 ANTI-MDA5 AND ANTISYNTHETASE ANTIBODIES SCREENING IN SEVERE SARS-COV-2 PNEUMONIA. BE AWARE OF FALSE POSITIVE RESULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 898.1-898
Author(s):  
A. Gil-Vila ◽  
J. Perurena-Prieto ◽  
C. Nolla-Fontana ◽  
O. Orozco-Galvez ◽  
M. Miarons-Font ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Antisynthetase Syndrome ◽  
Antisynthetase Antibodies ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Glass Pattern

Background:Several reports have shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may trigger a vigorous immune response that could lead to the appearance of various autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies or anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, among others. Moreover, the pulmonary involvement in SARS-CoV-2 may resemble that of patients with anti-MDA5 positive syndrome or acute form of antisynthetase syndrome.Objectives:Our aim was to analyse the presence of anti-MDA5 and other myositis-specific autoantibodies such as the antisynthetase antibodies in patients diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2.Methods:Retrospective observational study performed in a tertiary care center. We included 28 patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe acute respiratory syndrome, 14 at the onset of the disease (group A) and 14 after 30 days of being treated in an intensive care unit (group B). Chest CT was performed at the admission. We analyzed the presence of anti-MDA5 and antisynthetase antibodies by immunoblot (Euroimmune®) and in those who were positive we performed a confirmatory test by immunoprecipitation.Results:All chest CT showed bilateral ground glass pattern. Three out of 14 patients of group A (12 males, 86%, mean ± SD age 67.1 ± 12.2) were positive for antisynthetase antibodies (2 anti-PL7, 1 anti-Jo1), and 6 out of 14 patients of the group B (6 males, 48%, mean ± SD age 68.7 ± 8.1) were positive to antisynthetase antibodies (2 anti-PL7, 2 anti-PL-12, 1 anti-EJ, 1 anti-OJ+PL7). Immunoblots also show positivity for other myositis-specific or associated antibodies, such as anti-TIF1g, anti-PM75, anti-SAE and anti-SRP. All of these results found by immunoblotting were negative by immunoprecipitation. None of the 28 patients were positive for anti-MDA5 antibodies.Conclusion:Severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is characterized by ground glass pattern in chest CT, as it is found in anti-MDA5 or antisynthetase syndrome. The positivity of several myositis related autoantibodies showed in immunoblot appears to be more related to the vigorous immune response producing polyclonal immunoglobulins than triggering a real myositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Clinicians must be aware about these false positive results in patients with severe COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome.References:[1]Xu Q. MDA5 should be detected in severe COVID-19 patients. Med Hypotheses. 2020; 143:109890.[2]Giannini M, Ohana M, Nespola B, Zanframundo G, Geny B, Meyer A. Similarities between COVID-19 and anti-MDA5 syndrome: what can we learn for better care? Eur Respir J. 2020; 56:2001618.[3]Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Magira E, Alexopoulos H, Jahaj E, Theophilopoulou K, Kotanidou A, Tzioufas AG. Autoantibodies related to systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases in severely ill patients with COVID-19. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Dec;79(12):1661-1663Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Effect of dietary concentrate level on body immune response in calves fed a wheat straw-based diet : short communication

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santra ◽  
N.N. Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Group B

Twenty 9-month-old crossbred calves were divided into 2 equal groups (A and B; n = 10). The feeding trial was conducted for 119 days to study the effect of concentrate supplementation on body immune response and blood metabolites in calves. The concentrate and roughage (wheat straw) ratio in the diet of Groups A and B was 60:40 and 30:70, respectively. Daily dry matter intake was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in Group A than in Group B, which also resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.01) total body weight gain in the former group. Protein, albumin, globulin, total and differential leukocyte count in blood were similar in the 2 groups but blood glucose level was higher (P < 0.05) in the calves of Group A. There was no difference in body immune response between the groups, which indicated that body immune response of animals is not significantly influenced by restricted concentrate feeding.

scholarly journals MHV68 Latency Modulates the Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus

Inflammation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1295-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumitake Saito ◽  
Toshihiro Ito ◽  
Judith M. Connett ◽  
Matthew A. Schaller ◽  
William F. Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Host Immune Response

scholarly journals Response Modifiers: Tweaking the Immune Response Against Influenza A Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husni Elbahesh ◽  
Thomas Gerlach ◽  
Giulietta Saletti ◽  
Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A
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