Detection of nanostructures in solutions of Zincum metallicum and the vehicle lactose

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Marta Marzotto ◽  
Clara Bonafini ◽  
Debora Olioso ◽  
Carla Holandino ◽  
Leoni Bonamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Glass Containers ◽  
Stability Structure ◽  
Source Materials

Background: Nanoparticles (NP), because of their size (< 1μm) and high relative surface area, are highly reactive forms of their source material with biological, chemical, optical, electromagnetic, and thermal properties different from larger bulk forms of the same material. It has been speculated that NPs can occur in homeopathic products as a function of trituration and shaking into glass containers. Moreover, the presence of sugars additives like lactose and of silicates leaked from the glassware are reported to stabilize the nanoparticles.1 Up to now some authors observed nanoparticles in highly diluted samples2, 3, but further studies are needed to know the nature of the NPs. Actually, nanostructures in the solutions may derive from the source materials but also from stuff contaminations and also may be constituted by nano-bubbles.4, 5 Moreover, the mechanism by which the nanostructures can be formed and the effect of serial dilution/succussions of the NPs suspension should be studied.6 Many tools are available to analyze the nanostructures both in solutions or in dried samples and these give complementary information about the concentration, stability, structure and chemical nature of the NPs. In the present report we describe preliminary observations obtained by the nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) in Zincum metallicum (Zinc met.) solutions at low-grade dilution/dynamization and their lactose controls. This study is part of a formal Brazilian-Italian inter-university collaboration.

Documents and Source Material

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Israeli Occupation

This section comprises JPS summaries and links to international, Arab, Israeli, and U.S. documents and source materials from the quarter spanning 16 May-15 November 2017. Fifty years of Israeli occupation was the focus of reports by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and Oxfam that documented the ongoing human rights abuses in the occupied Palestinian territories. Other notable documents include Israeli NGO Gisha and UNSCO reports on the ten-year Gaza siege, Al Jazeera's interactive timeline of the Nakba, and an exchange of letters between the ACLU and U.S. senators on anti-BDS legislation.

Oral Testimony as Historical Source Material for the Reconstruction of the Judicial History of Shipping in India (1600-1800)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Kamruzzman Chowdhary
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Oral Testimony ◽  
History Of ◽  
Judicial History ◽  
Source Materials

This study was an attempt to understand how the available alternative source materials, such as oral testimonies can serve as valuable assets to unveiling certain aspects of maritime history in India. A number of themes in maritime history in India failed to get the attention of the generation of historians, because of the paucity of written documents. Unlike in Europe, the penning down of shipping activities was not a concern for the authorities at the port in India. The pamphlets and newsletters declared the scheduled departure of the ship in Europe but, in India, this was done verbally. Therefore, maritime history in India remained marginalised. Hence, in this article, I make an endeavour to perceive how the oral testimonies can help shed some new light on certain aspects of maritime history in India, such as life on the ship, maritime practices, and perceptions among the littoral people in coastal societies. This article also outlines an approach on how the broader question on the transformation of scattered maritime practices among coastal societies can be adapted and transferred into an organised institution of law by the nineteenth century, and how these can be pursued in future. I also suggest in this article that the role of Europeans, especially the British, in the process of transformation, can be investigated further through oral testimonies in corroboration with the colonial archival records.

Low Temperature OMVPE of ZnSe from Alkyl Sources Using a Plasma Disk Lamp

1988 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Tokuda ◽  
B. Pihlstrom ◽  
D. W. Kisker ◽  
M. Lamont Schnoes ◽  
G. J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Process ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Impurity Incorporation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Selenium Compound ◽  
Ultraviolet Photons ◽  
Reduced Toxicity ◽  
Source Materials

ABSTRACTThe growth of high quality ZnSe by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) has generally been hindered because of parasitic source pre-reactions or relatively high source decomposition temperatures. In this work, we have used vacuum ultraviolet photons generated by a disk-plasma lamp to assist the ZnSe growth process using diethylselenium and diethylzinc as source materials. This approach has resulted in satisfactory growth rates and high material quality at temperatures as low as 250°C, without the limitations of prereaction typically observed when H2Se is used for the selenium source material. In addition, the alkyl selenium compound offers advantages due to reduced toxicity compared to H2Se. This new, low-growth-temperature process thus offers the possibility of improved stoichiometry and impurity incorporation control as well as a reduced thermal effect on the underlying substrate during growth. At the same time, the advantages of excellent morphology and uniformity typically exhibited by the alkylbased growth processes are retained.

Effectiveness of heat protection of fabrics loaded with phase change materials

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Fallahi ◽  
Mohammad Barmar ◽  
Mohammad Haghighat Kish
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Heat Protection ◽  
Exponential Relation

AbstractAmong different natural and non-corrosive products paraffin wax and camel fat are selected as phase change materials (PCM). These PCMs are applied to glass, polyester/viscose and wool/polyester woven fabrics. To examine their efficacy, their thermal behavior in a condition similar to the actual end uses is measured. Chemical nature and thermal properties of the PCMs are measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and differential scanning calorimeter. A relation based on the principle of heat transfer is used to determine the temperature of a thermometer covered by fabrics loaded with PCMs. A simple exponential relation explains the experimental results. For glass and polyester/viscose fabrics use of these PCMs leads to substantial delays in the temperature changes. The important parameters for the evaluation of the products are discussed.

Surface textures and rounding of quartz sand grains on intertidal sandbars, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2071-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard V. Middleton ◽  
Patricia M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Surface Textures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Quartz Grains

Intertidal sands in the Minas Basin are mineralogically immature, and are generally medium grained and moderately well sorted. Quartz grains show a wide range of roundness: mean roundness is subangular, but rounded to well rounded grains are also present. The sands are derived mainly from coastal erosion of Pleistocene tills and outwash and Triassic sandstones.Scanning electron microscope examination of the surface textures of more than 40 samples of source materials and tidal sands reveals that although many of the textures are relict, tidal sands show high, smoothed surfaces with non-oriented V's, and low areas with 'patchy growths', neither of which are present on source sands. Rounding of grains is undoubtedly taking place in the tidal environments, but much of the roundness is inherited from Triassic source material, and new surface textures are developed most rapidly on grains already partly rounded.Average distances of grain transport in the layer of sand moving on the bar surface is of the order of 1 m per tidal cycle, and allowing for reworking of the entire mass of sand in the bars, this results in a long term transport rate of only about 10 m per year. For the distance of transport, sediment transport by tides is probably more efficient at rounding sand grains than transport by rivers, but less efficient than transport by waves or wind. Geologically long periods of reworking by tides would be necessary to produce texturally supermature sands.

Nitridation by NO Or N2O of Si-SiO2 Interfaces

1999 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Caricato ◽  
F. Cazzaniga ◽  
G. F. Cerofolini ◽  
B. Crivelli ◽  
M. L. Polignano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Surface Recombination ◽  
Surface Recombination Velocity ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Recombination Velocity ◽  
Foreign Species

ABSTRACTX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photocurrent measurements for the determination of surface recombination velocity provide complementary information on the structure of the Si-SiO2 interface, being sensitive to the chemical nature of foreign species at the interface the former, and to intrinsic defects the latter. The comparison of the XPS N(1s) peaks determined for the Si-Si0 2 interfaces nitrided in NO or N2O ambients is useful to identify the species responsible for the broadening of the peak. In fact, nitridation by NO is mainly responsible for the formation of Si3N moieties at the silicon surface in which silicon atoms are partially oxidized; while nitridation by N2O proceeds with the oxidation of Si – Si backbonds to Si – N bonds, thus resulting in the formation of N(Si(O-)3)3 groups embedded in the oxide. Surface recombination velocity by photocurrent measurements gives evidence that nitridation in N2O is associated with an appreciable co-oxidation, while nitridation in NO is mainly associated with the passivation of interface states. Furthermore N2O and NO nitridation are responsible for different morphologies of the nitrided layers.

MUCINOUS LOW-GRADE ADENOCARCINOMA ARISING IN AN INTRACRANIAL ENTEROGENOUS CYST

Neurosurgery ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. E972-E973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gessi ◽  
Federico G. Legnani ◽  
Emanuela Maderna ◽  
Cecilia Casali ◽  
Carlo L. Solero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Abstract OBJECTIVE Enterogenous cysts (ECs) of the central nervous system are developmental malformations that occur in the spinal canal, posterior fossa, or cerebral hemispheres. They are usually benign lesions, and malignant transformation is rare. To date, only three cases of malignant transformation have been reported in the literature. We present a case of a cerebellopontine EC showing foci of epithelial dysplasia and malignant transformation into a low-grade papillary mucinous adenocarcinoma. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 25 year-old man with a 6-year history of hypoacusia presented to our department with facial nerve deficit, visual disturbances, and gait instability. A magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated a multiloculated cerebellopontine angle cyst with supratentorial hydrocephalus. INTERVENTION A retrosigmoidal approach was used to achieve cyst removal. This was followed several months later by ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. The cyst was adherent to the brainstem, cranial nerves, and vessels, and it resembled a thin encapsulated structure filled with mucinous-like substance. No solid component was identified. Histopathological examination revealed an EC with foci of malignant transformation in a mucinous papillary adenocarcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 5 months postoperatively due to progressive clinical worsening; this scan revealed lesion recurrence with severe brainstem compression. Emergency surgery was performed, and a large decompression was achieved. Subsequent follow-up computed tomographic scans showed progression of the residual tumor. The patient's neurological condition rapidly worsened, ultimately resulting in death. CONCLUSION The present report suggests that a careful histological examination of all ECs after surgery should be made to exclude dysplastic foci or carcinomatous transformation. Although the clinical behavior of ECs with malignant trasformation is unpredictable, surgery remains the treatment of choice. The use of possible adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy has not been established.

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