Gelsemium effect against nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 06-06
Author(s):  
Naoual Boujedaini ◽  
Laurence Meyer ◽  
Christine Patte-Mensah ◽  
Ayikoe Guy Mensah-Nyagan
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
Beneficial Action ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Background Gelsemium dilutions are prescribed for their anxiolytic and its analgesic effects. Investigations using alkaloids isolated from Gelsemium support the hypothesis of Gelsemium-induced analgesia. Aims We evaluated the antinociceptive effect of Gelsemium dilutions 3, 5 and 9C in neuropathic models. Methodology To investigate the potential effect of Gelsemium dilutions 3, 5 and 9C to prevent or to correct sciatic nerve chronic constriction (CCI) injury, we used the von-Frey hair behavioral test. CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats represents characteristic painful behaviors like hyperalgesia and allodynia, thus validating its suitability for the evaluation of anti-neuropathic drugs. To test the corrective effect, Gelsemium 3, 5 or 9 C or placebo were administered from Day 14 after sciatic nerve ligation, i.e., when neuropathic symptoms were observed. In the preventive strategy, Gelsemium dilutions and placebo began immediately after the sciatic nerve ligation (D0). Results and discussion We observed that in placebo groups, the mechanical-sensitivity thresholds remained unchanged all treatment days whereas Gelsemium dilutions 3C and 5C exerted a strong or moderate antinociceptive effect, respectively. In CCI-rats, the contralateral paw of placebo-treated animals did not respond to 4g non-noxious stimulation but the ipsilateral responses increased progressively (0%-D0, 52%-D14, 72%-D21 and 88%-D28), confirming the occurrence of allodynia. Gelsemium dilution 3C corrective and preventive treatments efficiently reduced the allodynic responses (72-to-38%-D21 and 88-to-22%-D28). Gelsemium 5C also exhibited significant anti-allodynic action while Gelsemium 9C was ineffective. Similarly, one week treatment with Gelsemium 3 or 5C efficiently reduced 15g or 26g-evoked hyperalgesia and the beneficial action improved after 2 weeks. Chronic therapies with current analgesics induce several side-effects. Conclusion The present work, suggest that Gelsemium dilutions devoid of toxicity and used as anxiolytic in humans induced analgesia, opens interesting/alternative perspectives for long-term management of pain without undesirable effects.

Electrical stimulation of referred sensation area alleviates phantom limb pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michihiro Osumi ◽  
Daisuke Shimizu ◽  
Yuki Nishi ◽  
Shu Morioka
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Patients with brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) usually experience phantom sensations and phantom limb pain (PLP) in the deafferented limb. It has been suggested that evoking the sensation of touch in the deafferented limb by stimulating referred sensation areas (RSAs) on the cheek or shoulder might alleviate PLP. However, feasible rehabilitation techniques using this approach have not been reported. Objective: The present study sought to examine the analgesic effects of simple electrical stimulation of RSAs in BPA patients with PLP. Methods: Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs for 60 minutes was conducted for six BPA patients suffering from PLP to examine short-term analgesic effects. Study 2: A single case design experiment was conducted with two BPA patients to investigate whether electrical stimulation of RSAs was more effective for alleviating PLP than control electrical stimulation (electrical stimulation of sites on side opposite to the RSAs), and to elucidate the long-term effects of electrical stimulation of RSAs. Results: Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs evoked phantom touch sensations in the deafferented limb, and significantly alleviated PLP (p <  0.05). Study 2: PLP was alleviated more after electrical stimulation on RSAs compared with control electrical stimulation (p <  0.05). However, the analgesic effects of electrical stimulation on RSAs were observed only in the short term, not in the long term (p >  0.05). Conclusions: Electrical stimulation of RSAs not only evoked phantom touch sensation but also alleviated PLP in the short term. The results indicate that electrical stimulation of RSAs may provide a useful practical rehabilitation technique for PLP. Future studies will be required to clarify the mechanisms underlying immediate PLP alleviation via electrical stimulation of RSAs.

scholarly journals Exploring How Exposure to Truth and State-Sponsored Anti-Tobacco Media Campaigns Affect Smoking Disparities among Young Adults Using a National Longitudinal Dataset, 2002–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7803
Author(s):  
David C. Colston ◽  
Yanmei Xie ◽  
James F. Thrasher ◽  
Sherry Emery ◽  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Monitoring The Future

Background. Little is known regarding long-term impacts of anti-tobacco media campaigns on youth smoking and related disparities in the United States. Methods. We examined longitudinal cohort data from Monitoring the Future (MTF) between 2000 and 2017 in modified Poisson regression models to understand the long-term impacts of televised Truth and state-sponsored ad campaign exposure at baseline (age 18) on first cigarette and daily smoking initiation 1 to 2 years later (at modal ages 19/20). We also used additive interactions to test for potential effect modification between campaign exposure and smoking outcomes by sex, race/ethnicity, and parental educational attainment. Results. We found no evidence for baseline media campaign exposure to be associated with first cigarette or daily smoking initiation at modal age 19/20. Further, results showed no evidence for effect modification between campaign exposure and first cigarette or daily smoking initiation. Conclusions. We found no evidence that baseline Truth and state-sponsored ad exposure was associated with first cigarette or daily smoking initiation at follow up, nor did we find any evidence for effect modification by sex, race/ethnicity, or parental education. We hypothesize that anti-tobacco media campaigns might have had a short-term impact on smoking behaviors, though these effects were not sustained long term.

scholarly journals Can we predict the future: juvenile finfish and their seagrass nurseries in the Chesapeake Bay

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Seagrass Habitat ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Landscape Level

Abstract The importance of estuarine seagrass beds as nurseries for juvenile fish has become a universal paradigm, especially for estuaries that are as important as the Chesapeake Bay. Yet, scientific tests of this hypothesis were equivocal depending on species, location, and metrics. Moreover, seagrasses themselves are under threat and one-third of seagrasses have disappeared worldwide with 65% of their losses occurring in estuaries. Although there have been extensive studies of seagrasses in the Chesapeake Bay, surprisingly few studies have quantified the relationship between seagrass as nurseries for finfish in the Bay. Of the few studies that have directly evaluated the use of seagrass nurseries, most have concentrated on single species or were of short duration. Few landscape-level or long-term studies have examined this relationship in the Bay or explored the potential effect of climate change. This review paper summarizes the seagrass habitat value as nurseries and presents recent juvenile fish studies that address the dearth of research at the long term and landscape level with an emphasis on the Chesapeake Bay. An important conclusion upon the review of these studies is that predicting the effects of climate change on fishery production remains uncertain.

Long-term conduction anesthesia of the sciatic nerve in the complex treatment of obliterating atherosclerosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-303
Author(s):  
V. A. Fominykh ◽  
V. H. Alkhanov
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Posterior Approach ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Conduction Block ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Block ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Conduction Anesthesia

Conductive anesthesia as a therapeutic agent for injuries and diseases of the lower extremities is rarely performed. This is primarily due to the fact that the posterior approach is mainly used to perform the sciatic nerve block, which requires special positioning of the patient and is not suitable for inserting a catheter. The most convenient in this respect is the front access to the sciatic nerve. We catheterized the sciatic nerve according to V.V. Kuzmenkov et al. The method of long-term conduction block of the sciatic nerve (DPBS) was performed in 23 patients.

Can the use of physical modalities for pain control be rationalized by the research evidence?

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Elaine Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Power Laser ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Physical Modalities

Physical modalities, including cold and heat, are widely used in the conservative management of pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders. This review has critically appraised the literature supporting the use of these modalities in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. It was concluded that, apart from a few exceptions and in a few types of disorders, existing evidence does not support the use of these modalities in long-term pain control. There was, however, evidence that several modalities, specifically cold and a form of deep heat (shortwave diathermy), do have short-lived analgesic effects and so may contribute to more painfree function in the short term. Further research is clearly warranted to define the short- and long-term therapeutic efficacy of physical modalities in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain to justify their continued use in clinical practice.Key words: pain control, cold, heat, ultrasound, low-power laser.

scholarly journals Comparison of antinociceptive effect of the antiepileptic drug gabapentin to that of various dosage combinations of gabapentin with lamotrigine and topiramate in mice and rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshab Raj Paudel ◽  
SK Bhattacharya ◽  
GP Rauniar ◽  
BP Das
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Mechanical Hyperalgesia ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects

ABSTRACT Introduction: Newer anticonvulsants have a neuromodulatory effect on pain perception mechanisms in a hyperexcitable and damaged nervous system. Aim: This study was designed to study the analgesic effects of gabapentin alone and in combination with lamotrigine and topiramate in experimental pain models. Materials and Methods: Adult albino mice (n = 490) weighing 20–30 g and rats (n = 130) weighing 100–200 g were injected intraperitoneally with gabapentin, lamotrigine, and topiramate alone and in different dose combinations. The hot-plate method, tail-flick method, capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, and formalin assay were used to assess the antinociceptive effects. Results: Of the three antiepileptic drugs, when given separately, gabapentin was more efficacious than either topiramate or lamotrigine in all the pain models. Combination of 25 mg/kg gabapentin with 25 mg/kg topiramate was more efficacious (P <.05) than 50 mg/kg gabapentin alone in the capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia test. Similarly, 50 mg/kg gabapentin with 50 mg/kg topiramate or 5 mg/kg lamotrigine was more efficacious (P <.05) than 50 or 100 mg/kg gabapentin alone in late-phase formalin-induced behaviors. Conclusions: Combination of gabapentin with either lamotrigine or topiramate produced better results than gabapentin alone in capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia test and in late-phase formalin-induced behaviors.

Long-term reinnervation effects after sciatic nerve lesions in adult rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos IJkema-Paassen ◽  
Marcel F. Meek ◽  
Albert Gramsbergen
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Nerve Lesions

Comparison between the analgesic effects of morphine and tramadol delivered epidurally in cats receiving a standardized noxious stimulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 948-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Castro ◽  
Marta F.A. Silva ◽  
Andre C. Shih ◽  
Pedro P.A. Motta ◽  
Marcos V.M. Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Analgesic Effects

scholarly journals Influence of Dietary Supplementation for Hyperhomocysteinemia Treatments

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1957
Author(s):  
Alessandra Vezzoli ◽  
Cinzia Dellanoce ◽  
Teresa Maria Caimi ◽  
Daniele Vietti ◽  
Michela Montorsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Traditional Therapy ◽  
Glutamic Acid Production ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Hyperhomocysteinemia is recognized as risk factor for cardiovascular and age-associated diseases. Folic acid supplementation efficiently lowers plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels, but high intake may negatively affect health because of unnatural levels of unmetabolized folic acid in the systemic circulation. Oxoproline (Oxo) provides by glutamic acid production an increase of intracellular folic acid trapping. Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three supplementation protocols: (1) traditional therapy (5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate: 15 mg/day); (2) 5 mL/day of Oxo with 300 μg folic acid (oxifolic); (3) 5 mL/day of Oxo alone (magnesio+) in a 90 days randomized trial on thirty-two moderate hyperhomocysteinemic (18.6 ± 2.4 μmol·L−1) patients (age 48 ± 14 years). Thiols: cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (Cys–Gly) and glutathione levels were assessed too. Every supplementation induced significant (p range <0.05–0.0001) reductions of Hcy level and Cys concentration after the three protocols adopted. Otherwise glutathione concentration significantly increased after oxifolic (p < 0.01) and traditional (p < 0.05) supplementation. The integration of Oxo resulted an interesting alternative to traditional therapy because absence or minimal number of folates in the integrator eliminates any chance of excess that can constitute a long-term risk.

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