scholarly journals Genetic relationships between production traits and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Toghiani
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Breeding Center ◽  
Fat Yield

Abstract. In order to estimate genetic parameters for production traits and reproductive performance, 115465 records of production traits and 90942 records of reproductive performance from Iranian Holstein cows that were collected during 1980 to 2004 at Animal Breeding Center of Iran, were used. The estimations were performed using Restricted Maximum Likelihood method (REML) under an animal model by DF-REML and MATVEC software. Estimates of heritabilities for production traits were moderate, from 0.149 for fat yield to 0.26 for milk yield. Heritabilities for reproductive performance were low, and ranged from 0.04 for interval from calving to first service to 0.0743 for gestation length. Genetic correlations between production traits were form −0.505 for milk yield and protein percentage to 0.81 between milk yield with fat yield. Most genetic correlations between reproductive performances were found close to zero. Genetic correlation estimates of production traits with reproductive performance were from −0.513 for open days and protein yield to 0.96 for protein yield and calving interval.

scholarly journals Analyses of genetic relationships between linear type traits, fat-to-protein ratio, milk production traits, and somatic cell count in first-parity Czech Holstein cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zink ◽  
L. Zavadilová ◽  
J. Lassen ◽  
M. Štípková ◽  
M. Vacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Fat Yield

Genetic and phenotypic correlations between production traits, selected linear type traits, and somatic cell score were estimated. The results could be useful for breeding programs involving Czech Holstein dairy cows or other populations. A series of bivariate analyses was applied whereby (co)variance components were estimated using average information (AI-REML) implemented via the DMU statistical package. Chosen phenotypic data included average somatic cell score per a 305-day standard first lactation as well as the production traits milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage per the standard first lactation. Fifteen classified linear type traits were added, as they were measured at first lactation in the Czech Holstein population. All phenotypic data were collected within the progeny testing program of the Czech-Moravian Breeders Corporation from 2005 to 2009. The number of animals for each linear type trait was 59 454, except for locomotion, for which 53 424 animals were recorded. The numbers of animals with records of milk production data were 43 992 for milk yield, fat percentage, protein percentage, and fat-to-protein percentage ratio and 43 978 for fat yield and protein yield. In total, 27 098 somatic cell score records were available. The strongest positive genetic correlation between production traits and linear type traits was estimated between udder width and fat yield (0.51 ± 0.04), while the strongest negative correlation estimated was between body condition score and fat yield (−0.45 ± 0.03). Other estimated correlations were between those two extremes but generally they were close to zero or positive. The strongest negative phenotypic correlations were estimated between udder depth and milk yield and protein yield (both −0.17), while the strongest positive phenotypic correlations were estimated between milk yield, protein yield, and udder width (both 0.32).  

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for milk production and persistency in the Iranian Holstein population by the multitrait random regression model

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khabat Kheirabadi ◽  
Sadegh Alijani
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Random Regression Model ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Fat Yield

Abstract. For genetic dissection of milk, fat, and protein production traits in the Iranian primiparous Holstein dairy cattle, records of these traits were analysed using a multitrait random regression test-day model. Data set included 763 505 test-day records from 88 204 cows calving since 1993. The (co)variance components were estimated by Bayesian method. The obtained results indicated that as in case of genetic correlations within traits, genetic correlations between traits decrease as days in milk (DIM) got further apart. The strength of the correlations decreased with increasing DIM, especially between milk and fat. Heritability estimates for 305-d milk, fat, and protein yields were 0.31, 0.29, and 0.29, respectively. Heritabilities of test-day milk, fat, and protein yields for selected DIM were higher in the end than at the beginning or the middle of lactation. Heritabilities for persistency ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 and were generally highest for protein yield (0.05 to 0.24) and lowest for fat yield (0.02 to 0.17), with milk yield having intermediate values (0.06 to 0.22). Genetic correlations between persistency measures and 305-d production were higher for protein and milk yield than for fat yield. The genetic correlation of the same persistency measures between milk and fat yields averaged 0.76, and between milk and protein yields averaged 0.82.

Relationship between milk composition and yield of milk, fat and protein in Red Danish cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Selection For

The relationships among five traits in dairy cattle (milk yield, fat yield, protein, fat % and protein %) were examined on the original and on a logarithmic scale. The data comprised the records on 5333 Red Danish cows tested at the Danish Progeny Testing Stations during the years 1960–66. None of the heritabilities or the correlations among the variates were altered appreciably by transformation. For the five traits heritability estimates were 0·56, 0·80, 0·65, 0·64 and 0·56, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations among milk yield, fat yield and protein yield were all very high, about 0·95. The correlations between fat % and protein % were about 0·6. The coefficient of variation of a variate proved to be a good approximation of the standard deviation of the transformed variate even for milk, fat and protein yield with coefficients of variation of 17–18%. It was concluded that little is likely to be gained by using index selection for fat yield and protein yield. However, about 90% of the response obtainable by direct selection for fat or protein yield could be obtained merely by selection for milk yield. A large correlated response for protein yield could be obtained by selecting for fat yield.

Genetic aspects of condition score, heart girth and milk-yield traits in Italian Friesian cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
L. Gallo ◽  
P. Carnier ◽  
M. Cassandro ◽  
R. Dal Zotto ◽  
G. Bittante
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractFunctional traits related to costs are currently of interest for selection and management of dairy cattle. The present study was aimed to estimate heritability for body condition score (BCS) and heart girth (HG), to investigate the genetic relationships between BCS, HG and milk-yield traits using a test-day model and to analyse the consistency of the estimates in different lactation stages. Cows from 25 dairy herds were scored for BCS and measured for HG at 3-month intervals for 2 years. Approximately 5000 test-day observations on BCS, HG and milk fat and protein yield from 1429 Italian Friesian cows were analysed using two approaches: (1) repeated observations were treated as repeated measurements of the same trait, both within and across lactations; (2) observations collected in different stages of lactation (dry period, 1 to 75 days in milk (DIM), 76 to 130 DIM, 131 to 210 DIM, 211 to 300 DIM) were treated as different traits. (Co)variance components and related parameters were estimated using REML multiple-trait procedures and unequal design animal models.Heritability estimates (approach 1) for fat and protein test-day yield, BCS and HG were 0.22, 0.18, 0.29 and 0.33, respectively. BCS was negatively correlated with yield traits (-0.43 and -0.48 for fat and protein yield, respectively) but positively correlated (0.33) with HG. Genetic relationships between HG and milk-yield traits were negligible. Heritability estimates (approach 2) were 0.28 and 0.27 for BCS recorded in the first half of lactation (1 to 75 and 76 to 130 DIM, respectively), 0.36 for BCS measured on cows in the second half of lactation and 0.32 for BCS recorded on dry cows. Heritability estimates for HG in different lactation stages ranged from 0.31 to 0.40. Genetic correlations between BCS measured in different lactation stages were generally high (0.85 or more), with the exception of the correlation between the first and the last stage of lactation (0.74) and of the relationships between the beginning of lactation and the dry period (0.7). Genetic correlations between HG measured in different lactation stages were mostly higher than 0.80.

scholarly journals Genetic relationship of functional longevity with female fertility and milk production traits in Czech Holsteins 

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 554-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zavadilová ◽  
V. Zink
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Fertility Traits

The objectives of this study were to estimate heritabilities of and genetic correlations among longevity, milk production, and female fertility traits of Holstein cows. Fertility traits were days open, interval from parturition to first service, and days between the first and last insemination in the first and second lactation, respectively. Production traits were first lactation milk, fat, and protein yield. Functional longevity was defined as the number of days between the first calving and culling, i.e. the length of the productive life. The linear animal model included fixed effects of month-year of first calving, regression on age at first calving, regression on milk yield (only for longevity), and random effects of herd-year, animal, and residual. Heritability estimates for fertility traits ranged from 0.02 ± 0.009 to 0.06 ± 0.004. Heritability of longevity was 0.09. Heritability estimates for production traits ranged from 0.29 ± 0.009 (fat and protein yield) to 0.34 ± 0.009 (milk yield). Genetic correlations of longevity with fertility were moderate and favourable, ranging from –0.37 ± 0.068 to –0.44 ± 0.055, except the days between the first and last insemination in the second lactation. Genetic correlations of fertility with production traits were moderate to high and unfavourable, ranging from 0.48 ± 0.042 to 0.65 ± 0.034. Substantial herd-year correlations were found between fertility traits. Residual correlations were small except for those between production traits (> 0.85) and between days open and days between the first and last insemination (0.87). Month-year of first calving effects for longevity declined between 1994 and 2002, while those for production traits and for fertility increased slightly or remained stable during this period. Between 1991 and 2003, genetic trend for longevity declined and increased for production. Estimated genetic changes for fertility were unfavourable.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic parameters for milk traits in Romanian local sheep breed

2014 ◽  
pp. 4033-4040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelmus RS ◽  
Pistol GC ◽  
Lazar C ◽  
Gras MA ◽  
Ghita E
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Fat Yield

ABSTRACTObjective. Estimate the genetic parameters for milk traits in a Romanian local sheep population Teleorman Black Head. Material and methods. Records of 262 sheep belonging to 17 rams and 139 ewes were used in the study. The following traits were investigated: milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat percentage and protein percentage. The genetic parameters were estimated using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood method, with a model including maternal effects. Results. The results from our study revealed that direct heritability estimates were moderate for milk yield (0.449), fat yield (0.442), protein yield (0.386) while for protein percentage (0.708) and fat percentage (0.924) were high. The high direct and maternal genetic correlation was between milk yield and protein yield (0.979, 0.973) and between protein yield and fat yield (0.952, 0.913) while the phenotypic correlation between the milk yield and fat yield (0.968), the milk yield and protein yield (0.967), fat yield and protein yield (0.936) was high and positive. Conclusions. The genetic parameters are important in selection program on this breed for genetic improvement.

scholarly journals BREEDING INDEX MODELING FOR AIRSHIRE DAIRY CATTLE WITH APPLICATION OF EXTERIOR PARAMETRES

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
E.A. Romanova ◽  
◽  
O.V. Tulinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Variance And Covariance Components ◽  
Index Weight

The article presents results of selection efficiency of potential parents in Ayrshire breed using IAYR multiple-factor selection index, which includes productivity traits such as milk yield, fat and protein yield and integrated exterior parametres: UDC udder index and FLC leg index. As an original data array, a sample was generated with parameters for milk productivity and exterior characteristics of 574 Ayrshire first-calf heifers, which are daughters of 21 bulls from the leading breeding farm of Leningrad region. Calculation of phenotypic and genetic correlations was carried out in the course of the study, which revealed the greatest paratypical relationship between milk yield and fat yield rp = 0.912 at p <0.001, and the highest genetic relationship was noted between milk yield and protein yield rg = 0.960 at p <0.001. A high value of heritability coefficient for milk yield was established, which amounted to h2 = 0.506, which is connected with usage of imported servicing bulls with high genetic potential for herd reproduction. To determine the values of index weight coefficients, the variance and covariance components of variability of the studied parametres were calculated. Economic components of the parametres included in the developed equation are formed. As a result of selection modeling with an intensity of 10% according to the constructed equation of the productive-exterior index IAYR, a significant and reliable advantage in milk production by 1899 kg of milk was established in comparison with other animals, in terms of fat yield - by 64.7 kg and protein yield - by 51.7 kg.

scholarly journals Genetic Relationships Among Linear Type Traits and Milk Production Traits of Holstein Dairy Cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Bohlouli ◽  
Sadegh Alijani ◽  
Mehran Rahimi Varposhti
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate genetic relationships among milk production and linear type traits of Holstein dairy cattle from seven herds in Isfahan province of Iran. Phenotypic data was collected from 2004 to 2012 and included milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY) and protein yield (PY) for first three lactations, six body traits (stature, ST; chest width, CW; body depth, BD; angularity, AN; rump angle, RA; rump width, RW), three feet and legs traits (rear legs side view, RLSV; rear legs rear view, RLRV; foot angle, FA) and eight udder traits (fore udder attachment, FUA; rear udder height, RUH; rear udder width, RUW; central ligament, CL; udder depth, UD; fore teat placement, FTP; rear teat placement, RTP; teat length, TL). The number of animals for each linear type trait was 3505. Multi-trait animal models were used to estimate the (co)variance components based on restricted maximum likelihood method (REML) using WOMBAT software. Heritability estimates of first, second and third lactations for MY were 0.28, 0.41 and 0.36; for FY were 0.22, 0.23 and 0.36 and for PY were 0.31, 0.33 and 0.25, respectively. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.17±0.04 to 0.24±0.04 for body traits, 0.06±0.03 to 0.15±0.04 for feet and leg traits and from 0.12±0.04 to 0.25±0.05 for udder traits. Genetic correlations among the recorded type traits ranged from -0.76±0.01 (between AN and RLRV) to 0.65±0.02 (between AN and RW). The low to moderate positive genetic correlations between AN and FUA with milk production traits indicate that cows with high AN and good FUA have higher milk, fat and protein yields. The results of this study indicated that considerable genetic variation exists for different type traits within this sample of the Iranian Holstein population and additive genetic variability of type traits can provide moderate genetic gains through selection.

Genetic parameters for reproductive performance of breeding cows and carcass traits of fattening animals in Japanese Black (Wagyu) cattle

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Oyama ◽  
T. Katsuta ◽  
K. Anada ◽  
F. Mukai
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Selection For

AbstractReproductive performance is receiving increased attention from beef cattle producers. There are concerns that intensive selection for carcass traits might reduce the reproductive performance of females. Genetic parameters among six carcass traits and, age at first calving (AFC), gestation length (GL), days open (DO) and calving interval (CI) under year-round artificial insemination were estimated. Reproductive traits were extracted from 174005 calving records of Japanese Black cows and were analysed with 31364 carcass records. The restricted maximum likelihood procedure under animal models was used to estimate the parameters. Heritabilities of AFC, GL, DO and CI were estimated to be 0.20, 0.40, 0.05 and 0.05, respectively, and those of carcass traits were higher, ranging from 0.38 to 0.56. Genetic correlations of CI with AFC and GL were 0.25 and 0.16, respectively, while no relationship was observed between AFC and GL. Correlations among carcass traits were generally favourable and a slightly negative estimate was obtained between subcutaneous fat thickness and marbling score. Genetic correlations for AFC were -0.27 with carcass weight and -0.24 with marbling score. In contrast, GL, DO and CI were genetically independent of carcass traits. Genetic relationships between reproductive and carcass traits were generally low, and therefore serious antagonism was not observed. The results suggested that selection for carcass traits would not compromise genetic progress in reproductive traits.

scholarly journals DGAT1 GENE POLYMORPHISM AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH CATTLE MILK YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Salah H. FARAJ ◽  
Asaad Y. AYIED ◽  
D. K. SEGER
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Genotypic Frequency ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Dgat1 Gene ◽  
Fat Yield

Several polymorphisms in different gene loci have been noted to affect production traits such as milk yield and milk composition. The present study aimed to determine the allelic and genotypic frequency of the DGAT1 gene and evaluate the associations between DGAT1 genetic variants and milk yield and its chemical composition of local Iraqi cattle. Blood samples from 100 cows were obtained for DNA isolation. The primer used in this study amplified 411-bp fragments at exon 8 of the DGAT1 gene. DNA sequencing methods were applied to detect single nucleotide polymorphism of the DGAT1 gene in 100 cows. The nucleotide sequences of exon 8 of the DGAT1 gene were registered for local Iraqi cattle in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ), and the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) under the following accession numbers (LC492073 and LC492074). The results showed the presence of two polymorphic sites leading to the construction of 2 different haplotypes in the cow. Haplotype diversity was 0.536, while nucleotide diversity was 0.0031. Two single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci of the DGAT1 gene were detected, namely A10433G (A/G) and A10434C (A/C). The resulting of this mutation changes lysine to alanine substitution at position 232 (A232K mutation) of amino acid sequence. Geneious software V. 2020.0.4 was used to detect genotypes of the DGAT1 gene, as the sequence alignment showed the presence of three genotypes. The genotypic frequencies of KK, KA, and AA were 0.40, 0.30, and 0.30, respectively. Frequencies of K and A alleles were 0.60 and 0.40, respectively. The KK genotype was significantly (P 0.05) associated with higher fat yield. Therefore, the DGAT1 gene could serve as a genetic marker for the selection of fat yield in cows.

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