scholarly journals UK surface NO<sub>2</sub> levels dropped by 42 % during the COVID-19 lockdown: impact on surface O<sub>3</sub>

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 15743-15759
Author(s):  
James D. Lee ◽  
Will S. Drysdale ◽  
Doug P. Finch ◽  
Shona E. Wilde ◽  
Paul I. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Quality Objective ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. We report changes in surface nitrogen dioxide (NO2) across the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic when large and rapid emission reductions accompanied a nationwide lockdown (23 March–31 May 2020, inclusively), and compare them with values from an equivalent period over the previous 5 years. Data are from the Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN), which forms the basis of checking nationwide compliance with ambient air quality directives. We calculate that NO2 reduced by 42 %±9.8 % on average across all 126 urban AURN sites, with a slightly larger (48 %±9.5 %) reduction at sites close to the roadside (urban traffic). We also find that ozone (O3) increased by 11 % on average across the urban background network during the lockdown period. Total oxidant levels (Ox=NO2+O3) increased only slightly on average (3.2 %±0.2 %), suggesting the majority of this change can be attributed to photochemical repartitioning due to the reduction in NOx. Generally, we find larger, positive Ox changes in southern UK cities, which we attribute to increased UV radiation and temperature in 2020 compared to previous years. The net effect of the NO2 and O3 changes is a sharp decrease in exceedances of the NO2 air quality objective limit for the UK, with only one exceedance in London in 2020 up until the end of May. Concurrent increases in O3 exceedances in London emphasize the potential for O3 to become an air pollutant of concern as NOx emissions are reduced in the next 10–20 years.

scholarly journals UK surface NO<sub>2</sub> levels dropped by 42 % during the COVID-19 lockdown: impact on surface O<sub>3</sub>

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Lee ◽  
Will S. Drysdale ◽  
Doug P. Finch ◽  
Shona E. Wilde ◽  
Paul I. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Quality Objective ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. We report changes in surface nitrogen dioxide (NO2) across the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic when large and rapid emission reductions accompanied a nationwide lockdown (23rd March–31st May, 2020, inclusively), and compare them with values from an equivalent period over the previous five years. Data are from the Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) that form the basis of checking nationwide compliance with ambient air quality directives. We calculate that NO2 reduced by 42 % on average across all 126 urban AURN sites, with a slightly larger (48 %) reduction at sites close to the roadside (urban traffic). We also find that ozone (O3) increased by 11 % on average across the urban background network during the lockdown period. Total oxidant levels (Ox = NO2 + O3) increased only slightly on average (3 %), suggesting the majority of this change can be attributed to photochemical repartitioning due to the reduction in NOx. Generally, we find larger, positive Ox changes in southern UK cities which we attribute to increased UV radiation and temperature in 2020 compared to previous years. The net effect of the NO2 and O3 changes is a sharp decrease in exceedances of the NO2 air quality objective limit for the UK, with only one exceedance in London in 2020 up until the end of May. Concurrent increases in O3 exceedances in London emphasize the potential for O3 to become an air pollutant of concern as NOx emissions are reduced in the next 10–20 years.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Quality of Karachi City as Reflected by Atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM10) Concentrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Durdana Rais Hashmi ◽  
Akhtar Shareef
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Pm10 Mass

The present study examines the variation of ambient aerosol (PM10) concentrations in Karachi, city. Samples were collected from ten different locations, representative of urban background, residential, traffic and industrial areas from 2007 to 2011. At each location, PM10 was measured continuously from 08:00 am to 06:00 pm at local time. The maximum 10 h average particulate matter (PM10) mass concentrations were found at Tibet Centre (440.1mg/m3) and minimum at PCSIR Campus (21.7mg/m3) during 2008. A rising trend during 2008 may be due to the civil works for bridges and extension of roads at different locations in Karachi. The results also suggest that urban traffic and industrial areas appeared to have higher PM10 concentration than residential and background areas.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Annual Mortality Attributable to Ambient PM2.5 in Bangkok, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel R. Fold ◽  
Mary R. Allison ◽  
Berkley C. Wood ◽  
Pham T. B. Thao ◽  
Sebastien Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Air Quality Standards ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standards

Multiple studies indicate that PM2.5 is the most deleterious air pollutant for which there are ambient air quality standards. Daily concentrations of PM2.5 in Bangkok, Thailand, continuously exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Thai National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs). Bangkok has only recently begun to measure concentrations of PM2.5. To overcome this paucity of data, daily PM2.5/PM10 ratios were generated over the period 2012–2018 to interpolate missing values. Concentration-response coefficients (β values) for PM2.5 versus non-accidental, cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer mortalities were derived from the literature. Values were also estimated and were found to be comparable to those reported in the literature for a Chinese population, but considerably lower than those reported in the literature from the United States. These findings strongly suggest that specific regional β values should be used to accurately quantify the number of premature deaths attributable to PM2.5 in Asian populations. Health burden analysis using the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP) showed that PM2.5 concentration in Bangkok contributes to 4240 non-accidental, 1317 cardiopulmonary, and 370 lung cancer mortalities annually. Further analysis showed that the attainment of PM2.5 levels to the NAAQSs and WHO guideline would reduce annual premature mortality in Bangkok by 33%and 75%, respectively.

Respiratory Symptoms and Spirometric Observations in Relation to Atmospheric Pollutants in a Sample of Urban Population

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Satish Kumar ◽  
C.E. Prasad ◽  
N. Balakrishna ◽  
K. Visweswara Rao ◽  
P. Uma Maheswara Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean

The prevalence of respiratory problems and the ventilatory functions in subjects belonging to three sample areas with different levels of pollution was studied to ascertain if there is any association between air pollutant levels and abnormal ventilatory functions. The predominant activity existing in that area served as the basis for stratification of the city into industrial (Group I), commercial (Group II) and residential (Group III) areas. Ambient air quality data of suspended particulate matter SPM, SO2 and NOx of the three sample areas were measured using standard methods. 216 men included in the study were administered the American Thoracic Society - Division of Lung Diseases ATS-DLD respiratory questionnaire, clinically examined and subjected to routine laboratory investigations. Spirometry and salbutamol reversibility tests were performed as per the ATS guidelines 1991. The mean and peak levels of SPM in the commercial area and the peak levels in the residential area were higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The mean and peak levels of NOx and SO2 in all the three areas were lower than the NAAQS. A high prevalence of ∼ 30-50% of respiratory symptoms was reported in the present study. Respiratory and ventilatory abnormalities were higher in the commercial areas, which are associated with the higher mean and peak levels of SO 2 and the peak levels of NOx. The pollution control measures should also aim at the peak levels of pollutants as they have been shown to exacerbate the respiratory symptoms in the present study. Asia Pac J Public Health 2000;12(2): 58-64

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System in Jakarta: A Literatur Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Gunawan ◽  
Riri Asyahira ◽  
Filson M Sidjabat
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Ambient Air Quality

<p>As the first step to air pollution control and public health protection, Air quality monitoring systems provides information that indicate the extend of pollution in an area, the source of pollution and the types of pollutants. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate Jakarta’s air quality monitoring system by comparing it to the US, which participates in Indonesia’s air quality monitoring system by using their own system.  In specific, parameters such as air quality index, monitoring stations, regulation and data availability are to be compared through reviewing various literatures in detail.  The result obtained shows that the monitoring station amount is already ideal and complies to the U.S regulation. Indonesia’s ambient air quality standard need to be stricter and Air Pollutant Standard Index should include PM<sub>2.5</sub> as a parameter obtains significantly better results. Air quality data is available and accessible, although it needs to be integrated and provide real time information in a simple and effective way.</p>

Impact of NOx Emissions Released from a Gas Turbine-Based Power Plant on the Ambient Air Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Sabah Abdul-Wahab ◽  
Sulaiman Fadlallah ◽  
Almundher Alnaamani
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Ambient Air Quality

scholarly journals Metode Weighted Product Untuk Pendukung Keputusan Penilaian Pencemaran Udara Berdasarkan Limbah Gas dan Kualitas Udara Ambien

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiedya Putri Hartarani ◽  
Wildan Mahmud ◽  
Ery Mintorini
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
The Village

This study aims to determine the level of air pollution based on gas waste and ambient air quality, so it can be known which chimney releases waste gas the most and the least. It also knows which villages are most affected and safest from gas waste from PG Mojopanggung. Weighted Product method is used to calculate the level of air pollution. The results showed that from the side of the gas waste, the Stork I Boiler Chimney is the most discharging chimney gas waste, while the value of pollution by chimney kettle in PG Mojopanggung all does not exceed the standard quality that has been determined. Conversely, in terms of ambient air quality, Jatimulyo village is the village most affected by gas waste from PG Mojopanggung. There are some air pollutants that exceed the specified quality standard but not too much difference. To overcome the air pollutant that exceeds the quality standard, PG Mojopanggung performs the gas waste treatment and several other solutions.

scholarly journals Association of Ambient Air Quality with Male’s Pulmonary Function in Kolkata City, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
P Chatterjee ◽  
P Das
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Background Kolkata is one of the polluted metropolitan cities in India where health effects of air pollution are raising serious concern.Objectives Purpose of the present study was to analyze association between levels of air pollutants and pulmonary function of adult males living in two different air pollutant zones of Kolkata.Methods Air pollution data of two ambient air quality monitoring stations located at Rabindrabharati and Victoria Memorial was collected from West Bengal Pollution Control Board, Kolkata for the period from January to March 2012. Study was conducted on 200 males (17-22 yrs), subdivided into two groups from living within 3 km radius of that two monitoring stations. They were investigated for their spirometric lung functions following method and technique recommended by American Thoracic Society. Results were expressed as mean ± SD and independent samples T test was conducted to compare between groups.Results PM10, SO2 concentrations were significantly higher in Rabindrabharati zone, whereas no significant differences were noted in NO2 and CO concentrations though values were higher at Rabindrabharati than Victoria Memorial. FVC, FEV1 , FEF25-75%, MVV were significantly lower in males of Rabindrabharati zone.Conclusion Exposure to high air pollutant concentration might be associated with reduced pulmonary function in adult males.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2015; 24-28

scholarly journals IMPACT OF URBAN LAND USES AND ACTIVITES ON THE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA FROM 2014 TO 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Hoon Leh Ling ◽  
Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi ◽  
Jie Kwong Qi ◽  
Nurul Ashikin Mabahwi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
The Impact

Ambient air in the urban area normally is more polluted than less developed areas. This is due to the concentration of urban activities, such as industrial, transportations and commercial or business activities. A study about the impact of urban land uses and activities on the levels of air pollutants in Malaysia’s most urbanised and most developed region that is Klang Valley was conducted. Data of Air Pollutant Index (API) and average concentration of selected air pollutants were used to analyse the ambient air quality of the selected five (5) cities or towns in Klang Valley. The air quality condition of the five (5) cities or towns were related to the land use distributions of the cities or towns with a purpose to understand the impact of land uses on the ambient air quality. Furthermore, the changes of ambient air quality before and after Movement Control Order (MCO) were analysed to examine the impact of human activity changes on the ambient air quality. The study found that a city or a town with more industrial and transportation land uses with fewer greens was more polluted than the area with less industrial and transportation land uses with more greens. However, this finding did not apply to all areas due to effect of winds on the distribution of air pollutants. Besides that, because of MCO, most people stayed at home with the mode of “work from home” that caused air pollutant levels in urban areas to decrease due to less urban activities. Nevertheless, there was a risk of an increase in air pollution levels in residential areas due to the concentration of activities, especially driving motor vehicles in residential areas. A recommendation is given to encourage “work from home” and reduce dependency on auto-mobile in residential areas in order to improve the air quality in urban areas.

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