scholarly journals Modeling air pollution in Lebanon: evaluation at a suburban site in Beirut

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 29571-29606 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Waked ◽  
C. Seigneur ◽  
F. Couvidat ◽  
Y. Kim ◽  
K. Sartelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Capital City ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nested Grids ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Air Pollution Episodes ◽  
Pollution Episodes

Abstract. Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon, which is located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean basin, experiences high air pollution episodes. Annual average concentrations of coarse and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as well as nitrogen oxides (NOx) often exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Therefore, improving air quality in this region is essential. The Polyphemus/Polair3D modeling system is used here to investigate air pollution episodes in Beirut during 2–18 July 2011. The modeling domain covers two nested grids of 1 and 5 km horizontal resolution over the greater Beirut and Lebanon, respectively. The anthropogenic emission inventory was developed earlier (Waked et al., 2012). The Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model is used to generate the meteorological fields and the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) is used for biogenic emissions. The results of the study are compared to measurements from a field campaign conducted in the suburb of Beirut during 2–18 July 2011. The model reproduces satisfactorily the concentrations of most gaseous pollutants, the total mass of PM2.5 as well as PM2.5 elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and sulfate.

scholarly journals Modeling air pollution in Lebanon: evaluation at a suburban site in Beirut during summer

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 5873-5886 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Waked ◽  
C. Seigneur ◽  
F. Couvidat ◽  
Y. Kim ◽  
K. Sartelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Nested Grids ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Air Pollution Episodes ◽  
Pollution Episodes

Abstract. Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, which is located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean basin, experiences high air pollution episodes. Annual average concentrations of coarse and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as well as nitrogen oxides (NOx) often exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Therefore, improving air quality in this region is essential. The Polyphemus/Polair3D modeling system is used here to investigate air pollution episodes in Beirut during 2 to 18 July 2011. The modeling domain covers two nested grids of 1 and 5 km horizontal resolution over greater Beirut and Lebanon, respectively. The anthropogenic emission inventory was developed earlier (Waked et al., 2012). The Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model is used to generate the meteorological fields and the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) is used for biogenic emissions. The results of the study are compared to measurements from a field campaign conducted in the suburb of Beirut during 2–18 July 2011. The model reproduces satisfactorily the concentrations of most gaseous pollutants, the total mass of PM2.5 as well as PM2.5 elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and sulfate. Ozone concentrations are overestimated and it appears that this overestimation results mainly from the boundary conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Cookstoves and Wood Cooking Fires on PM2.5 Trends in Brick Workers’ Homes in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5681
Author(s):  
James D. Johnston ◽  
Megan E. Hawks ◽  
Haley B. Johnston ◽  
Laurel A. Johnson ◽  
John D. Beard
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Prior studies document a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms among brick workers in Nepal, which may be partially caused by non-occupational exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from cooking. In this study, we compared PM2.5 levels and 24 h trends in brick workers’ homes that used wood or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cooking fuel. PM2.5 filter-based and real-time nephelometer data were collected for approximately 24 h in homes and outdoors. PM2.5 was significantly associated with fuel type and location (p < 0.0001). Pairwise comparisons found significant differences between gas, indoor (geometric mean (GM): 79.32 μg/m3), and wood, indoor (GM: 541.14 μg/m3; p = 0.0002), and between wood, indoor, and outdoor (GM: 48.38 μg/m3; p = 0.0006) but not between gas, indoor, and outdoor (p = 0.56). For wood fuel homes, exposure peaks coincided with mealtimes. For LPG fuel homes, indoor levels may be explained by infiltration of ambient air pollution. In both wood and LPG fuel homes, PM2.5 levels exceeded the 24 h limit (25.0 µg/m3) proposed by the World Health Organization. Our findings suggest that increasing the adoption of LPG cookstoves and decreasing ambient air pollution in the Kathmandu valley will significantly lower daily PM2.5 exposures of brick workers and their families.

scholarly journals Tradeoffs between air pollution mitigation and meteorological response in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Upadhyay ◽  
Sagnik Dey ◽  
Sourangsu Chowdhury ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Pramila Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emission Pathway ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract To curb the staggering health burden attributed to air pollution, the sustainable solution for India would be to reduce emissions in future. Here we project ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure in India for the year 2030 under two contrasting air pollution emission pathways for two different climate scenarios based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). All-India average PM2.5 is expected to increase from 41.4 ± 26.5 μg m−3 in 2010 to 61.1 ± 40.8 and 58.2 ± 37.5 μg m−3 in 2030 under RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios, respectively if India follows the current legislation (baseline) emission pathway. In contrast, ambient PM2.5 in 2030 would be 40.2 ± 27.5 (for RCP8.5) and 39.2 ± 25.4 (for RCP4.5) μg m−3 following the short-lived climate pollutant (SLCP) mitigation emission pathway. We find that the lower PM2.5 in the mitigation pathway (34.2% and 32.6%, respectively for RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 relative to the baseline emission pathway) would come at a cost of 0.3–0.5 °C additional warming due to the direct impact of aerosols. The premature mortality burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 exposure is expected to rise from 2010 to 2030, but 381,790 (5–95% confidence interval, CI 275,620–514,600) deaths can be averted following the mitigation emission pathway relative to the baseline emission pathway. Therefore, we conclude that given the expected large health benefit, the mitigation emission pathway is a reasonable tradeoff for India despite the meteorological response. However, India needs to act more aggressively as the World Health Organization (WHO) annual air quality guideline (10 µg m−3) would remain far off.

Extreme heat and acute air pollution episodes: A need for joint public health warnings?

2021 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 118249
Author(s):  
Mathilde Pascal ◽  
Vérène Wagner ◽  
Anna Alari ◽  
Magali Corso ◽  
Alain Le Tertre
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Air Pollution Episodes ◽  
Pollution Episodes

Comparisons of two serious air pollution episodes in winter and summer in Beijing

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nianliang Cheng ◽  
Yunting Li ◽  
Bingfen Cheng ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Fan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Episodes ◽  
Pollution Episodes

scholarly journals A Further Study of High Air Pollution Episodes in Taiwan Using the Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP-5HE)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che-Ming CHANG ◽  
Long-Nan CHANG ◽  
Hui-Chuan HSIAO ◽  
Fang-Chuan LU ◽  
Ping-Fei SHIEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Temperature Profiler ◽  
Air Pollution Episodes ◽  
Pollution Episodes

scholarly journals Measurement report: Fourteen months of real-time characterisation of the submicronic aerosol and its atmospheric dynamics at the Marseille–Longchamp supersite

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 7293-7319
Author(s):  
Benjamin Chazeau ◽  
Brice Temime-Roussel ◽  
Grégory Gille ◽  
Boualem Mesbah ◽  
Barbara D'Anna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
World Health ◽  
Land Breeze ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Shipping Traffic ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Pollution Episodes

Abstract. This study reports results of PM1 chemical composition determined using a Time-of-Flight Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ToF-ACSM) over a 14-month period (1 February 2017–13 April 2018) at the Marseille–Longchamp supersite (MRS-LCP) in France. Parallel measurements were performed with an aethalometer, an ultrafine particle monitor and a suite of instruments to monitor regulated pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NOx, O3 and SO2). The average PM1 chemical composition over the period was dominated by organic aerosol (OA; 49.7 %) and black carbon (BC; 17.1 %), while sulfate accounted for 14.6 %, nitrate for 10.2 %, ammonium for 7.9 % and chloride for 0.5 % only. Wintertime was found to be the season contributing the most to the annual PM1 mass concentration (30 %), followed by autumn (26 %), summer (24 %) and spring (20 %). During this season, OA and BC concentrations were found to contribute 32 % and 31 % of their annual concentrations, respectively, as a combined result of heavy urban traffic, high emissions from residential heating and low planetary boundary layer (PBL) height. Most (75 %) of the 15 days exceeding the target daily PM2.5 concentration value recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) occurred during this season. Local and long-range pollution episodes with contrasting chemical composition could be distinguished, accounting for 40 % and 60 % of the exceedance days, respectively. Enhanced OA and BC concentrations, mostly originating from domestic wood burning under nocturnal land breeze conditions, were observed during local pollution episodes, while high levels of oxygenated OA and inorganic nitrate were associated with medium-/long-range transported particles. In summertime, substantially higher concentrations of sulfate were found, with an average and a maximum contribution to the PM1 mass of 24 % and 66 %, respectively. Results from k-means clustering analysis of daily profiles of sulfate concentrations clearly reveal the significant influence of local harbour/industrial activities on air quality in addition to the more regional contribution of shipping traffic that originates from the Mediterranean basin.

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