scholarly journals Influence of oil and gas field operations on spatial and temporal distributions of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons and their effect on ozone formation in winter

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 24943-24984
Author(s):  
R. A. Field ◽  
J. Soltis ◽  
M. C. McCarthy ◽  
S. Murphy ◽  
D. C. Montague
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Green River Basin ◽  
Green River ◽  
Mixing Ratios

Abstract. Emissions from oil and natural gas development during winter in the Upper Green River Basin of Wyoming are known to drive episodic ozone (O3) production. Contrasting O3 distributions were observed in the winters of 2011 and 2012, with numerous episodes in 2011 compared to none in 2012. During 2011 wintertime O3 episodes at two sites near Boulder Wyoming, situated ∼5 km apart, were observed to sometimes differ. In 2012 the lack of O3 episodes coincided with a reduction in ambient levels of total non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC). Measurements of speciated NMHC, and other air quality parameters, were performed to better understand emission sources and to determine which compounds are most active in promoting O3 formation. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analyses of the data were carried out to help achieve these goals. PMF analyses revealed three contributing factors that were identified with different emission source types: factor 1, combustion/traffic; factor 2, fugitive natural gas; and factor 3, fugitive condensate. Compositional signatures of three contributing factors were identified through comparison with independently derived emission source profiles. Fugitive emissions of natural gas and of condensate were the two principal emission source types for NMHC. A water treatment and recycling facility was found to be a significant source of condensate range NMHC, in particular toluene and m+p-xylene. Emissions from water treatment have an influence upon peak O3 mixing ratios at downwind measurement sites.

scholarly journals Influence of oil and gas field operations on spatial and temporal distributions of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons and their effect on ozone formation in winter

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 3527-3542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Field ◽  
J. Soltis ◽  
M. C. McCarthy ◽  
S. Murphy ◽  
D. C. Montague
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Green River Basin ◽  
Green River ◽  
Mixing Ratios

Abstract. Emissions from oil and natural gas development during winter in the Upper Green River basin of Wyoming are known to drive episodic ozone (O3) production. Contrasting O3 distributions were observed in the winters of 2011 and 2012, with numerous episodes (hourly O3 ≥ 85 ppbv) in 2011 compared to none in 2012. The lack of O3 episodes in 2012 coincided with a reduction in measured ambient levels of total non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC). Measurements of speciated NMHC, and other air quality parameters, were performed to better understand emission sources and to determine which compounds are most active in promoting O3 formation. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses of the data were carried out to help achieve these goals. PMF analyses revealed three contributing factors that were identified with different emission source types: factor 1, combustion/traffic; factor 2, fugitive natural gas; and factor 3, fugitive condensate. Compositional signatures of the three contributing factors were identified through comparison with independently derived emission source profiles. Fugitive emissions of natural gas and of condensate were the two principal emission source types for NMHC. A water treatment and recycling facility was found to be a significant source of NMHC that are abundant in condensate, in particular toluene and m+p-xylene. Emissions from water treatment have an influence upon peak O3 mixing ratios at downwind measurement sites.

scholarly journals Methane emissions in the Netherlands: The Groningen field

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara I. Yacovitch ◽  
Bruno Neininger ◽  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
Hugo Denier van der Gon ◽  
Sander Jonkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Individual Site

The Groningen natural gas field in the Netherlands – one of Europe’s major gas fields – deploys a “production cluster” infrastructure with extraction, some processing and storage in a single facility. This region is also the site of intensive agriculture and cattle operations. We present results from a multi-scale measurement campaign of methane emissions, including ground and airborne-based estimates. Results are compared with inventory at both the facility and regional level. Investigation of production cluster emissions in the Groningen gas field shows that production volume alone is not a good indicator of whether, and how much, a site is emitting methane. Sites that are nominally shut down may still be emitting, and vice-versa. As a result, the inventory emission factors applied to these sites (i.e. weighted by production) do a poor job of reproducing individual site emissions. Additional facility-level case studies are presented, including a plume at 150 ± 50 kg CH4 hr–1 with an unidentified off-shore emission source, a natural gas storage facility and landfills. Methane emissions in a study region covering 6000 km2 and including the majority of the Groningen field are dominated by biogenic sources (e.g. agriculture, wetlands, cattle). Total methane emissions (8 ± 2 Mg hr–1) are lower than inventory predictions (14 Mg hr–1) but the proportion of fossil fuel sources is higher than indicated by the inventory. Apportionment of methane emissions between thermogenic and biogenic source types used ethane/methane ratios in aircraft flasks and ground-based source characterization. We find that emissions from the oil and gas sector account for 20% of regional methane, with 95% confidence limits of (0%, 51%). The experimental uncertainties bound the inventory apportionment of 1.9%, though the central estimate of 20% exceeds this result by nearly 10 times. This study’s uncertainties demonstrate the need for additional research focusing on emissions apportionment, inventory refinement and offshore platforms.

THE GIPPSLAND OIL AND GAS FIELDS—FOUR YEARS OF PRODUCTION AND UTILISATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
M. A. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
The State ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Paper Mills

The discovery by the partnership of Esso Exploration and Production Australia Inc. and Hematite Petroleum Pty Ltd during the past eight years of the natural gas and crude oil fields off the east Victorian coast has often been compared to that of gold in the State in the 1850's in its impact .on the economic, industrial and social life of the community.To date the amount spent in the State on the discovery and overall development of these fields is approximately $600 million. The value of oil and gas recovered over the period of nearly four years since production commenced in 1969 and distributed and utilised by various means to 31 December 1972, amounts to about $500 million. In addition the value of refined products from Victoria's three refineries and items produced by industrial processes through the use of natural gas and petroleum products as fuels, amount to many more millions of dollars. The total impact on Victoria in one form or another could, if measured in monetary value, he equivalent to about $1200 million-all in the course of about eight years.Other States have also benefited. The building of tankers, barges, tugs and work boats and the modification of refineries in New South Wales and Queensland, have probably cost in the region of $200 million whilst indirectly the success of the Gippsland oil and gas discoveries has spurred other explorers to step up the search in many areas and, as far as natural gas is concerned, with considerable success.The speed and efficiency with which the four gas and oil fields developed to date were brought into production, the necessary treatment plants erected, the pipelines laid and distribution facilities organised; and with which the gas industry changed over to the new fuel and refineries modified their processes to use indigenous crudes have, by world standards, been exceptional. From the time the first gas field-Barracouta, was found in February 1965 until the last oil field in the program -Kingfish came fully on stream late in 1971, less than seven years elapsed.During that time Victorian fuel patterns underwent vast changes. Today over 95% of all gas consumers are using natural gas and about 70% of crude processed by local refineries comes from the Gippsland Basin. The significance of natural gas in particular is demonstrated by a 41% increase in gas sales in Victoria in 1971/72 over the previous twelve months and this trend is expected to accelerate as a result of recent arrangements for the supply of large volumes of this fuel to industrial plants including paper mills, cement works and an alumina smelter.Also of major significance to the State has been the development of the port of Western Port where the loading of tankers and LPG carriers has resulted in it becoming the State's second busiest port. Of less immediate impact but still of great value in the long term, has been the building of better roads and facilities needed to service the installations and the emergence of many valuable skills in the petroleum industry which will make easier the task of future development of new fields and facilities in Victoria and other parts of Australia.

Efficient Smoke Suppressant Reduces the Particulate Matter Emissions of Crude Oil Fired Gas Turbines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Vierling ◽  
Michel Moliere ◽  
Paul Glaser ◽  
Richard Denolle ◽  
Sathya Nayani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Score Card ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Abstract Gas turbines are often the master pieces of the utilities that power Oil and Gas (O&G) installations as they most often operate in off-grid mode and must reliably deliver the electric power and the steam streams required by all the Exploration/Production (EP) or refining processes. In addition to reliability, fuel flexibility is an important score card of gas turbines since they must permanently accommodate the type of fuel which is available on the particular O&G site. For instance, during the operation of an associated gas field, crude oil comes out from the well heads as the gas reserves are declining or depleted. The utility gas turbine must then be capable to successively burn natural gas and crude oil and often to co-fire both fuels. An important feature of crude oils is that their combustion tends to emit significantly more particulate matter (PM) than do distillate oil and natural gas as they contain some heavier hydrocarbon ends. Taking account of the fact that some alternative liquid fuels emit more particulates matter (PM) than distillate oils, GE has investigated a class of soot suppressant additives that have been previously tested on light distillate oil (No 2 DO). As a continuation of this development, these products have been field-tested at an important refining site where several Frame 6B gas turbines have been converted from natural gas to crude oil with some units running in cofiring mode. This field test showed that proper injections of these fuel additives, at quite moderate concentration levels, enable a substantial abatement of the PM emissions and reduction of flue gas opacity. This paper outlines the main outcomes of this field campaign and consolidates the overall results obtained with this smoke suppression technology.

Senegal’s Sall will ride out gas scandal furore

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

Subject Senegalese gas scandal. Significance A high-profile scandal implicating President Macky Sall's brother Aliou continues to prompt controversy. A BBC documentary aired last month alleging an improper relationship between controversial Romanian-Australian businessman Frank Timis and Aliou surrounding offshore natural gas field licences. Impacts The scandal may dent Senegal’s democratic credentials but is unlikely to dampen overall interest in the burgeoning oil and gas sector. Concerns will mount that Sall is gradually instituting a form of ‘civil authoritarianism’, with a growing clampdown on dissent. The youthful Ousmane Sonko, who placed third in the February elections, could use the scandal to bolster his anti-corruption credentials. Fears may grow that Sall could ultimately pursue a third-term bid, using a new 2016 constitution as his validation.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Aspects Associated with the Mixing of Formation Waters Injected Into the Hydrocarbon Reservoir

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Barbara Uliasz-Misiak ◽  
Katarzyna Chruszcz-Lipska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
The World ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits

Abstract Formation waters extracted with crude oil and natural gas, due to their amount and chemical composition can be a problem for petroleum companies operating hydrocarbon deposits. On average, the world generates 2 to 3 times more water than oil. On average, the world generates 2 to 3 times more water than crude oil. T he amount of extracted water increases with the time of exploitation of the deposit, in the case of deposits at the final stage of depletion, the amount of extracted water is 5 to 8 times bigger than petroleum. Formation waters from hydrocarbons deposits are usually the highly mineralized brines. Large quantities of highly mineralized waters extracted with crude oil and gas are disposed of in various ways or neutralized. T he most common way of disposing of these waters is by injecting them into rock mass. As a result of injection of reservoir waters into hydrocarbon deposits, the waters interact with the storage formations. In these formations, there may be numerous reactions of mineral water with the rock environment. T he injection of reservoir waters will also cause mixing of waters that can disturb the state of thermodynamic equilibrium and will alter the chemistry of these waters. It was analyzed by the geochemical modeling of the interaction of the reservoir waters of Przemyśl natural gas field. Using the PHREEQC program, the chemical reactions related to the mixing of reservoir waters of different chemical types have been studied. It has been found that is possible to precipitation appropriated minerals as a result of mixing water with different chemical composition.

scholarly journals SELECTING ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS FOR WATER TREATMENT MODULES IN THE OIL AND GAS FIELD AREAS OF THE FAR NORTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
G. M. Sanin ◽  
◽  
N. I. Rukobratsky ◽  
R. E. Baruzdin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Far North ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Introduction. The article provides data on engineering solutions for water treatment modules being part of the utility and drinking water supply complexes in small settlements located in the Far North, where low-turbidity, high-colored waters serve as the surface sources of water supply. These sources include the river networks of the Ob River (including the southern area of the Gulf of Ob, Kara Sea), Pur River, and Taz River (including the Gulf of Taz, Kara Sea). Methods. We present an analysis of the applied water treatment technologies, reagents, and materials, as well as water processing modes, and establish the reasons for the unsatisfactory performance of the operated water treatment modules implementing physical-and-chemical methods of water purification. Results. It is found that the use of granular materials as media for rapid filters (AS, MS, MZhF autocatalytic sorbents) is not very effective since they are intended for the purification of colorless groundwater with a high content of dissociated compounds of divalent iron and manganese. Throughout the year, the modules operate without account for seasonal fluctuations in the qualitative composition of the source water and with reagents that have lost their active properties. Conclusion. Based on the conducted studies, we propose engineering solutions for the purification of low-turbidity, high-colored waters of surface sources, making it possible to achieve target quality indicators complying with the best available technologies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document