scholarly journals Nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen use efficiency in response to nitrophosphate, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide and dicyandiamide of a wheat cultivated soil under sub-humid monsoon conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. X. Ding ◽  
Z. M. Chen ◽  
H. Y. Yu ◽  
J. F. Luo ◽  
G. Y. Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. A field experiment was designed to study the effects of nitrogen (N) source and urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) or nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and N use efficiency (NUE) in a sandy loam soil. Six treatments including no N fertilizer (control), N fertilizer urea alone (U), urea plus NBPT (NBPT), urea plus DCD (DCD), urea plus NBPT and DCD (NBPT plus DCD) and nitrate-based fertilizer nitrophosphate (NP) were designed and implemented separately during the wheat growth period. Seasonal cumulative N2O emissions with urea alone amounted to 0.49 ± 0.12 kg N2O-N ha−1 and were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced to 0.28 ± 0.03, 0.31 ± 0.01 and 0.26 ± 0.01 kg N2O-N ha−1 by application of DCD, NBPT and NBPT plus DCD, respectively. Cumulative N2O emissions from NP were 0.28 ± 0.01 kg N2O-N ha−1. A single N2O flux peak was identified following basal fertilization, and DCD and/or NBPT inhibition effects mainly occurred during the peak emission period. The NP application significantly (P < 0.05) increased wheat yield by 12.3% and NUE from 28.8% (urea alone) to 35.9%, while urease and/or nitrification inhibitors showed a slight increase effect. Our results clearly indicated that the application of urea as basal fertilizer, but not as supplemental fertilizer, together with DCD and NBPT is an effective practice to reduce N2O emissions. The application of NP instead of urea would be an optimum agricultural strategy for reducing N2O emissions and increasing crop yield and NUE for wheat cultivation in soils of the North China Plain.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen use efficiency in response to nitrophosphate, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide and dicyandiamide of a wheat cultivated soil under sub-humid monsoon conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 13571-13603 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. X. Ding ◽  
Z. M. Chen ◽  
H. Y. Yu ◽  
J. F. Luo ◽  
G. Y. Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. A field experiment was designed to study the effects of nitrogen (N) source and urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) or nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and N use efficiency (NUE) in a sandy loam soil. Six treatments including no N fertilizer (control), N fertilizer urea alone (U), urea plus NBPT (NBPT), urea plus DCD (DCD), urea plus NBPT and DCD (NBPT + DCD), and nitrate-based fertilizer nitrophosphate (NP) were designed and implemented separately during the wheat growth period. Seasonal cumulative N2O emissions with urea alone amounted to 0.49 ± 0.12 and were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced to 0.28 ± 0.03, 0.31 ± 0.01 and 0.26 ± 0.01kg N2O-N ha−1 by application of DCD, NBPT and NBPT + DCD, respectively. Cumulative N2O emissions from NP were 0.28 ± 0.01kg N2O-N ha−1. A single N2O flux peak was identified following basal fertilization, and DCD and/or NBPT inhibition effects mainly occurred during the peak emission period. The NP application significantly (P < 0.05) increased wheat yield by 12.3% and NUE from 28.8% (urea alone) to 35.9%, while urease and/or nitrification inhibitors showed a slight increase effect. Our results clearly indicated that the application of urea as basal fertilizer, but not as supplemental fertilizer, together with DCD and NBPT is an effective practice to reduce N2O emissions. The application of NP instead of urea would be an optimum agricultural strategy for reducing N2O emissions and increasing crop yield and NUE for wheat cultivation in soils of the North China Plain.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrification inhibitors (DCD and DMPP) on nitrous oxide emission, crop yield and nitrogen uptake in a wheat-maize cropping system

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 711-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Liu ◽  
K. Wang ◽  
X. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Soil Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Abstract. The application of nitrification inhibitors together with ammonium-based fertilizers is proposed as a potent method to decrease nitrous oxide (N2O) emission while promoting yield and nitrogen use efficiency in fertilized agricultural fields. To evaluate the effects of nitrification inhibitors, we conducted year-round measurements of N2O fluxes, yield, aboveground biomass, plant carbon and nitrogen contents, soil inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon contents and the main environmental factors for urea (U), urea + dicyandiamide (DCD) and urea + 3,4-dimethylpyrazol-phosphate (DMPP) treatments in a wheat-maize rotation field. The cumulative N2O emissions were calculated to be 4.49 ± 0.21, 2.93 ± 0.06 and 2.78 ± 0.16 kg N ha−1 yr−1 for the U, DCD and DMPP treatments, respectively. Therefore, the DCD and DMPP treatments decreased the annual emissions by 35% and 38%, respectively. The variations of soil temperature, moisture and inorganic nitrogen content regulated the seasonal fluctuation of N2O emissions. When the emissions presented clearly temporal variations, year-round and high-frequency measurements should be adopted to estimate annual cumulative emissions and treatment effects. The application of nitrification inhibitors increased the soil inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon availability and shifted the main soil inorganic nitrogen form from nitrate to ammonium. The annual yield, aboveground biomass and nitrogen uptake by aboveground plants increased by 8.5–9.1%, 8.6–9.7% and 10.9–13.2%, respectively, for the DCD and DMPP treatments compared with the U treatment. The results demonstrate the roles the nitrification inhibitors play in enhancing yield and nitrogen use efficiency and reducing N2O emission from the wheat-maize cropping system.

scholarly journals Nitrous Oxide Emission from Forage Plantain and Perennial Ryegrass Swards Is Affected by Belowground Resource Allocation Dynamics

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1936
Author(s):  
John Kormla Nyameasem ◽  
Enis Ben Halima ◽  
Carsten Stefan Malisch ◽  
Bahar S. Razavi ◽  
Friedhelm Taube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Soil–plant interactions affecting nitrous oxide (N2O) are not well-understood, and experimental data are scarce. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in a 3 × 3 full factorial design, comprising three mineral N fertilizer rates (0, 150 and 300 kg N ha−1) applied to monoculture swards and a binary mixture of Plantago lanceolata and Lolium perenne. The parameters measured included daily N2O emissions, aboveground (AG) and belowground biomass (BG), N and C yields, as well as leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity in the soil as an indicator for soil microbial activity. Nitrous oxide emission and LAP were measured using the static chamber method and fluorimetric microplate assays, respectively. Cumulative N2O emissions were about two times higher for P. lanceolata than L. perenne monoculture swards or the mixture (p < 0.05). The binary mixtures also showed the highest N use efficiency and LAP activity, which significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the C concentration in the belowground biomass. Plantago lanceolata was generally ineffective at reducing N2O emissions, probably due to the young age of the swards. Among the biological factors, N2O emission was significantly associated with biomass productivity, belowground C yield, belowground N use efficiency and soil microbial activity. Thus, the results suggested belowground resource allocation dynamics as a possible means by which swards impacted N2O emission from the soils. However, a high N deposition might reduce the N2O mitigation potential of grasslands.

scholarly journals Effect of straw incorporation and nitrification inhibitor on nitrous oxide emission in various cropland soils and its microbial mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabo Zhang ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Juntao Wang ◽  
Hangwei Hu ◽  
Jizheng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nosz Gene ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Straw Incorporation

Nitrification inhibitor and straw incorporation are widely used to improve crop nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural soil, but their effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission across different soil types and the microbial mechanisms remain less understood. In this study, we used controlled experiment and DNA-based molecular analysis to study how nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide, DCD) and straw incorporation affect soil nitrogen balance, N2O emission and microbial nitrifiers/denitrifers in three distinct agricultural soils (the black, fluvo-aquic and red soils) across China. Both DCD and straw incorporation improved nitrogen balance by increasing NH4+ and decreasing NO3- in all soils. DCD tended to decrease N2O emission from all soils especially the Fluvo-aquic one, while straw incorporation reduced N2O emission only in the fluvo-aquic soil but increased N2O emission in the other two especially the red soil (by ~600%). T-RFLP analysis revealed that the denitriers community structure are distinct among the three soils, but was not strongly affected by DCD or straw incorporation. qPCR analysis revealed that DCD or straw incorporation had no significant effect on nitrifier abundance, but increased nitrous oxide reductase nosZ gene abundance in the black/fluvo-aquic soil rather than the red soil. Structural equational modelling further confirmed that, when accounting for treatments and soil properties, nosZ gene abundance is the only biological factor significantly determined N2O emission in different soil types. Taken together, our work advanced the knowledge on the agricultural practices and N2O emission in cropland soils, and suggested that straw incorporation may not be a good choice for the red and black soil areas; management practices should be used as per soil type to balance between nitrogen use efficiency and N2O emission.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrification inhibitors (DCD and DMPP) on nitrous oxide emission, crop yield and nitrogen uptake in a wheat–maize cropping system

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2427-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Liu ◽  
K. Wang ◽  
X. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Soil Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Abstract. The application of nitrification inhibitors together with ammonium-based fertilizers is proposed as a potent method to decrease nitrous oxide (N2O) emission while promoting crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency in fertilized agricultural fields. To evaluate the effects of nitrification inhibitors, we conducted year-round measurements of N2O fluxes, yield, aboveground biomass, plant carbon and nitrogen contents, soil inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon contents and the main environmental factors for urea (U), urea &amp;plus; dicyandiamide (DCD) and urea &amp;plus; 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) treatments in a wheat–maize rotation field. The cumulative N2O emissions were calculated to be 4.49 &amp;pm; 0.21, 2.93 &amp;pm; 0.06 and 2.78 &amp;pm; 0.16 kg N ha−1 yr−1 for the U, DCD and DMPP treatments, respectively. Therefore, the DCD and DMPP treatments significantly decreased the annual emissions by 35% and 38%, respectively (p < 0.01). The variations of soil temperature, moisture and inorganic nitrogen content regulated the seasonal fluctuation of N2O emissions. When the emissions presented clearly temporal variations, high-frequency measurements or optimized sampling schedule for intermittent measurements would likely provide more accurate estimations of annual cumulative emission and treatment effect. The application of nitrification inhibitors significantly increased the soil inorganic nitrogen content (p < 0.01); shifted the main soil inorganic nitrogen form from nitrate to ammonium; and tended to increase the dissolved organic carbon content, crop yield, aboveground biomass and nitrogen uptake by aboveground plant. The results demonstrate the roles the nitrification inhibitors play in enhancing yield and nitrogen use efficiency and reducing N2O emission from the wheat–maize cropping system.

The effect of increasing rates of nitrogen fertiliser and a nitrification inhibitor on nitrous oxide emissions from urine patches on sheep grazed hill country pasture

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coby J. Hoogendoorn ◽  
Cecile A. M. de Klein ◽  
Alison J. Rutherford ◽  
Selai Letica ◽  
Brian P. Devantier
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Sheep Urine

Urine deposited by grazing animals represents the largest source of N2O emissions in New Zealand. Sheep-grazed hill pastures are an important component of New Zealand pastoral land, but information on N2O emissions from these areas is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing rates of fertiliser nitrogen and of a nitrification inhibitor on N2O emissions from urine patches. The study was carried out in grazed paddock-scale trials at the Ballantrae and Invermay Research Stations, New Zealand. The fertiliser N treatments were 0, 100, 300 and 750 (500 for Invermay) kg N/ha.year. Nitrous oxide measurements were conducted in the spring of 2005 and 2006, following applications of synthetic sheep urine with or without dicyandiamide (DCD) in these four N treatments. In both years and at both sites, N2O emissions increased with N fertiliser application rate in both urine and non-urine affected areas. The addition of DCD to the synthetic urine reduced N2O emissions from the urine affected areas during the measurement period by 60–80% at Ballantrae and by 40% at Invermay. The N2O emission factors for the artificial sheep urine (expressed as N2O-N lost as % of N applied) ranged from 0.01 to 1.06%, with the higher values generally found in the high N fertiliser treatments. The N2O emission factors were generally less than or similar to those from sheep urine applied to flat land pasture.

Nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils in response to nitrification inhibitor and N-fertilizer amount

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeem Tariq ◽  
Klaus Steenberg Larsen ◽  
Line Vinther Hansen ◽  
Lars Stoumann Jensen ◽  
Sander Bruun
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Spring Rape

&lt;p&gt;Nitrogen (N) fertilization in agricultural soils significantly contributes to the atmospheric increase of nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O). Application of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) is a promising strategy to mitigate N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions and improve N use efficiency in agricultural systems. We studied the effect of 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) as an NI on N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O mitigation from soils with spring barley and spring rape. We used both manual and automatic chamber technologies to capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions. Intensive manual chamber measurements were conducted two months after fertilization and fortnightly afterwards. A mini-plot experiment with different levels (0 %, 50 %, 100 %, 150 %, and 200 %) of standard N fertilizer application and 100% N with NI was also conducted for two months in soil planted with spring barley. N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions were affected by the N amount and by the use of NI. Higher emissions were observed in treatments with high N levels and without NI. The effect of NI in reducing N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions from spring barley plots was significant in the small chamber experiments, where NI reduced N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions by 47 % in the first two months after fertilization. However, the effect of NI on N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O reduction was non-significant in the full-plot chamber experiment for the whole season. In contrast, NI significantly reduced (56 %) the seasonal N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions from the soils planted with spring rape. After the initial peaks following the fertilizer application, high N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes were observed following substantial rain events. The continuous flux measurements in automated chambers showed the dynamic of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O changes during the whole season, including some peaks that were unobservable with manual chambers because of the low temporal resolution. The concentration of nitrate was higher in the soils treated with mineral N without NI compared to soils treated with NI, which clearly showed the inhibition of the nitrification process with the application of NI. The grain and biomass yield were not affected by the use of NI. In conclusion, application of NI is an efficient mitigation technology for N2O emissions in the period following the fertilizer application, but had little effect on subsequent emissions following rain events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keywords: nitrification inhibitors, DMPP, nitrous oxide, mitigation, agricultural soils&lt;/p&gt;

Decomposition of dicyandiamide (DCD) in three contrasting soils and its effect on nitrous oxide emission, soil respiratory activity, and microbial biomass—an incubation study

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagrati Singh ◽  
S. Saggar ◽  
D. L. Giltrap ◽  
Nanthi S. Bolan
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Allophanic Soil

The objective of this work was to study the degradation kinetics of a nitrification inhibitor (NI), dicyandiamide (DCD), and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in different types of soils. Three soils contrasting in texture, mineralogy, and organic carbon (C) content were incubated alone (control) or with urine at 600 mg N/kg soil with 3 levels of DCD (0, 10, and 20 mg/kg). Emissions of N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured during the 58-day incubation. Simultaneously, subsamples were collected periodically from the incubating soils (40-day incubation) and the amounts of DCD, NH4+, and NO3− were determined. Our results showed that the half-life of DCD in these laboratory incubating soils at 25°C was 6–15 days and was longer at the higher rate of DCD application. Of the 3 soils studied, DCD degradation was fastest in the brown loam allophanic soil (Typic orthic allophanic) and slowest in the silt loam non-allophanic soil (Argillic-fragic Perch-gley Pallic). The differences in DCD degradation among these soils can be attributed to the differences in the adsorption of DCD and in the microbial activities of the soils. Among the 3 soils the highest reduction in N2O emissions with DCD from the urine application was measured in the non-allophanic silt loam soil followed by non-allophanic sandy loam soil and allophanic brown loam soil. There was no adverse impact of DCD application on soil respiratory activity or microbial biomass.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation on N2O Emissions in a Maize Crop Grown on Different Soil Types in Two Contrasting Seasons

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Lucia Ottaiano ◽  
Ida Di Mola ◽  
Paul Di Tommasi ◽  
Mauro Mori ◽  
Vincenzo Magliulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
N Content

Crop management and soil properties affect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cropping systems. Irrigation is one of the agronomical management practices that deeply affects soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Careful management of irrigation, also concerning to soil type, might mitigate the emissions of this powerful GHG from agricultural soils. In the Mediterranean area, despite the relevance of the agricultural sector to the overall economy and sustainable development, the topic of N2O emissions does not have the same importance as N2O fluxes in temperate agricultural areas. Only some research has discussed N2O emissions from Mediterranean cropping systems. Therefore, in this study, N2O emissions from different soil types (sandy-loam and clay soils) were analyzed in relation to the irrigation of a maize crop grown in two contrasting seasons (2009–2010). The irrigation was done using a center pivot irrigation system about twice a week. The N2O emissions were monitored throughout the two-years of maize crop growth. The emissions were measured with the accumulation technique using eight static chambers (four chambers per site). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the form of ammonium sulphate and urea with 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) nitrification inhibitors. In 2009, the N2O emissions and crop biomass measured in both soil types were lower than those measured in 2010. This situation was a lower amount of water and nitrogen (N) available to the crop. In 2010, the N2O fluxes were higher in the clay site than those in the sandy-loam site after the first fertilization, whereas an opposite trend was found after the second fertilization. The soil temperature, N content, and soil humidity were the main drivers for N2O emission during 2009, whereas during 2010, only the N content and soil humidity affected the nitrous oxide emissions. The research has demonstrated that crop water management deeply affects soil N2O emissions, acting differently for denitrification and nitrification. The soil properties affect N2O emission by influencing the microclimate conditions in the root zone, conditioning the N2O production.

scholarly journals Reducing nitrous oxide emissions from grazed winter forage crops

2012 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Van der Weerden ◽  
T.M. Styles
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Compacted Soil

Wintering cows on forage crops leads to urine being excreted onto wet, compacted soils. This is likely to result in significant gaseous emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), which may be reduced through strategic applications of nitrification inhibitors. A study was established on a winter swede crop to (i) determine N2O emissions from compacted soil treated with cattle urine, and (ii) quantify the effectiveness of a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), in reducing these emissions. Nitrous oxide emissions from the urine + compacted soil were significantly greater (P < 0.001) than from compacted soil without urine, with 3.2% of the urine-N being lost as N2O. DCD application significantly reduced this loss (P < 0.05) to 0.8% of the applied urine-N. Expressed at a paddock scale, total N2O emissions from the winter-grazed swede crop were 7.9 kg N ha-1, which was reduced to 3.4 kg N ha-1 when DCD was applied. Keywords: urine, dicyandiamide, nitrification inhibitor, soil compaction, nitrous oxide.

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