scholarly journals Effects of carbon turnover time on terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 5441-5454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaner Yan ◽  
Xuhui Zhou ◽  
Lifeng Jiang ◽  
Yiqi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Key Factor

Abstract. Carbon (C) turnover time is a key factor in determining C storage capacity in various plant and soil pools as well as terrestrial C sink in a changing climate. However, the effects of C turnover time on ecosystem C storage have not been well explored. In this study, we compared mean C turnover times (MTTs) of ecosystem and soil, examined their variability to climate, and then quantified the spatial variation in ecosystem C storage over time from changes in C turnover time and/or net primary production (NPP). Our results showed that mean ecosystem MTT based on gross primary production (GPP; MTTEC_GPP =  Cpool/GPP, 25.0 ± 2.7 years) was shorter than soil MTT (MTTsoil =  Csoil/NPP, 35.5 ± 1.2 years) and NPP-based ecosystem MTT (MTTEC_NPP =  Cpool/NPP, 50.8 ± 3 years; Cpool and Csoil referred to ecosystem or soil C storage, respectively). On the biome scale, temperature is the best predictor for MTTEC (R2 =  0.77, p < 0.001) and MTTsoil (R2 =  0.68, p < 0.001), while the inclusion of precipitation in the model did not improve the performance of MTTEC (R2 =  0.76, p < 0.001). Ecosystem MTT decreased by approximately 4 years from 1901 to 2011 when only temperature was considered, resulting in a large C release from terrestrial ecosystems. The resultant terrestrial C release caused by the decrease in MTT only accounted for about 13.5 % of that due to the change in NPP uptake (159.3 ± 1.45 vs. 1215.4 ± 11.0 Pg C). However, the larger uncertainties in the spatial variation of MTT than temporal changes could lead to a greater impact on ecosystem C storage, which deserves further study in the future.

scholarly journals Reduction of Global Plant Production due to Droughts from 2001 to 2010: An Analysis with a Process-Based Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liao ◽  
Qianlai Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Drought Impact ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

Abstract Droughts dramatically affect plant production of global terrestrial ecosystems. To date, quantification of this impact remains a challenge because of the complex plant physiological and biochemical processes associated with drought. Here, this study incorporates a drought index into an existing process-based terrestrial ecosystem model to estimate the drought impact on global plant production for the period 2001–10. Global Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) gross primary production (GPP) data products are used to constrain model parameters and verify the model algorithms. The verified model is then applied to evaluate the drought impact. The study indicates that droughts will reduce GPP by 9.8 g C m−2 month−1 during the study period. On average, drought reduces GPP by 10% globally. As a result, the global GPP decreased from 106.4 to 95.9 Pg C yr−1 while the global net primary production (NPP) decreased from 54.9 to 49.9 Pg C yr−1. This study revises the estimation of the global NPP and suggests that the future quantification of the global carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems should take the drought impact into account.

Response of tropical terrestrial gross primary production to the super El Niño event in 2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawen Zhu ◽  
Minghua Zhang ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Zeng ◽  
Xiangming Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Climate Data

&lt;p&gt;The Gross Primary Production (GPP) in tropical terrestrial ecosystems plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle and climate change. The strong 2015&amp;#8211;2016 El Ni&amp;#241;o event offers a unique opportunity to investigate how GPP in the tropical terrestrial ecosystems responds to climatic forcing. This study uses two GPP products and concurrent climate data to investigate the GPP anomalies and their underlying causes. We find that both GPP products show an enhanced GPP in 2015 for the tropical terrestrial ecosystem as a whole relative to the multi-year mean of 2001&amp;#8211;2015, and this enhancement is the net result of GPP increase in tropical forests and decrease in non-forests. We show that the increased GPP in tropical forests during the El Nino event is consistent with increased photosynthesis active radiation as a result of a reduction in clouds, while the decreased GPP in non-forests is consistent with increased water stress as a result of a reduction of precipitation and an increase of temperature. These results reveal the strong coupling of ecosystem and climate that is different in forest and non-forest ecosystems, and provide a test case for carbon cycle parameterization and carbon-climate feedback simulation in models.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Moderate forest disturbance as a stringent test for gap and big-leaf models

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bond-Lamberty ◽  
J. P. Fisk ◽  
J. A. Holm ◽  
V. Bailey ◽  
G. Bohrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Area Index ◽  
C Cycle

Abstract. Disturbance-induced tree mortality is a key factor regulating the carbon balance of a forest, but tree mortality and its subsequent effects are poorly represented processes in terrestrial ecosystem models. It is thus unclear whether models can robustly simulate moderate (non-catastrophic) disturbances, which tend to increase biological and structural complexity and are increasingly common in aging US forests. We tested whether three forest ecosystem models – Biome-BGC (BioGeochemical Cycles), a classic big-leaf model, and the ZELIG and ED (Ecosystem Demography) gap-oriented models – could reproduce the resilience to moderate disturbance observed in an experimentally manipulated forest (the Forest Accelerated Succession Experiment in northern Michigan, USA, in which 38% of canopy dominants were stem girdled and compared to control plots). Each model was parameterized, spun up, and disturbed following similar protocols and run for 5 years post-disturbance. The models replicated observed declines in aboveground biomass well. Biome-BGC captured the timing and rebound of observed leaf area index (LAI), while ZELIG and ED correctly estimated the magnitude of LAI decline. None of the models fully captured the observed post-disturbance C fluxes, in particular gross primary production or net primary production (NPP). Biome-BGC NPP was correctly resilient but for the wrong reasons, and could not match the absolute observational values. ZELIG and ED, in contrast, exhibited large, unobserved drops in NPP and net ecosystem production. The biological mechanisms proposed to explain the observed rapid resilience of the C cycle are typically not incorporated by these or other models. It is thus an open question whether most ecosystem models will simulate correctly the gradual and less extensive tree mortality characteristic of moderate disturbances.

scholarly journals The effects of carbon turnover time on terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaner Yan ◽  
Xuhui Zhou ◽  
Lifeng Jiang ◽  
Yiqi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Carbon Turnover ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Scale Temperature ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. Carbon (C) turnover time is a key factor in determining C storage capacity in various plant and soil pools and the magnitude of terrestrial C sink in a changing climate. However, the effects of C turnover time on C storage have not been well quantified for previous researches. Here, we first analyzed the difference among different definition of mean turnover time (MTT) including ecosystem MTT(MTTEC) and soil MTT (MTTsoil) and its variability in MTT to climate changes, and then evaluated the changes of ecosystem C storage driven by MTT changes. Our results showed that total GPP-based ecosystem MTT (MTTEC_GPP : 25.0 ± 2.7 years) was shorter than soil MTT (35.5 ± 1.2 years) and NPP-based ecosystem MTT (MTTEC_NPP:50.8 ± 3 years) MTTEC_GPP = Cpool/GPP &amp; MTTsoil = Csoil/NPP &amp; MTTEC_NPP = Cpool/NPP, Cpool and Csoil referring as the ecosystem or soil carbon storage, respectively). At the biome scale, temperature is still the predictor for MTTEC (R2 = 0.77, p 

scholarly journals Generation of High Resolution Vegetation Productivity from a Downscaling Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Zhiqiang Xiao ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Juanmin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Vegetation Productivity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Downscaling Method

Accurately estimating vegetation productivity is important in the research of terrestrial ecosystems, carbon cycles and climate change. Although several gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) products have been generated and many algorithms developed, advances are still needed to exploit multi-scale data streams for producing GPP and NPP with higher spatial and temporal resolution. In this paper, a method to generate high spatial resolution (30 m) GPP and NPP products was developed based on multi-scale remote sensing data and a downscaling method. First, high resolution fraction photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) and leaf area index (LAI) were obtained by using a regression tree approach and the spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (STARFM). Second, the GPP and NPP were estimated from a multi-source data synergized quantitative algorithm. Finally, the vegetation productivity estimates were validated with the ground-based field data, and were compared with MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and estimated Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) products. Results of this paper indicated that downscaling methods have great potential in generating high resolution GPP and NPP.

scholarly journals Modeling and Monitoring Terrestrial Primary Production in a Changing Global Environment: Toward a Multiscale Synthesis of Observation and Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufen Pan ◽  
Hanqin Tian ◽  
Shree R. S. Dangal ◽  
Zhiyun Ouyang ◽  
Bo Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Key Indicator

There is a critical need to monitor and predict terrestrial primary production, the key indicator of ecosystem functioning, in a changing global environment. Here we provide a brief review of three major approaches to monitoring and predicting terrestrial primary production: (1) ground-based field measurements, (2) satellite-based observations, and (3) process-based ecosystem modelling. Much uncertainty exists in the multi-approach estimations of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP). To improve the capacity of model simulation and prediction, it is essential to evaluate ecosystem models against ground and satellite-based measurements and observations. As a case, we have shown the performance of the dynamic land ecosystem model (DLEM) at various scales from site to region to global. We also discuss how terrestrial primary production might respond to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2and uncertainties associated with model and data. Further progress in monitoring and predicting terrestrial primary production requires a multiscale synthesis of observations and model simulations. In the Anthropocene era in which human activity has indeed changed the Earth’s biosphere, therefore, it is essential to incorporate the socioeconomic component into terrestrial ecosystem models for accurately estimating and predicting terrestrial primary production in a changing global environment.

scholarly journals Quantifying and mapping the human appropriation of net primary production in earth's terrestrial ecosystems

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (31) ◽  
pp. 12942-12947 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Haberl ◽  
K. H. Erb ◽  
F. Krausmann ◽  
V. Gaube ◽  
A. Bondeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems

Energy and nutrients

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-176
Author(s):  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
New Information ◽  
Tropical Forest Ecology ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

This chapter deals with the ecology of Tropical East Asia from the perspective of water, energy, and matter flows through ecosystems, particularly forests. Data from the network of eddy flux covariance towers is revealing general patterns in gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem production, and exchange. There is also new information on the patterns of net primary production and biomass within the region. In contrast, our understanding of the role of soil nutrients in tropical forest ecology still relies mostly on work done in the Neotropics, with just enough data from Asia to suggest that the major patterns may be pantropical. Nitrogen and phosphorus have received most attention regionally, followed by calcium, potassium, and magnesium, and there has been very little study of the role of micronutrients and potentially toxic concentrations of aluminium, manganese, and hydrogen ions. Animal nutrition has also been neglected.

scholarly journals How drought severity constrains gross primary production(GPP) and its partitioning among carbon pools in a <i>Quercus ilex</i> coppice?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6855-6869 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rambal ◽  
M. Lempereur ◽  
J. M. Limousin ◽  
N. K. Martin-StPaul ◽  
J. M. Ourcival ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem

Abstract. The partitioning of photosynthates toward biomass compartments plays a crucial role in the carbon (C) sink function of forests. Few studies have examined how carbon is allocated toward plant compartments in drought-prone forests. We analyzed the fate of gross primary production (GPP) in relation to yearly water deficit in an old evergreen Mediterranean Quercus ilex coppice severely affected by water limitations. Carbon fluxes between the ecosystem and the atmosphere were measured with an eddy covariance flux tower running continuously since 2001. Discrete measurements of litterfall, stem growth and fAPAR allowed us to derive annual productions of leaves, wood, flowers and acorns, and an isometric relationship between stem and belowground biomass has been used to estimate perennial belowground growth. By combining eddy covariance fluxes with annual net primary productions (NPP), we managed to close a C budget and derive values of autotrophic, heterotrophic respirations and carbon-use efficiency (CUE; the ratio between NPP and GPP). Average values of yearly net ecosystem production (NEP), GPP and Reco were 282, 1259 and 977 g C m−2. The corresponding aboveground net primary production (ANPP) components were 142.5, 26.4 and 69.6 g C m−2 for leaves, reproductive effort (flowers and fruits) and stems, respectively. NEP, GPP and Reco were affected by annual water deficit. Partitioning to the different plant compartments was also impacted by drought, with a hierarchy of responses going from the most affected – the stem growth – to the least affected – the leaf production. The average CUE was 0.40, which is well in the range for Mediterranean-type forest ecosystems. CUE tended to decrease less drastically in response to drought than GPP and NPP did, probably due to drought acclimation of autotrophic respiration. Overall, our results provide a baseline for modeling the inter-annual variations of carbon fluxes and allocation in this widespread Mediterranean ecosystem, and they highlight the value of maintaining continuous experimental measurements over the long term.

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