Exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and various soils in China

Abstract. Using a dynamic enclosure, the exchange rates of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and 18 soils from 12 provinces in China were investigated. The emission or uptake of COS from the soils was highly dependent on the soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, and atmospheric COS mixing ratio. In general, with the only exception being paddy soils, the soils in this investigation acted as sinks for atmospheric COS under wide ranges of soil temperature and soil moisture. Two intensively investigated wheat soils and one forest soil had optimal soil temperatures for COS uptake of around 15 °C, and the optimal soil water content varied from 13% to 58%. COS emission rates from the two paddy soils increased exponentially with increment of the soil temperature, and decreased with increasing the soil water content. However, negligible emission was found when the paddy soils were under waterlogging status. The observed compensation points for various soils were different and increased significantly with soil temperature. The laboratory simulation agreed with the preliminary field measurements for the paddy soil in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province.

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Exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and various soils in China

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-6-10557-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 10557-10582

Author(s):

J. Liu ◽

C. Geng ◽

Y. Mu ◽

Y. Zhang ◽

H. Wu

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Carbonyl Sulfide ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Paddy Soils ◽

Laboratory Simulation ◽

Emission Fluxes

Abstract. Using a dynamic enclosure, the exchange fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and 18 soils from 10 provinces in China were investigated. The emission or uptake of COS from the soils was highly dependent on the soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, and atmospheric COS mixing ratio. In general, with the only exception being paddy soils, the soils in this investigation acted as sinks for atmospheric COS under wide ranges of soil temperature and soil moisture. Two intensively investigated wheat soils and one forest soil, had optimal soil temperatures for COS uptake of around 15°C, and the optimal soil water content varied from 13 to 58%. The two paddy soils, exponentially COS emission fluxes increased with increasing soil temperature, and decreased COS emission fluxes with increased soil water content. However, negligible emission was found when the paddy soils were under waterlogging status. The observed compensation points for various soils were different and increased significantly with soil temperature. The laboratory simulation agreed with the preliminary field measurements for the paddy soil in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province.

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PERANAN EKOLOGI DUSUNG DAN NON DUSUNG DAN KONTRIBUSINYA PADA KONSERVASI LINGKUNGAN DI DESA URENG KECAMATAN LEIHITU KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL ◽

10.30598/jhppk.2018.2.1.28 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 28-48

Author(s):

Napsiah Heluth ◽

J. Matinahoru ◽

Fransina Latumahina

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Organic Content ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Soil Macrofauna ◽

Organic C

The research study aims to determine the ecological conditions of dusung and non dusung, and the role of the contribution to environmental conservation in Ureng Village. The research method used was purposive sampling with observation parameters were microclimate (CO2 content, air temperature, humidity), vegetation conditions and soil conditions (soil temperature, soil moisture, soil pH, soil moisture content, soil macrofauna and organic C) . The results of Paired of each parameter measured mostly show a smaller calculated t value compared to the t0.05 table value (1.8595) which means that the parameter is not a real difference, ie for the air humidity, t count = 0.27,; soil pH, t count = 0.6; soil macrofauna, t count = -0.66 and vegetation, t count = 1.01. As for the parameters of CO2; air temperature, soil temperature, , soil water content and organic C, t value of CO2 gives the value t count = - 16.06; air temperature = -5.11; soil temperature = -3.62; soil moisture, t count = 2,16; soil water content = 8.47, and C-Organic = 8.53; t count value which is greater than t table value which shows that there is a significant difference between CO2, air temperature, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil water content and C-Organic content in the dusung area which is greater than in the non-dusung area. From the results of the analysis it is known that dusung has a better role in environmental conservation when compared to non dusung which is indicated by the value of CO2 air temperature, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil water content and C-organic content.

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How do Soil Moisture and Vegetation Covers Influence Soil Temperature in Drylands of Mediterranean Regions?

Water ◽

10.3390/w10121747 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1747 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Javier Lozano-Parra ◽

Manuel Pulido ◽

Carlos Lozano-Fondón ◽

Susanne Schnabel

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Vegetation Cover ◽

Daily Maximum ◽

Local Climate ◽

Tree Canopies ◽

Soil Temperatures

Interactions between land and atmosphere directly influence hydrometeorological processes and, therefore, the local climate. However, because of heterogeneity of vegetation covers these feedbacks can change over small areas, becoming more complex. This study aims to define how the interactions between soil moisture and vegetation covers influence soil temperatures in very water-limited environments. In order to do that, soil water content and soil temperature were continuously monitored with a frequency of 30 min over two and half hydrological years, using capacitance and temperature sensors that were located in open grasslands and below tree canopies. The study was carried out on three study areas located in drylands of Mediterranean climate. Results highlighted the importance of soil moisture and vegetation cover in modifying soil temperatures. During daytime and with low soil moisture conditions, daily maximum soil temperatures were, on average, 7.1 °C lower below tree canopies than in the air, whereas they were 4.2 °C higher in grasslands than in the air. As soil wetness decreased, soil temperature increased, although this effect was significantly weaker below tree canopies than in grasslands. Both high soil water content and the effect of shading were reflected in a decrease of maximum soil temperatures and of their daily amplitudes. Statistical analysis emphasized the influence of soil temperature on soil water reduction, regardless of vegetation cover. If soil moisture deficits become more frequent due to climate change, variations in soil temperature could increase, affecting hydrometeorological processes and local climate.

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Nitrous oxide emission from a range of land uses across Europe

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-6-325-2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 325-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

S. E. Machefert ◽

N. B. Dise ◽

K. W. T. Goulding ◽

P.G. Whitehead

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

N2o Emission ◽

Emission Rates ◽

Land Uses ◽

Literature Study

Abstract. The results of a literature study examining quantitative estimates of N2O emission rates are presented for a range of land-uses across Europe. The analysis shows that the highest N2O emission rates are for agricultural lands compared to forests and grasslands. The main factors regulating these rates are available mineral nitrogen, soil temperature, soil water content and the available labile organic compounds. These controls operate across different time-scales, all must exceed a certain threshold for N2O emission to occur. The results support the need for an emission factor function of land-use and climate within models describing nitrogen dynamics in catchments. This would allow the assessment of the net N2O emission within catchments in terms of current levels and potential changes associated with climate variability, climate change and land use change. Keywords: nitrous oxide, soil water content, inorganic N, soil temperature, ecosystems, land-use management, soil type

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Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) exchange between soils and the atmosphere affected by soil moisture and compensation points

10.5194/bg-2018-20 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rüdiger Bunk ◽

Zhigang Yi ◽

Thomas Behrendt ◽

Dianming Wu ◽

Meinrat Otto Andreae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Agricultural Soil ◽

Carbonyl Sulfide ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Wide Range

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is a chemically quite stable gas in the troposphere (lifetime ~ 2–6 years) and consequently some of it is transported up to the stratosphere where it contributes to the stratospheric sulfate layer. Due to the similarities in uptake mechanism between OCS and CO2, the use of OCS as a proxy for CO2 in ecosystem gross primary production (GPP) has been proposed. For this application a good understanding of uptake (UOCS) and production (POCS) processes of OCS in an ecosystem is required. A new OCS quantum cascade laser coupled with an automated soil chamber system enabled us to measure the soil-atmosphere OCS exchange of four different soil samples with high precision. The adjustment of the chamber air to different OCS mixing ratios (50, 500, and 1000 ppt) allowed us to separate production and consumption processes and to estimate compensation points (CPs) for the OCS exchange. At an atmospheric mixing ratio of 1000 ppt, the maximum UOCS was of the order of 22 to 110 pmol g−1 h−1 for needle forest soil samples and of the order of 3 to 5 pmol g−1 h−1 for an agricultural mineral soil, both measured at moderate soil moisture. Uptake processes (UOCS) were dominant at all soil moistures for the forest soils, while POCS exceeded UOCS at higher soil moistures for the agricultural soil, resulting in net emission. Hence, our results indicate that in (spruce) forests UOCS might be the dominant process, while in agricultural soils POCS at higher soil moisture and UOCS under moderate soil moisture seem to dominate the OCS exchange. The OCS compensation points (CPs) were highly dependent on soil water content and extended over a wide range of 130 ppt to 1600 ppt for the forest soils and 450 ppt to 5500 ppt for the agricultural soil. The strong dependency between soil water content and the compensation point value must be taken into account for all further analyses. The lowest CPs were found at about 20 % water filled pore space (WFPSlab), implying the maximum of UOCS under these soil moisture conditions and excluding OCS emission under such conditions. We discuss our results in view of other studies about compensation points and the potential contribution of microbial groups.

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No Tillage With Plastic Re-mulching Maintains High Maize Productivity via Regulating Hydrothermal Effects in an Arid Region

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.649684 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Wen Yin ◽

Qiang Chai ◽

Yao Guo ◽

Hong Fan ◽

Zhilong Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Arid Environments ◽

No Tillage ◽

Filling Stage ◽

Plastic Mulching ◽

Early Filling

Plastic is a valuable mulching measure for increasing crop productivity in arid environments; however, little is known about the main mechanism by which this valuable technology actuates spatial–temporal changes in soil hydrothermal effect. So a 3-year field experiment was conducted to optimize soil hydrothermal effect of maize field with three plastic mulched management treatments: (1) no tillage with plastic re-mulching (NM), (2) reduced tillage with plastic mulching (RM), and (3) conventional tillage with annual new plastic mulching (CM). The results showed that NM treatment increased soil water content by 6.6–8.4% from maize sowing to seedling stage, than did CM, and it created a good soil moisture environment for sowing of maize. Also, NM had greater soil water content by 4.8–5.6% from maize silking to early-filling stage than had CM, and it made up for the abundant demand of soil moisture for the vigorous growth of maize filling stage. The NM treatment increased water consumption (WC) before maize big-flare stage, decreased WC from big-flare to early-filling stage, and increased WC after early-filling stage. So NM treatment effectively coordinated water demand contradiction of maize at entire growing season. NM decreased soil accumulated temperature (SAT) by 7.0–13.0% at maize sowing to early-filling stage than did CM, but NM had little influence on the SAT during filling stage. In particular, the treatment on NM had smaller absolute values of air–soil temperature differences than RM and CM treatments during maize filling stage, indicating that NM treatment maintains the relative stability of soil temperature for ensuring grain filling of maize. The NM treatment allowed the maize to grow in a suitable hydrothermal status and still maintained high yield. In addition, NM treatment obtained higher net income and rate of return by 6.4–11.0% and 44.1–54.5%, respectively, than did CM, because NM treatment mainly decreased the input costs for plastic and machine operations. Therefore, the NM treatment can be recommended as a promising technique to overcome simultaneous heat stress and water shortage in arid environments.

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Emission of CO2 from tropical riparian forest soil is controlled by soil temperature, soil water content and depth to water table

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr15040 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 311 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

I. Goodrick ◽

S. Connor ◽

M. I. Bird ◽

P. N. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Tropical Forests ◽

Water Table ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Emission Rates ◽

Depth To Water Table

Tropical forests play a key role in the global carbon cycle. However, little is known about carbon cycling in the substantial portion of tropical forests that are low-lying, with shallow and fluctuating water tables. This study aimed to determine what factors control emissions of CO2 from soil in a riparian rainforest in Queensland, Australia. Emissions were measured over the course of 1 year, using static chambers. Emission rates were significantly related to soil temperature (0–0.1 m depth), soil water content (0–0.12 m depth) and depth to water table. The most efficient linear model of emissions as a function of measured parameters, which also included soil pH (0–0.1 m depth), had r2 = 0.355. CO2 emissions were highest (5.2–7.5 μmol m–2 s–1) at moderate soil temperature (24−28°C), water table depth (0.2–1.5 m) and soil water-filled porosity (0.25–0.79). They were lowest (<0.5 μmol m–2 s–1) at low soil temperature (<22°C) or when the water table was within 0.15 m of the surface. An additional interaction between temperature and soil water was determined in the laboratory. Incubation of soil cores showed that temperature sensitivity of the heterotrophic component of respiration increased as the soil dried. It is clear that models of soil respiration in lowland tropical forests should take into account depth to water table, which is a key, but hitherto unreported, controller of CO2 emissions in tropical forests.

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Microbial CO2 production from surface and subsurface soil as affected by temperature, moisture, and nitrogen fertilisation

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr07144 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 273 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Xiaobin Jin ◽

Shenmin Wang ◽

Yinkang Zhou

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Sanjiang Plain ◽

Co2 Production ◽

The Sanjiang Plain ◽

Subsurface Soil ◽

C Mineralisation ◽

Q10 Values

The Sanjiang Plain of north-east China is presently the second largest freshwater marsh in China. The drainage and use of marshes for agricultural fields occurred in the past 50 years, resulting in the increase in cultivated land from about 2.9 × 108 m2 in 1893 to 4.57 × 1010 m2 in 1994. Under human disturbance in the past half century, the environment in Sanjiang Plain has had significant change. We hypothesised that environmental factors such as soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil N levels affect the rates of soil organic C mineralisation and the nature of the controls on microbial CO2 production to change with depth through the soil profile in the freshwater marsh in the Sanjiang Plain. In a series of experiments, we measured the influence of soil temperature, soil water content, and nitrogen additions on soil microbial CO2 production rates. The results showed that Q10 values (the factor by which the CO2 production rate increases when the temperature is increased by 10°C) significantly increased with soil depth through the soil profile (P < 0.05). The average Q10 values for the surface soils were 2.7 (0–0.2 m), significantly lower than that (average Q10 values 3.3) for the subsurface samples (0.2–0.6 m) (P < 0.05), indicating that C mineralisation rates were more sensitive to temperature in subsurface soil horizons than in surface horizons. The maximum respiration rate was measured at 60% water hold capacity for each sample. The quadratic equation function adequately describes the relationship between soil respiration and soil water content, and the R2 values were > 0.80. The sensitivity of microbial CO2 production rate response to soil water content for surface soils (0–0.2 m) was slightly lower than for subsurface soils (0.2–0.6 m). The responses of actual soil respiration rates to nitrogen fertilisation were different for surface and subsurface soils. In the surface soils (0–0.2 m), the addition of N caused a slight decreased in respiration rates compared with the control, whereas, in the subsurface soils (0.2–0.6 m), the addition of N tended to increase microbial CO2 production rates, and the addition of 10 µg N/g soil treatment caused twice the increase in C mineralisation rates of the control. Our results suggested that the responses of microbial CO2 production to changes in soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil N levels varied with soil depth through the profile, and subsurface soil organic C was more sensitive to temperature increase and nitrogen inputs in the freshwater marsh of the Sanjiang Plain.

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Non-invasive field measurements of soil water content using a pulsed 14MeV neutron generator

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/j.still.2011.12.009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 120 ◽

pp. 130-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Mitra ◽

L. Wielopolski ◽

R. Omonode ◽

J. Novak ◽

J. Frederick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Neutron Generator ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Non Invasive ◽

14Mev Neutron

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SURFACE RESIDUES: EFFECTS ON SOIL MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE1

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252021v34n416rc ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 887-894

Author(s):

GUSTAVO HADDAD SOUZA VIEIRA ◽

ARILDO SEBASTIÃO SILVA ◽

ARUN DILIPKUMAR JANI ◽

LUSINERIO PREZOTTI ◽

PAOLA ALFONSA VIEIRA LO MONACO

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Disturbance ◽

Dry Season ◽

Depth Range ◽

Sunn Hemp

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine how crop residue placement and composition would affect soil water content and temperature during the dry season in the central region of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. A 19-week field study was conducted from April to August 2017. A 2 x 4 factorial study with four replications was implemented using a randomized complete block design. Factors were soil management [conventional tillage (CT) and no soil disturbance (ND)] and residue amendment [maize (Zea mays L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), a maize-sunn hemp mixture, and a no amendment control]. Soil water content and temperature were measured weekly at predetermined soil depth intervals. Soil water content was higher in ND plots amended with surface residues than under all other treatments in the 0 to 0.05 m depth range. All residue amendments in this range were equally effective in conserving soil water. Surface residues reduced soil temperature by up to 8.4 °C relative to the control in ND plots. Incorporating residue amendments by CT cancelled all temperature-moderating benefits provided by surface residues. These results indicate that surface residues from cereals, legumes, or cereal/legume mixtures are equally effective in conserving soil water and moderating soil temperature during the dry season. Additional research is needed to determine how improved soil environmental conditions, generated by surface residues, would affect nutrient acquisition and crop performance.

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