Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a source of nitrogen (N) for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake, thereby resulting in similar total N uptake rates. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3− and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3− and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were generally about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50% of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3− did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3− uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic N.

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Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-8-11311-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 11311-11335 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. Gioseffi ◽

A. de Neergaard ◽

J. K. Schjoerring

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

N Uptake ◽

Organic N ◽

Arable Soils ◽

Inorganic N ◽

N Losses ◽

Total N ◽

N Source

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a nitrogen (N) source for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3–) and (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3– and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3– and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50 % of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3– did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3– uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen.

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Rapid determinations of dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen in soil leachate using mid-infrared spectroscopy

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2019-0116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 579-583

Author(s):

X.M. Yang ◽

C.F. Drury ◽

W. Xu ◽

M. Reeb ◽

T. Oloya

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Organic N ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Soil Leachate ◽

Total N ◽

Mid Infrared ◽

Mid Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Dissolved Nitrogen

Mid-infrared spectroscopy in the transmission mode was used to predict inorganic nitrogen (N), organic N, and total N in soil leachate. The developed predictions were accurate and robust for total N, NH4+, NO3−, inorganic N (NH4+ + NO3−), and organic N (total N − inorganic N) with high determination coefficients (R2 = 96.7 − 99.0) and residual prediction deviation (RPD = 5.47 − 9.96). The proposed method simultaneously estimates the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen species in soil leachates accurately and with significant savings in time, cost, and chemicals relevant to conventional methods.

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Potential organic and inorganic N uptake by six Eucalyptus species

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp06045 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 653 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

C. R. Warren

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

N Uptake ◽

N Cycling ◽

Organic N ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Inorganic N ◽

South Eastern ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Relative Abundances ◽

South Eastern Australia

There are no published studies of organic N uptake by species of south-eastern Australia (e.g. Eucalyptus) despite several studies of ecosystem N cycling. This study examines uptake of nitrate, ammonium and glycine (an amino acid) by six species of 16-year-old Eucalyptus growing at two plantations (‘common gardens’). By using two plantations, one xeric / oligotrophic and one mesic / eutrophic, I was able to disentangle genotypic from phenotypic differences in preference for N forms. Measurements were made on three separate occasions during spring. N uptake was examined in situ with attached roots placed in uptake solutions containing equimolar 100 μmol L–1 concentrations of 15N-nitrate, 15N-ammonium and 2-13C215N-glycine. Water and KCl extracts were used to determine the relative abundances of nitrate, ammonium and amino acids at the two plantations. Nitrate dominated at the eutrophic site, but was nearly absent at the oligotrophic site. N at the oligotrophic site was dominated by ammonium and amino acids which were present in similar concentrations. The rate of uptake of ammonium (6.3 ± 0.4 μmol g h–1; mean ± s.e., n = 108), was faster than glycine (3.4 ± 0.2), which was faster than nitrate (0.62 ± 0.07). Plant ‘preference’ for N forms did not vary between sites despite large differences in the relative abundances of N forms (nitrate v. ammonium v. amino acids). Hence, there was little evidence for acclimation of Eucalyptus species to differences in the relative availability of N forms. This study suggests the possibility for considerable organic N uptake in the field. Previous studies of ecosystem N cycling in south-eastern Australia have only examined inorganic N. The N cycle in south-eastern Australia needs to be revisited with a new perspective, one that considers inorganic N and organic N.

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Turnover of nitrogen from components of lupin stubble to wheat in sandy soil

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/s98071 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 575 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C. A. Russell ◽

I. R. P. Fillery

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Root Zone ◽

Lignin Content ◽

N Uptake ◽

Organic N ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Short Term ◽

Total N ◽

N Concentration ◽

Net Mineralisation

The rate of decomposition of 15N-labelled lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) stubble and the use of mineralised 15N by wheat were determined in field experiments on a deep loamy sand previously cropped to lupin. In one experiment, leaf, stem, and pod (pod-valve) components were applied separately to mini-plots that were either left unplanted or subsequently planted to wheat. In the second experiment, leaf and stem components, each of either low or high N concentration, were applied separately to mini-plots which were subsequently planted to wheat. Soil was recovered in layers to a maximum depth of 1 m and subsequently analysed for 15N in NH + 4 , NO-3 , and total N. The net mineralisation of stubble 15N was estimated from the decrease in soil organic 15N (total 15N – inorganic 15N), and the uptake of 15N by wheat was measured periodically. All treatments were characterised by the high retention of lupin stubble 15N in the soil organic matter. Between 9 and 34% of stem and pod 15N, and 19–49% of leaf 15N, was mineralised within a 10-month period. From these data the annual net mineralisation of a typical lupin stubble was estimated at 25–42 kg N/ha, an N benefit similar to that estimated from agronomic trials. Wheat uptake of lupin-stubble 15N ranged from 9 to 27%. Of the stubble components, only the leaf contained sufficient quantities of mineralisable N to be an important source of N for wheat. At wheat maturity in the first experiment, losses of stubble 15N ranged from 13% (leaf) to 7% (stem). In the second experiment, losses of 15N were only observed from the high N treatments (leaf 8%, stem 15·5%). Stubble component chemistry appeared to affect net mineralisation and plant uptake differently. Across both experiments, annual net mineralisation best correlated (R = 0·69) with the N concentration of the stubble components. Wheat N uptake was strongly positively correlated with polysaccharide content (R = 0·89) but negatively correlated with lignin content (R = – 0·79). Although large quantities (58 and 98 kg N/ha) of soil-derived inorganic N were found in the root-zone (–1·0 m) of wheat sown after lupins, and attributed to the decomposition of lupin root systems and surface residues prior to the establishment of each experiment, it is concluded that the short-term decomposition of lupin stubble 15N results in a modest release of inorganic N. Consequently, the primary value of lupin stubble in the N economy of lupin : cereal rotations is to replenish the soil organic N reserve.

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Co-occurrence of organic and inorganic N sources influences asparagine uptake and internal amino acid profiles in white clover

10.1101/577114 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Weronika Czaban ◽

Jim Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

White Clover ◽

Uptake Rate ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Organic N ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Total N ◽

Amino Acid Profiles ◽

N Status

AbstractDirect plant uptake of organic nitrogen (N) is important for plant N nutrition, but we lack knowledge of how the concentration of external N forms (organic and inorganic) -influence organic N uptake and plant N status. We investigated the uptake of the amino acid asparagine (Asn) in white clover in the presence of different nitrate (NO3-), Asn, and total N concentrations. White clover seedlings were for one week exposed to combinations of NO3-(3-30 µmol N kg-1sand DW) and Asn (3-30 µmol N kg-1sand DW), where after the Asn uptake rate was determined by addition of13C4-Asn. Shoot and root Asn content and amino acid profiles were also analyzed. Increasing external NO3-and total N concentrations decreased13C4-Asn uptake rates and internal clover Asn content. Furthermore, total N affected clover amino acid profiles from non-essential amino acids at low N doses to the dominance of essential amino acids at increasing N doses. Asn uptake rate in white clover is reduced by increasing inorganic N, but not by increasing organic N concentrations. Furthermore, plant amino acid profiles are likely to be a more sensitive indicator of N supply and descriptor of the N status.

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Nitrogen dynamics in soil amended with composted cattle manure

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s06-023 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Bobbi L Helgason ◽

Francis J Larney ◽

H. Henry Janzen ◽

Barry M Olson

Keyword(s):

N Uptake ◽

Wood Chip ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Organic N ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

N Content ◽

Total N ◽

Available N ◽

Plant Available Nitrogen

The amount and pattern of plant-available nitrogen (N) release from composts are variable and not well-defined. We used a 425-d canola (Brassica napus L.) bioassay to follow the release of N from eight composted cattle manures applied to soil at 20 g kg-1. Two stockpiled manures, one inorganic fertilizer and an unamended control were also included for comparison. Eight consecutive 30-d growth cycles were conducted in a controlled environment chamber (20°C) and plant N uptake was measured. Total N uptake was greatest from the N fertilizer and least from the wood-chip bedded manure. Addition of compost increased N uptake by 27–99% compared with that in the control. Nitrogen uptake from compost was directly proportional to its inorganic N content (r2 = 0.98; P < 0.0001) showing that the initial inorganic N content of compost, analyzed prior to its application can be used to predict plant available N. In seven of the eight composts studied, less than 5% of organic N was mineralized over 425 d, suggesting that little of the organic N in compost becomes available in the year of application. Compost is a valuable organic amendment, but co-application of N fertilizer is recommended to supply adequate N and optimize the benefits of compost for crop growth. Key words: Plant-available nitrogen, compost, nitrogen mineralization, beef manure

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Genotypic Difference in the Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer Form in Tibetan Wild and Cultivated Barley

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 595

Author(s):

Shama Naz ◽

Qiufang Shen ◽

Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba ◽

Guoping Zhang

Keyword(s):

Wild Barley ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

N Uptake ◽

Total Soluble Protein ◽

Organic N ◽

Genotypic Difference ◽

N Availability ◽

Tibetan Wild Barley ◽

Cultivated Barley

Nitrogen (N) availability and form have a dramatic effect on N uptake and assimilation in plants, affecting growth and development. In the previous studies, we found great differences in low-N tolerance between Tibetan wild barley accessions and cultivated barley varieties. We hypothesized that there are different responses to N forms between the two kinds of barleys. Accordingly, this study was carried out to determine the response of four barley genotypes (two wild, XZ16 and XZ179; and two cultivated, ZD9 andHua30) under 4Nforms (NO3−, NH4+, urea and glycine). The results showed significant reduction in growth parameters such as root/shoot length and biomass, as well as photosynthesis parameters and total soluble protein content under glycine treatment relative to other N treatments, for both wild and cultivated barley, however, XZ179 was least affected. Similarly, ammonium adversely affected growth parameters in both wild and cultivated barleys, with XZ179 being severely affected. On the other hand, both wild and cultivated genotypes showed higher biomass, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll and protein in NO3− treatment relative to other three N treatments. It may be concluded that barley undisputedly grows well under inorganic nitrogen (NO3−), however in response to the organic N wild barley prefer glycine more than cultivated barely.

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Characteristics of Non-Point Source N Export via Surface Runoff from Sloping Croplands in Northeast China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2302 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 347-353 ◽

pp. 2302-2307 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hong Xiang Wang ◽

Yi Shi ◽

Jian Ma ◽

Cai Yan Lu ◽

Xin Chen

Keyword(s):

Point Source ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Rainfall Amount ◽

Organic N ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Slope Gradient ◽

N Loss ◽

Total N

A field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of non-point source nitrogen (N) in the surface runoff from sloping croplands and the influences of rainfall and cropland slope gradient. The results showed that dissolved total N (DTN) was the major form of N in the runoff, and the proportion occupied by dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) ranged from 45% to 85%. The level of NH4+-N was generally higher than the level of NO3--N, and averaged at 2.50 mg·L-1and 1.07 mg·L-1respectively. DIN was positively correlated with DTN (R2=0.962). Dissolved organic N (DON) presented a moderate seasonal change and averaged at 1.40 mg·L-1. Rainfall amount and rainfall intensity significantly affected the components of DTN in the runoff. With the increase of rainfall amount and rainfall intensity, the concentrations of DTN, NH4+-N and NO3--N presented a decreased trend, while the concentration of DON showed an increased trend. N loss went up with an increase in the gradient of sloping cropland, and was less when the duration was longer from the time of N fertilization.fertilization.

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Quantifying nitrogen losses in oil palm plantations: models and challenges

10.5194/bg-2016-177 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lénaïc Pardon ◽

Cécile Bessou ◽

Nathalie Saint-Geours ◽

Benoît Gabrielle ◽

Ni’matul Khasanah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

N Uptake ◽

Clay Content ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Rooting Depth ◽

Perennial Crop ◽

N Losses ◽

Total N

Abstract. Oil palm is the most rapidly expanding tropical perennial crop. Its cultivation raises environmental concerns, notably related to the use of nitrogen (N) fertilisers and associated pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. While numerous and diverse models exist to estimate N losses from agriculture, very few are available for tropical perennial crops. Moreover, there has been no critical analysis of the performances of existing models in the specific context of tropical perennial cropping systems. We assessed the capacity of 11 models and 29 sub-models to estimate N losses in a typical oil palm plantation over a 25-year-growth cycle, through leaching and runoff, and emissions of NH3, N2, N2O, and NOx. Estimates of total N losses were very variable, ranging from 21 to 139 kg N ha−1 yr−1. On average, 31 % of the losses occurred during the first three years of the cycle. Leaching comprised about 80 % of the losses. Based on a comprehensive Morris sensitivity analysis, the most influential variables were soil clay content, rooting depth and oil palm N uptake. We also compared model estimates with published field measurements. Many challenges remain to model more accurately processes related to the peculiarities of perennial tropical crop systems such as oil palm.

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The attempt to explain the various reaktions of rape and corn plants on the nitrogen usee in the ammonium or nitrate forms

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1993.004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 39-49

Author(s):

Zofia Uziak ◽

Edward Borowski ◽

Zbyszek Blamowski

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Organic N ◽

Lower Content ◽

Ammonium Ions ◽

Total N ◽