scholarly journals Co-occurrence of organic and inorganic N sources influences asparagine uptake and internal amino acid profiles in white clover

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weronika Czaban ◽  
Jim Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
N Status

AbstractDirect plant uptake of organic nitrogen (N) is important for plant N nutrition, but we lack knowledge of how the concentration of external N forms (organic and inorganic) -influence organic N uptake and plant N status. We investigated the uptake of the amino acid asparagine (Asn) in white clover in the presence of different nitrate (NO3-), Asn, and total N concentrations. White clover seedlings were for one week exposed to combinations of NO3-(3-30 µmol N kg-1sand DW) and Asn (3-30 µmol N kg-1sand DW), where after the Asn uptake rate was determined by addition of13C4-Asn. Shoot and root Asn content and amino acid profiles were also analyzed. Increasing external NO3-and total N concentrations decreased13C4-Asn uptake rates and internal clover Asn content. Furthermore, total N affected clover amino acid profiles from non-essential amino acids at low N doses to the dominance of essential amino acids at increasing N doses. Asn uptake rate in white clover is reduced by increasing inorganic N, but not by increasing organic N concentrations. Furthermore, plant amino acid profiles are likely to be a more sensitive indicator of N supply and descriptor of the N status.

scholarly journals Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11311-11335 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gioseffi ◽  
A. de Neergaard ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Source

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a nitrogen (N) source for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3–) and (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3– and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3– and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50 % of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3– did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3– uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antinutrients, Amino Acid Profile and Physicochemical Properties of Hura crepitan Seed

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
E. C. Nwokenkwo ◽  
J. N. Nwosu ◽  
N. C. Onuegbu ◽  
I. A. Olawuni ◽  
A. F. Ofoedum
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles

The Objectives of the Study: To evaluate the Antinutritional components, Amino acid profiles and the physic-chemical properties of Hura crepitan (Sand box) seed. Design of the Study: This study was structured to fit into using a combination of T-test and one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the data obtained from the laboratory analysis. Place and Duration of Study: This research work was done at the Department of Food Science and Technology Laboratory, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, between May 2019 and November 2019. Methods: The mature dry fruits of the Hura crepitan seeds were harvested from the plants on Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State campus. The Hura crepitan seeds were sorted in order to remove dirts and foreign other foreign contaminants. The cleaned seeds were divided into four portions and stored in separate glass containers for further processing. The first portion of the seeds were dried at 60°C in Gallen Kamp moisture extraction oven for 6 hours at and pulverised in a Monilex blended into flour, some seeds were boiled while some portions were roasted and processed into fine flour and subsequently subjected to analysis to evaluate the antinutritional contents, amino acid s as well as determining the physic-chemical properties of the samples. Results: The results obtained suggested that the anti-nutrients in the raw seed-flour were flavonoids with 17.50%, alkaloid (6.20%), tannin (5.24%), and cyanogenic glycoside (1.76%). Fermentation and moist cooking were found to be more effective in the reduction of the anti-nutrients in the Hura crepitan seeds. The amino acid profiles were evaluated, and twenty amino acids were identified in the seed flour. The three major ones implicated were arginine (3.25 g/100 g in cooked and 8.05 g/100 g in fermented), glutamic acid (6.05 g/100 g in cooked and 10.2 g/100 g in fermented) and valine (8.03 g/100 g in raw and 8.58 g/100 g in fermented). The limiting amino acid is methionine with a chemical score of 44.52%. the physicochemical properties of the sandbox seeds evaluated suggested that the free fatty acids values ranged from 3.60% to 6.03% and there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among the samples, the iodine value ranged from 104.94% to 126.90%, the peroxide value for the sample varies between 2.96% to 44.81%. Conclusion: This study suggested that the Hura crepitan seed contains appreciable amounts of essential amino acids as well as having good physicochemical properties while the use of moist heat and/or fermentation can reduce the antinutritional components to the bearest minimum. Hence, can be utilized some areas of food industries where protein (amino acids) are critically required.

scholarly journals Nitrogen metabolism in calves: Effect of giving different amounts of dietary casein with and without formaldehyde treatment

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
A. P. Williams ◽  
R. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Dietary Casein

1. Calves were given a basal diet of straw and flaked maize (12 g nitrogen/kg dry matter (DM)) or diets with some flaked maize replaced by untreated (UT) casein or formaldehyde-treated (FT) casein to give 19, 26 or 34 g N/kg DM.2. At all intakes rumen ammonia concentrations were lower and amounts of total-N, non-ammonia-N and amino acid-N entering the duodenum were higher when FT-rather than UT-casein supplements were given.3. Direct measurement of casein entering the duodenum indicated that giving FT rather than UT casein led to much greater amounts of dietary casein escaping degradation in the rumen (70–90% compared to 10–20%). Calculated values for fermentable N indicated that with this low degradability diets containing FT-casein would have provided inadequate N for maximum microbial synthesis in the rumen, and this probably accounted for the marked reduction in amounts of non-casein-N entering the duodenum when FT rather than UT casein was given.4. Amino acid patterns in duodenal digesta samples after giving the basal diet or diets containing UT-casein were similar. Giving diets containing FT-casein led to changes in this pattern which could sometimes, although not always, be accounted for by estimated differences in proportions of dietary and microbial proteins.5. At the highest level of N intake FT-casein-supplemented diets led to significantly higher concentrations of most essential amino acids and lower concentrations of most non-essential amino acids in plasma than did UT-casein-supplemented diets. Plasma urea concentrations increased with increasing N intake but were not significantly different for UT- and FT-casein-supplemented diets.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of whole soybean curd made from different soybean materials based on amino acid profiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Meili Li ◽  
Hongming Dong ◽  
Dingtao Wu ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Wen Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Relay Cropping

Abstract Objectives Amino acid profiles of whole soybean curds (WSCs) and conventional soybean curds (CSCs) were comparatively studied to 1., evaluate their nutritional value and 2., study the suitable soybean material to fabricate WSCs. Materials and Methods Nine types of soybean materials were selected to make WSCs and CSCs. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) and principal component analysis were selected to perform the comparative analysis of amino acid profiles of the products. Results Total contents of amino acids in WSCs and CSCs were 41.24–54.87 mg/g and 27.77–36.82 mg/g. Content ranges of essential amino acids were 13.59–19.38 mg/g and 8.46–11.76 mg/g for WSCs and CSCs. The essential amino acid pattern of WSCs was basically close to amino acid pattern spectrum requirements except valine and sulfur amino acids. As a limiting amino acid, methionine represented less than 0.4 for PDCAAS in all soybean curds except WSCs made from relay-cropping Nandou12 and Nandou25. Conclusions The overall quality of amino acids in WSCs was higher than that in CSCs, indicating that WSCs indeed exhibited higher nutritional value than CSCs from the viewpoint of amino acid profile. WSCs with the high nutritional value could be made using Nandou25 and relay-cropping Nandou12 as materials.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Profiles of the Flesh of the Heterosexual Pairs of Neopetrolisthes maculatus

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ilesanmi Adeyeye
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Index

This paper reports on amino acid profiles of the flesh of heterosexuals of porcellanids collected from the Atlantic Ocean at Orimedu beach in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria. Results showed that high values of amino acids were observed in the heterosexual flesh of Neopetrolisthes maculatus (g 100g-1 protein): 17.7 – 17.8 (Glu), 9.90 – 10.0 (Asp), 8.70 – 9.07 (Arg), 7.23 – 7.94 (Leu) and 5.81 – 6.06 (Gly). Total essential amino acid values ranged from 45.2 – 46.2 g 100-1g. Predicted protein efficiency ratio was 3.82 – 4.14, the range of essential amino acid index was 86.9 – 89.9, the biological values ranged from 83.0 – 86.3. The Lys/Trp was 3.31-4.27. Serine was limiting amino acid (0.513 – 0.516) in the egg score comparison; under the essential amino acids scores, Lys (0.840) was limiting in female but Val (0.823) was limiting in the male; Lys (0.796 – 0.905) was limiting in both samples in the pre-school child amino acid requirements. It was observed that out of the twenty parameters determined, male flesh was more concentrated in 60% values than the female flesh and 40% better in female than male. Correlation coefficient result showed that significant differences existed in the amino acids composition at r = 0.01 of the N. maculatus samples.

scholarly journals Farming practices affect the amino acid profiles of the aquaculture Chinese mitten crab

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11605
Author(s):  
Qingfei Zeng ◽  
Yuxia Xu ◽  
Erik Jeppesen ◽  
Xiaohong Gu ◽  
Zhigang Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Trash Fish ◽  
Mitten Crabs ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles

Farming operation and amino acid profiles of pond-reared Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis (Milne Edwards, 1853), collected from different areas in Jiangsu Province, China were investigated and compared with the aim to elucidate how farming practices affected the nutritional values of three edible tissues (muscle, hepatopancreas and gonad) of crab. The crab pond aquaculture practices including snail input, macrophytes coverage, total commercial feed, the ratio of trash fish to total feed, were much higher in Gaochun and Jintan than that in other sites (having larger pond size), which leads to higher average individual body weight and commercial yields. Further, the mean body weight, muscle weight, carapace length and width, and the ratio of gonad to hepatopancreas were significantly higher in Jintan, Suzhou and Gaochun areas than in other regions. Amino acid assessment showed that all crabs collected delivered high-quality protein (Amino acid score >1 except Valine), the main amino acids being glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and alanine. Significant differences in amino acid profiles were observed between sites, tissues and sexes. Muscles were rich in total amino acids, essential amino acids, and delicious amino acids, followed by gonads and hepatopancreas. The contents of essential amino acids in crab muscles from Gaochun, Jintan, Suzhou and Guannan were significantly higher than those from Suqian, Sihong and Xinghua. All the amino acids except Serine and Glycine were significantly higher in gonads from males than from females. The redundancy analysis revealed that the snail input, trash fish ratio to the total feed, macrophytes coverage and total trash fish supply explained 84.3% of the variation in the amino acid content and structure in crabs from Gaochun, Jintan and Suzhou. Overall, our results show that mitten crabs collected in Jiangsu province had good nutritional quality suitable for human dietary needs, and that farming practices, especially degree of fish-source protein feeding, influence the amino acids composition of crabs.

scholarly journals Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gioseffi ◽  
A. de Neergaard ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Uptake Rates

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a source of nitrogen (N) for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake, thereby resulting in similar total N uptake rates. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3− and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3− and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were generally about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50% of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3− did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3− uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic N.

EFFECTS OF TREATING RAPESEED MEAL AND CASEIN WITH FORMALDEHYDE ON APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF RUMEN DIGESTA AND BACTERIA

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Total N ◽  
Casein Protein

Four rumen-fistulated young Holstein steers (189 kg average weight) were used in a latin square design. The steers were fed four semipurified pelleted diets, containing either 19% rapeseed meal (RSM) or 7.5% casein protein untreated or formaldehyde (FA)-treated (0.7 g FA/100 g protein), at frequent intervals. FA treatment of RSM or casein tended to reduce the ammonia production in the rumen of steers receiving the experimental diets and showed little effect on apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) or nitrogen (N) retention. FA treatment of casein but not of RSM increased (P < 0.05) the flow of total N, non-ammonia N (NAN) and digesta from the rumen. The bacterial N in the rumen digesta varied from 40–61% of the dietary N for the steers fed the experimental diets. FA treatment significantly increased total amino acid concentrations (P < 0.01) in the rumen digesta of steers fed the FA-casein diet and resulted in a nonsignificant (P > 0.05) increase for FA-RSM steers compared with those given untreated diets. Treatment of casein with FA reduced the catabolism of essential amino acids which resulted in larger quantities of these amino acids being transported out of the rumen as compared to the untreated casein diet. However, FA treatment of RSM protein did not promote a significant increase in the quantities of amino acids leaving the rumen of steers receiving the FA-RSM diet compared with those on the RSM diet.

Adaptations to nitrogen form: comparing inorganic nitrogen and amino acid availability and uptake by four temperate forest plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1626-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Metcalfe ◽  
J. Nault ◽  
B.J. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Dry Biomass

There are few examinations of the relative availability and plant uptake of inorganic N and amino acid N in temperate forest regions. We determined the availability of amino acid N and inorganic N in soils under two shrub species ( Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. versus Rubus spectabilis Pursh) on three sites near Jordan River, British Columbia, over a growing season. We compared biomass production of the two shrubs and two conifers ( Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) when given inorganic N (20:80 or 80:20 NH4+–NO3–) or organic N (glycine and glutamic acid) and assessed short-term uptake (24 h) of 15N-labelled NH4+, NO3–, glycine, or glutamic acid by the four species. Water-extracted soil concentrations of NH4+ were up to 1.5 times greater than NO3– averaged across sites. Concentrations of amino acid N and inorganic N were similar on soils under Rubus , but the amino acid N to inorganic N ratio was up to 2.4:1 in soils under Vaccinium . Soils dominated by Rubus had up to twice the NO3–-N and two thirds the amino acid N concentrations of soils dominated by Vaccinium, averaged across sites and Rubus had relatively high short-term 15NO3– uptake. The dry biomass of conifers was approximately four times greater when supplied mainly with NH4+ compared with NO3–, but biomass of the two shrub species was similar in both inorganic N treatments. All plants had comparable rates of short-term 15N uptake from amino acids and inorganic N, suggesting that amino acids could contribute to the N nutrition of these temperate species; however, dry biomass of all four species grown with amino acids was less than one half that of plants grown with inorganic N.

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