Nitrogen dynamics in soil amended with composted cattle manure

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobbi L Helgason ◽  
Francis J Larney ◽  
H. Henry Janzen ◽  
Barry M Olson
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Plant Available Nitrogen

The amount and pattern of plant-available nitrogen (N) release from composts are variable and not well-defined. We used a 425-d canola (Brassica napus L.) bioassay to follow the release of N from eight composted cattle manures applied to soil at 20 g kg-1. Two stockpiled manures, one inorganic fertilizer and an unamended control were also included for comparison. Eight consecutive 30-d growth cycles were conducted in a controlled environment chamber (20°C) and plant N uptake was measured. Total N uptake was greatest from the N fertilizer and least from the wood-chip bedded manure. Addition of compost increased N uptake by 27–99% compared with that in the control. Nitrogen uptake from compost was directly proportional to its inorganic N content (r2 = 0.98; P < 0.0001) showing that the initial inorganic N content of compost, analyzed prior to its application can be used to predict plant available N. In seven of the eight composts studied, less than 5% of organic N was mineralized over 425 d, suggesting that little of the organic N in compost becomes available in the year of application. Compost is a valuable organic amendment, but co-application of N fertilizer is recommended to supply adequate N and optimize the benefits of compost for crop growth. Key words: Plant-available nitrogen, compost, nitrogen mineralization, beef manure

scholarly journals Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11311-11335 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gioseffi ◽  
A. de Neergaard ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Source

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a nitrogen (N) source for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3–) and (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3– and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3– and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50 % of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3– did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3– uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen.

Increase in growth, productivity, nutritional status of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and enrichment in soil fertility applied with Azospirillum and nitrogen level

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
V. Namdeo ◽  
N. G. Mitra ◽  
S. R. Jakhar ◽  
R. K. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry

Field experiments were conducted to Influence of different levels of nitrogen and Azospirillum inoculation on direct-seeded rice in a Vertisol, during kharif season of 2015 at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, JNKVV, Jabalpur. The experiment was laid out under randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications and 8 treatments namely (unfertilized+uninoculated (UFUI), recommended dose of nitrogen 50%+uninoculated (RDN50%+UI), RDN75%+UI, RDN100%+UI, UF+Azospirillum (UF+Azosp.,), RDN50%+Azosp., RDN75%+Azosp and RDN100%+Azosp.,). It was observed that significant improvement was noticed in yield attributes and soil properties. The response from the treatment of RDN100% +Azosp., was found statistically best to increase available nitrogen (N) content in soil at 45 DAS and at harvest of the crop by 29% and 27%, respectively and N content in the plant, grain and straw by 46%, 50% and 55%, respectively over the control of UFUI. Similarly, trend was significantly enhanced total N uptake by crop with 129% over the control of UFUI. While, same treatment combination increasing azospiral population in rhizospheric soil at 45 DAS, 65 DAS and at harvest by 2.28, 2.07 and 2.05 log folds, respectively over the control of UFUI and enhanced yield attributes and yields of grain and straw of rice with 113 and 58%, respectively over the control of UFUI. While the treatment RDN100%+Azosp., exhibited numerically higher values but was statistically at par to RDN75%+Azosp.

Turnover of nitrogen from components of lupin stubble to wheat in sandy soil

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Russell ◽  
I. R. P. Fillery
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Net Mineralisation

The rate of decomposition of 15N-labelled lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) stubble and the use of mineralised 15N by wheat were determined in field experiments on a deep loamy sand previously cropped to lupin. In one experiment, leaf, stem, and pod (pod-valve) components were applied separately to mini-plots that were either left unplanted or subsequently planted to wheat. In the second experiment, leaf and stem components, each of either low or high N concentration, were applied separately to mini-plots which were subsequently planted to wheat. Soil was recovered in layers to a maximum depth of 1 m and subsequently analysed for 15N in NH + 4 , NO-3 , and total N. The net mineralisation of stubble 15N was estimated from the decrease in soil organic 15N (total 15N – inorganic 15N), and the uptake of 15N by wheat was measured periodically. All treatments were characterised by the high retention of lupin stubble 15N in the soil organic matter. Between 9 and 34% of stem and pod 15N, and 19–49% of leaf 15N, was mineralised within a 10-month period. From these data the annual net mineralisation of a typical lupin stubble was estimated at 25–42 kg N/ha, an N benefit similar to that estimated from agronomic trials. Wheat uptake of lupin-stubble 15N ranged from 9 to 27%. Of the stubble components, only the leaf contained sufficient quantities of mineralisable N to be an important source of N for wheat. At wheat maturity in the first experiment, losses of stubble 15N ranged from 13% (leaf) to 7% (stem). In the second experiment, losses of 15N were only observed from the high N treatments (leaf 8%, stem 15·5%). Stubble component chemistry appeared to affect net mineralisation and plant uptake differently. Across both experiments, annual net mineralisation best correlated (R = 0·69) with the N concentration of the stubble components. Wheat N uptake was strongly positively correlated with polysaccharide content (R = 0·89) but negatively correlated with lignin content (R = – 0·79). Although large quantities (58 and 98 kg N/ha) of soil-derived inorganic N were found in the root-zone (–1·0 m) of wheat sown after lupins, and attributed to the decomposition of lupin root systems and surface residues prior to the establishment of each experiment, it is concluded that the short-term decomposition of lupin stubble 15N results in a modest release of inorganic N. Consequently, the primary value of lupin stubble in the N economy of lupin : cereal rotations is to replenish the soil organic N reserve.

An assessment of the guidelines in Victoria, Australia, for land application of biosolids based on plant-available nitrogen

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Al-Dhumri ◽  
Firew H. Beshah ◽  
Nichola A. Porter ◽  
Barry Meehan ◽  
Roger Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Plant Available Nitrogen

In the application of biosolids to land for agricultural purposes, the supply of plant-available nitrogen (PAN) should match the crop requirements. This ensures that the crop yield is maximised while minimising the environmental risk from over-application. In Victoria, the amount to be applied is usually calculated according to the State EPA guidelines using the nitrogen limited biosolids application rates (NLBAR). These guidelines specify the mineralisation rates to be used in the NLBAR calculation for different types of biosolids. However, these rates have not been validated for Victorian soils and agricultural production systems. To test the veracity of these rates, this study quantified the amount of PAN for two different biosolids (anaerobically digested biosolids, ANDB; and aerobically digested biosolids, ADB) added to two types of soils, a sandy loam at Lara and a clay loam at the Melton Recycled Water Plant, Surbiton Park, Melton. The PAN was calculated by determining the N fertiliser equivalence of the biosolids. To achieve this, two field calibration plots were prepared, one for the biosolids and one for urea as the N fertiliser. Biosolids were applied based on total N at six rates (0, 68, 136, 204, 340 and 510 kg N ha–1); urea was applied at six rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 280 kg N ha–1). Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was planted 1 day after the application of biosolids and harvested after 120 days. The calculated amount of mineralisable organic N in ANDB was estimated to be 41% and 39% when applied to the clay loam and sandy loam soils, respectively; for ADB, it was 12% and 9%, respectively. These values indicate that the organic N mineralisation rates provided in the EPA Victoria guidelines (15% for ANDB and 25% for ADB) might not always be applicable. Also of note is that the values obtained for the each of the biosolids appear to be independent of the soil type.

Influence of soil type, crop management and weather on the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to winter wheat in spring

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Powlson ◽  
P. B. S. Hart ◽  
P. R. Poulton ◽  
A. E. Johnston ◽  
D. S. Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Percentage Loss

SUMMARY15N-labelled fertilizer was applied, in spring, to winter wheat crops in nine experiments in eastern England over a period of 4 years. Five were on Batcombe Series silty clay loam, two on Beccles Series sandy clay loam (with a mole-drained clay subsoil) and two on Cottenham Series sandy loam. In three of the experiments, different rates of fertilizer N were applied (up to 234 kg N/ha); in the others, a single rate (between 140 and 230 kg/ha) was used.Recovery of fertilizer N in the above-ground crop (grain, chaff, straw and stubble) ranged from 46 to 87% (mean 68%). The quantity of fertilizer N retained in the soil at harvest was remarkably constant between different experiments, averaging 18% where labelled N was applied as 15NH415NO3, but less (7–14%) where K16NO3 was applied. Of the labelled N present in soil to a depth of 70 cm, 84–88% was within the cultivated layer (0–23 cm).L70 = 5(± 1 63) + 0·264(±00352) R3accounted for 73% of the variation in the data where: L70 = percentage loss of fertilizer N from the crop: soil system, defined as percentage of labelled N not recovered in crop or in soil to a depth of 70 cm at the time of harvest; R3 = rainfall (in mm) in the 3 weeks following application of N fertilizer.There was a tendency for percentage loss of fertilizer N to be greater when a quantity of N in excess of that required for maximum grain yield was applied. However, a multiple regression relating loss both to rainfall and to quantity of N applied accounted for no more variance than the regression involving rainfall alone. In one experiment, early and late sowing were compared on the first wheat crop that followed oats. The loss of N from the early-sown crop, given fertilizer N late in spring, was only 4% compared with 26 % from the later-sown crop given N at the same time, so that sowing date had a marked effect on the loss of spring-applied fertilizer N.Uptake of unlabelled N, derived from mineralization of organic N in soil, autumn-applied N (where given) and from atmospheric inputs, was < 30 kg/ha on a low organic matter (0·08% total N) sandy soil but > 130 kg/ha when wheat followed potatoes or beans on soil containing c. 0·15 % total N. Unlabelled N accounted for 20–50% of the total N content of fertilized crops at harvest. About 50% of this unlabelled N had already been taken up by the time of fertilizer application in spring and the final quantity was closely correlated with the amount present in the crop at this time. Applications of labelled fertilizer N tended to increase uptake of unlabelled N by 10–20 kg/ha, compared to controls receiving no N fertilizer. This was probably due to pool substitution, i.e. labelled inorganic N standing proxy for unlabelled inorganic N that would otherwise have been immobilized or denitrified.

scholarly journals Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gioseffi ◽  
A. de Neergaard ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Uptake Rates

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a source of nitrogen (N) for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake, thereby resulting in similar total N uptake rates. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3− and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3− and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were generally about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50% of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3− did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3− uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic N.

scholarly journals Root-Derived Proteases as a Plant Tool to Access Soil Organic Nitrogen; Current Stage of Knowledge and Controversies

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Bartosz Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
N Cycle ◽  
Soil Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Pool

Anthropogenic deterioration of the global nitrogen (N) cycle emerges mainly from overuse of inorganic N fertilizers in nutrient-limited cropping systems. To counteract a further dysregulation of the N cycle, we need to improve plant nitrogen use efficiency. This aim may be reached via unravelling all plant mechanisms to access soil N, with special attention to the dominating high-molecular-mass N pool. Traditionally, we believe that inorganic N is the only plant-available N pool, however, more recent studies point to acquisition of organic N compounds, i.e., amino acids, short peptides, and proteins. The least known mechanism of plants to increase the N uptake is a direct increase of soil proteolysis via root-derived proteases. This paper provides a review of the knowledge about root-derived proteases and also controversies behind this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Nitrogen uptake strategies of mature conifers in Northeastern China, illustrated by the 15N natural abundance method

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xulun Zhou ◽  
Ang Wang ◽  
Erik A. Hobbie ◽  
Feifei Zhu ◽  
Xueyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Natural Abundance ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Larix Olgensis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Picea Koraiensis

Abstract Background Conifers partition different N forms from soil, including ammonium, nitrate, and dissolved organic N (DON), to sustain plant growth. Previous studies focused on inorganic N sources and specific amino acid forms using 15N labelling, but knowledge of the contribution of DON to mature conifers’ N uptake is still scarce. Here, we quantified the contribution of different N forms (DON vs. NH4+ vs. NO3−) to total N uptake, based on 15N natural abundance of plant and soil available N, in four mature conifers (Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris, Picea koraiensis, and Larix olgensis). Results DON contributed 31%, 29%, 28%, and 24% to total N uptake by Larix olgensis, Picea koraiensis, Pinus koraiensis, and Pinus sylvestris, respectively, whereas nitrate contributed 42 to 52% and ammonium contributed 19 to 29% of total N uptake for these four coniferous species. Conclusions Our results suggested that all four conifers could take up a relatively large proportion of nitrate, while DON was also an important N source for the four conifers. Given that DON was the dominant N form in study soil, such uptake pattern of conifers could be an adaptive strategy for plants to compete for the limited available N sources from soil so as to promote conifer growth and maintain species coexistence.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilizer value of animal slurries with different proportions of liquid and solid fractions: A 3-year study under field conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Betina Nørgaard Pedersen ◽  
Bent T. Christensen ◽  
Luca Bechini ◽  
Daniele Cavalli ◽  
Jørgen Eriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
First Year ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Availability ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

Abstract The plant availability of manure nitrogen (N) is influenced by manure composition in the year of application whereas some studies indicate that the legacy effect in following years is independent of the composition. The plant availability of N in pig and cattle slurries with variable contents of particulate matter was determined in a 3-year field study. We separated cattle and a pig slurry into liquid and solid fractions by centrifugation. Slurry mixtures with varying proportions of solid and liquid fraction were applied to a loamy sand soil at similar NH4+-N rates in the first year. Yields and N offtake of spring barley and undersown perennial ryegrass were compared to plots receiving mineral N fertilizer. The first year N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of total N in slurry mixtures decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction. The second and third season NFRV averaged 6.5% and 3.8% of total N, respectively, for cattle slurries, and 18% and 7.5% for pig slurries and was not related to the proportion of solid fraction. The estimated net N mineralization of residual organic N increased nearly linearly with growing degree days (GDD) with a rate of 0.0058%/GDD for cattle and 0.0116%/GDD for pig slurries at 2000–5000 GDD after application. In conclusion NFRV of slurry decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction in the first year. In the second year, NFRV of pig slurry N was significantly higher than that of cattle slurry N and unaffected by proportion between solid and liquid fraction.

Dynamics of nitrogen and dry-matter partitioning and accumulation in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in relation to extractable soil inorganic nitrogen

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Bowen ◽  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
P. M. A. Toivonen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Spring Planting ◽  
Extractable Soil ◽  
Soil Inorganic

The effects of six rates of N fertilization (0, 125, 250, 375, 500 and 625 kg N ha−1) on the dynamics of N utilization relative to extractable inorganic N in the soil profile were determined for broccoli in three growing seasons. The amount of pre-existing extractable inorganic N in the soil was lowest for the spring planting, followed by the early-summer then late-summer plantings. During the first 2 wk after transplanting, plant dry-matter (DM) and N accumulation rates were low, and because of the mineralization of soil organic N the extractable soil inorganic N increased over that added as fertilizer, especially in the top 30 cm. From 4 wk after transplanting until harvest, DM and N accumulation in the plants was rapid and corresponded to a rapid depletion of extractable inorganic N from the soil. At high N-fertilization rates, leaf and stem DM and N accumulations at harvest were similar among the three plantings. However, the rates of accumulation in the two summer plantings were higher before and lower after inflorescence initiation than those in the spring planting. Under N treatments of 0 and 125 kg ha−1, total N in leaf tissue and the rate of leaf DM accumulation decreased while inflorescences developed. There was little extractable inorganic soil-N during inflorescence development in plots receiving no N fertilizer, yet inflorescence dry weights and N contents were ≥50 and ≥30%, respectively, of the maxima achieved with N fertilization. These results indicate that substantial N is translocated from leaves to support broccoli inflorescence growth under conditions of low soil-N availability. Key words: N translocation, N fertilizer

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