scholarly journals Impacts of rice varieties and management on yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields in China: a meta-analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 19045-19069 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zheng ◽  
H. Huang ◽  
L. Yao ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
H. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
System A ◽  
Unit Yield

Abstract. Increasing numbers of studies have suggested that a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of cropping practices on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit yield (yield-scaled), rather than by land area (area-scaled), is needed to inform trade-off decisions to increase yields and reduce GHG emissions. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify impacts of rice varieties on the global warming potential (GWP) of GHG emissions at the yield scale in China. The results showed that significantly higher yield-scaled GWP occurred with indica rice varieties (1101.72 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1) compared to japonica rice varieties (711.38 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1). Lower yield-scaled GHG emissions occurred within 120–130 days of growth duration after transplanting (GDAT; 613.66 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1), followed by 90–100 days of GDAT (749.72 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1), 100–110 days of GDAT (794.29 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1), and 70–80 days of GDAT (800.85 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1). The greatest reduction, 41%, occurred at a rate of 150–200 kg N ha−1 relative to the non-fertilized control. Consequently, appropriate cultivar choice and pairs was of vital importance in the rice cropping system. A further life cycle assessment of GHG emissions among rice varieties at the yield scale is urgently needed to develop win–win policies for rice production to achieve higher yield with lower emissions.

scholarly journals Impacts of rice varieties and management on yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields in China: A meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3685-3693 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zheng ◽  
H. Huang ◽  
L. Yao ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
H. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
System A ◽  
Unit Yield

Abstract. Increasing numbers of studies have suggested that a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of cropping practices on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit yield (yield-scaled), rather than by land area (area-scaled), is needed to inform trade-off decisions to increase yields and reduce GHG emissions. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify impacts of rice varieties on the global warming potential (GWP) of GHG emissions at the yield scale in China. Our results showed that significantly higher yield-scaled GWP occurred with indica rice varieties (1101.72 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1) than japonica rice varieties (711.38 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1). Lower yield-scaled GHG emissions occurred within 120–130 days of growth duration after transplanting (GDAT; 613.66 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1), followed by 90–100 days of GDAT (749.72 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1, 100–110 days of GDAT (794.29 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1), and 70–80 days of GDAT (800.85 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1). The fertilizer rate of 150–200 kg N ha−1 resulted in the lowest yield-scaled GWP. Consequently, appropriate cultivar choice and pairs were of vital importance in the rice cropping system. A further life cycle assessment of GHG emissions among rice varieties at the yield scale is urgently needed to develop win–win policies for rice production to achieve higher yield with lower emissions.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Emissions of Newly Developed Rice Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Seied Mohsen Taghavi ◽  
Teodoro C. Mendoza ◽  
Bart Acero Jr ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Sameer Ali Siddiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Social Cost Of Carbon ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Soil Emissions ◽  
Post Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Breeding of rice varieties with low carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emission is essential in reducing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, we compared the gross CO2e emission of two newly developed green super rice (GSR) varieties with elite hybrids and nationally released farmer-cultivated varieties from production to post-production in the dry and wet seasons in Laguna, Philippines. The average gross CO2e emission was 17.9 tons CO2e ha-1 or 2.98 tons CO2e ton-1 rice (production 82%, post-production 18%). Contributing to this total were soil emissions at 72%, the use of chemicals at 5%, burning of rice straw at 3%, cooking at 12%, and transportation at 5%. The average social cost of carbon (SCC) per ton of rice was estimated at $119. Increasing grain yield per unit area with shorter growth duration decreased CO2e emission of rice per unit of weight. Cultivation of rice varieties GSR8 and GSR2 emitted 37.0% lower CO2e than the popular inbred varieties.

scholarly journals Selection of drought tolerant rice varieties for the western mid hills of Nepal

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
B. B. Adhikari ◽  
B. Mehera ◽  
S. M. Haefele
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Rice (Oryza sativa L) is the most important staple food crop in Nepal, but current yields are low and total production varies, mostly due to drought. To evaluate high yielding and drought tolerant rice genotypes in typical rainfed lowland conditions, a participatory varietal selection trials was conducted with farmers in farmer’s field at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal during the wet season 2009 and 2010. Trials were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with six replications. Results obtained from two years’ experiment indicated that the genotypes IR-74371-54-1 and IR74371-70-1 matured at the same duration as the local check Radha-4 (120-123 days growth duration). Both genotypes had a high average chlorophyll content (SPAD reading of 15.9-16.1), were medium tall (110-112 cm), non-lodging, had a high number of filled grains and little sterility, and a high grain yield (mean yield 5.0 and 4.8 t ha-1, respectively). They also had the highest root length (22.4-26.2 cm) and root weight (9.5-10 g hill-1) which could tolerate more drought than the other genotypes tested. The maximum cost/benefit ratio was found in IR-74371-54-1 (1:1.72) followed by IR-74371-70-1 (1:1.66) and IR-74371-46-1-1 (1:1.65). All three lines were highly preferred by farmers in preference rankings during field visits and were released in Nepal in 2011 as Sookhadhan-2, Sookhadhan-3 and Sookhadhan-1 varieties, respectively. They fit easily into the existing cropping system in rainfed lowlands, are economically viable and safe to cultivate for the farmers in the mid hills of Nepal.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science.Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 195-206

Effects of Tillage Systems on Greenhouse Gas Emission of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping System in North China Plain

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2526-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hua Wei ◽  
Er Peng Zhang ◽  
Fu Chen ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Hai Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Straw Retention ◽  
Tillage Methods

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agro-ecosystem have been widely concerned as a hot issue. Tillage methods siGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agro-ecosystem have been widely concerned as a hot issue. Tillage methods significantly affect GHG emissions in the farmland. This study was conducted on double cropping system of winter wheat and summer corn in North China with four treatments (conventional tillage CT, conventional tillage with straw retention CTS, no-tillage with straw retention NTS, rotary tillage with straw retention RTS). In order to study tillage effects on field GHG emissions, CO2, N2O and CH4emissions fluxes were collected. Results showed that soils of each the treatment were net sources of CO2, but RTS and NTS consumed atmospheric CH4, while N2O emission exhibited high annual flux in all the treatments except RTS; soil moisture contents in NTS were maximum (19.3%) and significantly higher compared to the other treatments (at P<0.05 level); CO2emission fluxes (g CO2m-2y-1) were generally in the order of CTS (6460.3) > CT (5568.4) > RTS (5421.2) > NTS (4200.1); integrated evaluation of field greenhouse effect indicated that it was mainly caused by CO2, with CH4and N2O as subsidiary components; total greenhouse effect under different tillage treatments was followed NTS < RTS < CT < CTS in North China Plain.

Geographic pattern of variation among Asian native rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) based on fifteen isozyme loci

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Glaszmann
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Himalayan Foothills

The geographic pattern of isozyme variation among rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in Asia is described based on an electrophoretic survey of 1688 accessions for 15 loci. The distribution patterns are strongly determined by the existence of several varietal groups that are characterized by contrasting multilocus types with dissimilar environmental and macrogeographic distributions. The two main groups correspond to the indica and japonica subspecies. Other types are frequently found in the Indian subcontinent, especially along the Himalayan foothills. These types are predominant in the Indus River basin. They are differentiated into four groups in the eastern part of the Himalayan foothills. There is variation within the groups. Non-random allele distributions are observed, such as regional clines and narrow localization of alleles. Diversity among indica rice is evenly distributed in whole tropical Asia. Variation among japonica rice shows the hilly part of continental Southeast Asia to be the region of highest genetic diversity and its probable area of origin. All this information provides a guide for further analysis aimed at elucidating the history of cultivated rice in Asia and, subsequently, in other continents.Key words: Asian rice, genetic diversity, isozymes, geographic distributions.

scholarly journals Embedded Seed Technology and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions: A Meta-Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanier Nalley ◽  
Michael Popp ◽  
Zara Niederman
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Physiological Quality

Agriculture's significant global contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has spurred consumer and retailer interest in GHG mitigation and may lead to incentive programs for producers to lessen GHG emissions. Along those lines, a producer choice is the use of embedded seed technology designed to enhance the marketable portion of yield through improved disease, weed, and pest management with the same or lower use of inputs. This article examines commonalities and differences across three recent studies on rice, sweet corn, and cotton, which addressed the impacts of embedded seed technology on yield, input use, and GHG emissions. Embedded seed technology can be any method of improving the physical or genetic characteristics of a seed. These seed enhancements can include physiological quality, vigor, and synchronicity (consistency across seedlings in time of emergence and size) through traditional breeding, hybrid breeding, or biotechnology.

scholarly journals Screening and Expression of a Silicon Transporter Gene(Lsi1)in Wild-Type Indica Rice Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbod Sahebi ◽  
Mohamed M. Hanafi ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
Parisa Azizi ◽  
Rambod Abiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Silicon Transporter ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Japonica Rice Variety

Silicon (Si) is one of the most prevalent elements in the soil. It is beneficial for plant growth and development, and it contributes to plant defense against different stresses. TheLsi1gene encodes a Si transporter that was identified in a mutant Japonica rice variety. This gene was not identified in fourteen Malaysian rice varieties during screening. Then, a mutant version ofLsi1was substituted for the native version in the three most common Malaysian rice varieties, MR219, MR220, and MR276, to evaluate the function of the transgene. Real-time PCR was used to explore the differential expression ofLsi1in the three transgenic rice varieties. Silicon concentrations in the roots and leaves of transgenic plants were significantly higher than in wild-type plants. Transgenic varieties showed significant increases in the activities of the enzymes SOD, POD, APX, and CAT; photosynthesis; and chlorophyll content; however, the highest chlorophyll A and B levels were observed in transgenic MR276. Transgenic varieties have shown a stronger root and leaf structure, as well as hairier roots, compared to the wild-type plants. This suggests thatLsi1plays a key role in rice, increasing the absorption and accumulation of Si, then alters antioxidant activities, and improves morphological properties.

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