Indikator zur Quantifizierung der Wirksamkeit von Anpassungsmaßnahmen an Hitze im Freiraum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta Moderow ◽  
Valeri Goldberg ◽  
Astrid Ziemann
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Thermal Index ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Cooling Effects

<p>Der grundsätzliche Zusammenhang zwischen dem mikroskaligen Klima einer Stadt, ihrer Struktur und Grünraumausstattung ist vielfach belegt. In Hinblick auf den Klimawandel stellt urbanes Grün eine wichtige Anpassungsmaßnahme (AM) an Hitze dar, dessen Bewahrung und Förderung bei gleichzeitiger baulicher Verdichtung eine stete Herausforderung ist. Vor dem Hintergrund der begrenzten personellen und finanziellen Ressourcen vieler Städte ist es daher wichtig, die Wirksamkeit verschiedener AM zu quantifizieren und zu bewerten, um passgenaue AM in Stadtquartieren priorisieren zu können. Hierzu ist es notwendig, den verantwortlichen Akteuren angepasste Methoden, z.B. Indikatorensets, für die Entscheidungsfindung bereitzustellen. Diese Voraussetzung ist bisher unzureichend erfüllt (z.B. Barthesaghi Koc et al. 2018).</p> <p>Im Verbundprojekt ‚HeatResilientCity-II‘ (HRC-II) wurde daher ein Indikatorset basierend auf Stadtklimasimulationen (ENVI-met, Bruse 1999) entwickelt, welches eine erste, vereinfachte Quantifizierung der Wirksamkeit von AM an Hitze erlaubt. Zur Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit der AM wird dabei ein bioklimatischer Index verwandt (UTCI; Universal Thermal Climate Index, Jendritzky et al. 2012), sodass direkt Aussagen zur Änderung der thermischen Belastung des Menschen ermöglicht werden. Hierbei werden sowohl Bedingungen am Tag als auch in der Nacht adressiert und so dem Umstand Rechnung getragen, dass nicht alle AM für alle Tageszeiten gleich wirksam sind. In einer ersten Version werden zwei verschiedene Kategorien umgesetzt, zum einen die Quantifizierung der Wirkung von AM für Einzelflächen begrenzter Ausdehnung und zum anderen für Straßenbegleitgrün. </p> <p>Dem Nutzer wird eine Auswahl von Flächen bereitgestellt, welche unterschiedliche Anpassungsmaßnahmen repräsentieren und die jeweils mittels eines Steckbriefes kurz beschrieben werden. Derzeit stehen für die Kategorie Einzelmaßnahmen begrenzter Ausdehnung 39 Flächen zur Verfügung und für die Beurteilung von Straßenbegleitgrün 25 Flächen. Die zugehörigen UTCI-Werte sind entsprechend in einer Datenbank hinterlegt und ermöglichen somit einen Vergleich der thermischen Belastung verschiedener Beispielflächen.</p> <p>Die Entwicklung des Indikatorsets erfolgt in Zusammenarbeit mit Praxispartnern aus zwei Städten (Erfurt und Dresden) mit dem Ziel das Indikatorset nutzerfreundlich zu gestalten.</p> <p> </p> <p>Literatur</p> <p>Bartesaghi Koc, C., Osmond, P., and Peters, A.: Evaluating the cooling effects of green infrastructure: A systematic review of methods, indicators and data sources, Solar Energy, 166, 486–508, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.03.008, 2018.</p> <p>Bruse, M.: Die Auswirkungen kleinskaliger Umweltgestaltung auf das Mikroklima. Entwicklung des prognostischen numerischen Models ENVI-Met zur Simulation der Wind-, Temperatur- und Feuchterverteilung in städtischen Strukturen, Universität Bochum, Bochum, 1999, https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-440.</p> <p>Jendritzky, G., Dear, R. de, and Havenith, G.: UTCI—Why another thermal index?, Int J Biometeorol, 56, 421–428, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0513-7, 2012.</p>

UTCI as the NWP model ALADIN (CHMI) output – first experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249
Author(s):  
Martin Novák
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Weather Prediction ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Numerical Weather ◽  
Weather Forecasters ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Nwp Model

The article includes a summary of basic information about the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) calculation by the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model ALADIN of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI). Examples of operational outputs for weather forecasters in the CHMI are shown in the first part of this work. The second part includes results of a comparison of computed UTCI values by ALADIN for selected place with UTCI values computed from real measured meteorological data from the same place.

scholarly journals Universal thermal climate index in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Actual Environment ◽  
Almost All

The paper uses the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) to estimate the bioclimate in Russia, initiated by the Commission of the International society of Biometeorology. The UTCI index can be described as equivalent environment temperature (°C), which provides the same physiological impact on humans as the actual environment. Assessment of bioclimatic conditions is shown for the territory of Russia in the period of modern climate change (2001–2015). Cold stress conditions (from low to extreme) were observed in the almost all territory of Russia for about 8–11 months a year. During the rest of the year, the conditions are neutral or comfortable. The period of extreme and very high cold stress is reduced during the modern climate warming (compared to the period 1961–1990), especially in the Arctic, in the European part of Russia, in Western and Eastern Siberia. At the same time, the period with neutral and comfortable thermal conditions increases.

scholarly journals The evaluation of biothermal conditions for various forms of climatic therapy based on UTCI adjusted for activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lindner-Cendrowska ◽  
Peter Bröde
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activities ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Adjustment Procedure ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Health Resorts ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions

The objective of this study was to assess biothermal conditions in the selected Polish health resorts for specific forms of climatic therapy. We calculated Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for ten-year period (2008- 2017) and then added adjustment terms, taking into account changes in metabolic rates during various physical activities from resting to vigorous exercise. The adjusted UTCI values increased with rising activity, implying that warmer parts of the year were unsuitable for intensive forms of climatotherapy. These results demonstrate that the UTCI adjustment procedure provides well-balanced assessments of bioclimatic conditions for the purpose of climatic treatment considering the level of activity

scholarly journals Bioclimatic Conditions of Paris, Rome and Budapest on the Basis of the Universal Thermal Climate Index

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Idzikowska
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the main features of the bioclimatic conditions of three European cities using a new Universal Thermal Climate Index. Daily values of meteorological variables for 12 UTC for the cities for 1990-2001 were used in the study. Using the frequency of UTCI and one-way Anova, the results showed that in all the three cities “no thermal stress” dominated throughout the year. “Extreme” values of heat as well as “cold stress” were observed but in none of the cities “extreme cold stress” occurred. The values of UTCI differed for all the three cities in each studied year. The cities differed from each other in each month during the whole year with the exception of spring - March and April.

scholarly journals Principles of the New Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and its Application to Bioclimatic Research in European Scale

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Błażejczyk ◽  
Peter Broede ◽  
Dusan Fiala ◽  
George Havenith ◽  
Ingvar Holmér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Special Study Group ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Physiological Reactions

Abstract During the last century about 100 indices were developed to assess influences of the atmosphere on human being. However, most of them have not close relationships with physiological reactions in man. In 1999 International Society of Biometeorology established special study group do develop new Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Since 2005 these efforts have been reinforced by the COST Action 730 (Cooperation in Science and Technical Development). In February 2009 the Action was terminated and UTCI was developed. The new UTCI index represents air temperature of the reference condition with the same physiological response as the actual condition. The index base on Fiala model that is one of the most advanced multi-node thermophysiological models and include the capability to predict both whole body thermal effects (hypothermia and hyperthermia; heat and cold discomfort), and local effects (facial, hands and feet cooling and frostbite). The model consists of two interacting systems: the controlling active system; and the controlled passive system. The assessment scale of UTCI bases on the intensity of objective physiological reactions to environmental heat stress in wide range of weather and climates. The index can be applicable in various research, for example in weather forecasts, bioclimatological assessments, bioclimatic mapping in all scales (from micro to macro), urban design, engineering of outdoor spaces, consultancy for where to live, outdoor recreation and climatotherapy, epidemiology and climate impact research. The paper presents thermophysiological principles of UTCI as well as some examples of its application to assess bioclimatic differentiation of Europe.

Reflective Parking Lots for Microscale Urban Heat Island Mitigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (8) ◽  
pp. 663-671
Author(s):  
Sushobhan Sen ◽  
Juan Pablo Ricardo Mendèz-Ruiz Fernandèz ◽  
Jeffery Roesler
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Urban Heat

Paved surfaces, especially parking lots, occupy a significant proportion of the horizontal surface area in cities. The low albedo of many of these parking lots contribute to the urban heat island (UHI) and affect the local microclimate around them. The albedo of six parking lots in Champaign-Urbana, U.S., was measured using a ground-based albedometer and was found to vary between 0.18 and 0.28, with a statistically significant variation in albedo at different points within each parking lot. The numerical model ENVI-met was then employed to model the microclimate around one of these lots to examine the potential of increasing its albedo to mitigate UHI. The higher albedo decreased the air temperature over the parking lot by about 1°C. Furthermore, the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), which combines the effects of air temperature, reflected radiation, wind speed, clothing, metabolism, and humidity, demonstrated that increasing the albedo of the parking lot could improve overall pedestrian thermal comfort and even eliminate it during several hours of the day, and thus mitigate the UHI effect.

Heat stress and outdoor activities in open spaces of public housing estates in Hong Kong: A perspective of the elderly community

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2095044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxiang Huang ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Phil Jones ◽  
Tongping Hao
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Housing Estates

Open spaces in Hong Kong are in short supply and they are often underused due to the adverse climate, especially in hot and humid summer. This is a missed opportunity that can be otherwise realized to promote health and social interactions for local communities. The high density urban environment makes the condition worse by raising the urban heat island effect and leaving planners with fewer mitigation options. This study aims to test the hypotheses that an unfavourable thermal environment disrupts the use of outdoor open spaces; if yes, whether such disruptions differ by age groups. On-site measurement and computer simulations were conducted in three open spaces in public housing estates in Ngau Tau Kok, Hong Kong. Thermal conditions were assessed using the Universal Thermal Climate Index. Occupant activities were recorded, together with a questionnaire survey. Results showed that an open space purposefully designed for breeze and shading was 2.0°C cooler in Universal Thermal Climate Index compared with the other two. It attracted more optional/social activities, higher frequency of visits, and longer duration of stay. The elderly activities were more susceptible to disruptions from heat stress compared with younger groups. Elderly activities largely diminish when ambient thermal environment exceed 39°C in Universal Thermal Climate Index. Findings have implications to design and retrofitting of open spaces in order to maximize their use.

scholarly journals Comparing Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) with selected thermal indices/environmental parameters during 12 months of the year

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Zare ◽  
Naser Hasheminejad ◽  
Hossein Elahi Shirvan ◽  
Rasoul Hemmatjo ◽  
Keyvan Sarebanzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Thermal Climate

scholarly journals Bioclimatic conditions of Lublin based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Mateusz Dobek ◽  
Sylwester Wereski ◽  
Agnieszka Krzyżewska
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to describe bioclimatic conditions in Lublin and Radawiec in the period 1976–2015 using the UTCI index. The paper shows that in Lublin and Radawiec, the most frequent biometeorological conditions caused no heat stress and were neutral for the human organism. At the analysed stations, biometeorological conditions causing cold stress occurred more frequently than those causing heat stress. Biometeorological conditions in the analysed period were characterised by high year-to-year variability. We observed that in recent years there was an increase in frequency of conditions favouring heat stress and a decrease in conditions favouring cold stress.

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