Deglaciation, volcanism and seismicity: the Icelandic record in the northern Atlantic during the Eemian and the Holocene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte van Vliet-Lanoe
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Orbital Forcing ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Lacustrine Deposits ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Line ◽  
Northern Atlantic ◽  
Large Earthquakes

<p>Deglaciation, volcanism and seismicity: the Icelandic record in the northern Atlantic during the Eemian and the Holocene</p><p>Van Vliet-Lanoë Brigitte <sup>(1)</sup>, Guillou Hervé <sup>(2)</sup>, Bergerat Françoise<sup>(3</sup>), Chazot Gilles<sup>(1)</sup>, Innocent Christophe <sup>(4)</sup>,  Nonotte Philippe<sup>(1)</sup> , Liorzou Céline<sup>(1)</sup></p><ul><li>1) Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS UMR 6538 Géosciences Océan 29280 Plouzané, France. [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]</li> <li>2) CNRS-CEA, UMR 8212 LSCE. Gif /Yvette, France. [email protected]</li> <li>3) Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (ISTeP), UMR 7193, 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris, France, [email protected]</li> <li>4) BRGM – LAB/ISO, Orléans cedex 2- France - [email protected]</li> </ul><p> </p><p>Large estuarine and lacustrine deposits in South, S-W, North and NE (Van Vliet-Lanoë et al., 2007, 2010, 2018), Iceland allow a fair record of the history of the deglaciation at MIS 3/2, 2/1, late 1 and MIS 6/5e, late 5e periods, consolidated with dating (Guillou et al. 2010, 2019, VVL et al. 2018). Pulsed deglaciations are all under control of orbital forcing and DO events, in association with a modification in the path of the Irminger current. In both systems, the history of the volcanic activity for Grἰmsvötn, Bárðarbunga, Askja and Hekla volcanoes are very similar, in connection with glacial unloading history. Tectonic activity and seismicity increased temporarily during deglaciation events leading to the discrete activity of inland SDR (Bourgeois et al., 2005, Bergerat & Plateau, 2012). Large earthquakes are restricted to full interglacial conditions (VVL et al., 2005, - on line). Hyaloclastite ridges are ice margin features related to long partial unloading events. The extent of these patterns to full glacial conditions revealed very unstable ice sheets under control of DO events and the associated gravitational spreading, leading to the formation of temporary ice shelves or grounded glacier margins.  </p><p> </p><p>Bergerat, F., Plateaux, R. 2012. C.R. Geoscience, 344, 3-4, 191-204. doi : 10.1016/j.crte.2011.12.005,</p><p>Bourgeois O, Dauteuil O., Hallot E.   2005. Geodyn. Acta 18/1, 1-22.</p><p>Guillou, H., Scao, V., Nomade, S., Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Liorzou, C., Guðmundsson, Á., 2019. 40. Quater.Sci. Rev., 209, 52-62.</p><p>Guillou, H., Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Gudmundsson, A., Nomade, S., 2010. Quater. Geochr. 5 (1), 10-19.</p><p>Van Vliet-Lanoë B., Bourgeois O., Dauteuil O., Embry J.C., Guillou H., Schneider J.L. 2005. Geodyn Acta  18, 81-100.</p><p>Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Bergerat, F., Allemand, P., Innocent, D, C., Guillou, H., Cavailhes, T., Liorzou C, Grandjean,  P. Passot, S. On line Quater. Res., 1-27. DOI:10.1017/QUA.2019.68</p><p>Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Guðmundsson, A., Guillou, H., Duncan, R.A., Genty, D., Gassem, B., Gouy, S., Récourt, P., Scaillet, S. 2007 CRAS Géosciences 339, 1-12.</p><p>Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Guðmundsson, Á., Guillou, H., Van Loon, A.J., De Vleeschouwer, F. Geologos 16(4), p.201–223. 2010.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of melting ice sheets and orbital forcing on the early Holocene warming in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1119-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurui Zhang ◽  
Hans Renssen ◽  
Heikki Seppä
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Orbital Forcing ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Northern Canada

Abstract. The early Holocene is marked by the final transition from the last deglaciation to the relatively warm Holocene. Proxy-based temperature reconstructions suggest a Northern Hemisphere warming, but also indicate important regional differences. Model studies have analyzed the influence of diminishing ice sheets and other forcings on the climate system during the Holocene. The climate response to forcings before 9 kyr BP (referred to hereafter as kyr), however, remains not fully comprehended. We therefore studied, by employing the LOVECLIM climate model, how orbital and ice-sheet forcings contributed to climate change and to these regional differences during the earliest part of the Holocene (11.5–7 kyr). Our equilibrium experiment for 11.5 kyr suggests lower annual mean temperatures at the onset of the Holocene than in the preindustrial era with the exception of Alaska. The magnitude of this cool anomaly varied regionally, and these spatial patterns are broadly consistent with proxy-based reconstructions. Temperatures throughout the whole year in northern Canada and northwestern Europe for 11.5 kyr were 2–5 °C lower than those of the preindustrial era as the climate was strongly influenced by the cooling effect of the ice sheets, which was caused by enhanced surface albedo and ice-sheet orography. In contrast, temperatures in Alaska for all seasons for the same period were 0.5–3 °C higher than the control run, which were caused by a combination of orbital forcing and stronger southerly winds that advected warm air from the south in response to prevailing high air pressure over the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). The transient experiments indicate a highly inhomogeneous early Holocene temperature warming over different regions. The climate in Alaska was constantly cooling over the whole Holocene, whereas there was an overall fast early Holocene warming in northern Canada by more than 1 °C kyr−1 as a consequence of progressive LIS decay. Comparisons of simulated temperatures with proxy records illustrate uncertainties related to the reconstruction of ice-sheet melting, and such a kind of comparison has the potential to constrain the uncertainties in ice-sheet reconstruction. Overall, our results demonstrate the variability of the climate during the early Holocene, both in terms of spatial patterns and temporal evolution.

scholarly journals Good vibrations: living with the motions of our unsettled planet

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-327
Author(s):  
Tamsin Badcoe ◽  
Ophelia Ann George ◽  
Lucy Donkin ◽  
Shirley Pegna ◽  
John Michael Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Broadband Seismometer ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Convective Motions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract. By its very nature Earth is unsettled and in continual motion. Earthquakes and volcanoes are an expression of the convective motions of the planet, and our existence on Earth is a consequence of this tectonic activity. Yet, as humans, we often struggle to understand our role in relation to such unpredictable natural phenomena and use different methods to attempt to find order in nature's chaos. In dwelling on the surface of our “unsettled planet”, we adapt and live with a range of ground vibrations, both natural and anthropogenic in origin. Our project, funded by the University of Bristol's Brigstow Institute, seeks to explore how we perceive and understand the shaky ground we live on, using an interdisciplinary approach that brings together the Earth sciences, the history of art and literature, and performance art. Inspired by historical commentary in the aftermath of large earthquakes, which frequently notes the unscheduled ringing of church bells excited by the shaking around them, we reflect on how these purported unscheduled bell-ringing events were caused not only by near earthquakes but also by distant incidents. To investigate this phenomenon, we installed a state-of-the-art broadband seismometer in the Wills Memorial Building tower to record how Great George (the tower bell) responds to the restless world around him. The installed seismometer has been recording activity around and within the tower on a near-continuous basis between late-March 2018 and January 2019. Here, we present the signals recorded by the seismometer as Great George overlooks the hustle and bustle of the city around him and investigate how connected we are to our unsettled planet, even from our tectonically quiet setting in Bristol. We find that the seismometer not only shows the ebb and flow of activity in and around Bristol but also registers earthquakes from as nearby as Lincolnshire, UK, or as far away as Fiji, halfway around the world. In order to contextualize our findings, our project also considers what determines how people have responded to earth-shaking events, drawing on both historical and recent examples, and looks to contemporary art practice to consider how an awareness of our unsettled planet can be communicated in new ways. The project has led to a number of art installations and performances, and feedback from artists and audiences shows how making art can be used to both investigate our connections with the Earth and to articulate (and even accept) the uncertainties inherent in encountering unstable ground.

scholarly journals Tectonic Evolution of the SE West Siberian Basin (Russia): Evidence from Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology of Its Exposed Crystalline Basement

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Vetrov ◽  
Johan De Grave ◽  
Natalia I. Vetrova ◽  
Fedor I. Zhimulev ◽  
Simon Nachtergaele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Fission Track ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Apatite Fission Track ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Fission Track Thermochronology ◽  
History Of ◽  
West Siberian Basin

The West Siberian Basin (WSB) is one of the largest intracratonic Meso-Cenozoic basins in the world. Its evolution has been studied over the recent decades; however, some fundamental questions regarding the tectonic evolution of the WSB remain unresolved or unconfirmed by analytical data. A complete understanding of the evolution of the WSB during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras requires insights into the cooling history of the basement rocks as determined by low-temperature thermochronometry. We presented an apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology study on the exposed parts of the WSB basement in order to distinguish tectonic activation episodes in an absolute timeframe. AFT dating of thirteen basement samples mainly yielded Cretaceous cooling ages and mean track lengths varied between 12.8 and 14.5 μm. Thermal history modeling based on the AFT data demonstrates several Mesozoic and Cenozoic intracontinental tectonic reactivation episodes affected the WSB basement. We interpreted the episodes of tectonic activity accompanied by the WSB basement exhumation as a far-field effect from tectonic processes acting on the southern and eastern boundaries of Eurasia during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic eras.

Volcanic history of El Chichón Volcano (Chiapas, Mexico) during the Holocene, and its impact on human activity

2000 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Espíndola ◽  
J. L. Macías ◽  
R. I. Tilling ◽  
M. F. Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Volcanic History ◽  
El Chichón Volcano ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chichón Volcano ◽  
El Chichon

On-Line Documentation Systems: History and Issues

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Limanowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Electronic Data Processing ◽  
Documentation System ◽  
Electronic Data ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Line ◽  
Documentation Systems ◽  
Paper Documentation

The present paper provides a brief history of Electronic Data Processing Systems and their supporting user documentation. The problems inherent to paper documentation are highlighted. Techniques employed to improve on-line reject messages in addition to the development of an online user documentation system are discussed. Future challenges facing the human factors specialist involved in development of on-line documentation are outlined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document