Evaluation of riparian forest water supply with groundwater monitoring and numerical modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Gribovszki ◽  
Csaba Cseke ◽  
Péter Csáki ◽  
László Horváth ◽  
Péter Kalicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Groundwater Monitoring ◽  
Riparian Zone ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Impact

<p>Riparian zone forests are a special type of agro-forestry systems. As buffer zones protect stream systems against stress factors. These ecosystems are diverse so ecologically valuable, on the other hand, they are valuable (because of high productivity) from an economic viewpoint as well.</p><p>Riparian forests are very vulnerable because they strongly depend on surplus water (shallow groundwater or seasonally flooded condition). Long drought periods caused by changing climate induce lowering of the water table and shortening flooded periods. With reasonably designed water supply systems, these negative processes can be stopped, and valuable ecosystems can be preserved.</p><p>The effect of an artificial structures (new lakes and bottom thresholds) induced water supply was evaluated in Kaszó Forest (Somogy county, Hungary). Eco-Hydrological monitoring (groundwater and phenological) was conducted on 14 regular (under the effect of water supply interventions) and 4 control plots in different forest ecosystems. The impact of water supply interventions was interpreted with spatio-temporal groundwater level difference analysis and found that surplus water had a positive effect on the riparian zone water table (40-50 cm rise in the neighbourhood of new lakes) and vegetation.</p><p>A complex field monitoring (hydro-meteorological and phenological measurements) was conducted on three representative locations. 1-D Hydrus model was successfully calibrated for an alder and two common oak forest plots. Diurnal signal of groundwater levels was used for ET estimation in the model. Model results showed that groundwater uptake of forest vegetation was significantly increased (30%) regarding water supply interventions.</p><p>Acknowledgements: The research was supported by EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00018 in University of Sopron project.</p><p>Keywords: riparian forest, water supply, groundwater monitoring, 1-D Hydrus model</p>

scholarly journals Managing Water Quality in Intermittent Supply Systems: The Case of Mukono Town, Uganda

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Takuya Sakomoto ◽  
Mahmood Lutaaya ◽  
Edo Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Intermittent Water Supply ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supply Systems

Intermittent water supply networks risk microbial and chemical contamination through multiple mechanisms. In particular, in the cities of developing countries, where intrusion through leaky pipes are more prevalent and the sanitation systems coverage is low, contaminated water can be a public health hazard. Although countries using intermittent water supply systems aim to change to continuous water supply systems—for example, Kampala city is targeting to change to continuous water supply by 2025 through an expansion and rehabilitation of the pipe infrastructure—it is unlikely that this transition will happen soon because of rapid urbanisation and economic feasibility challenges. Therefore, water utilities need to find ways to supply safe drinking water using existing systems until gradually changing to a continuous supply system. This study describes solutions for improving water quality in Mukono town in Uganda through a combination of water quality monitoring (e.g., identifying potential intrusion hotspots into the pipeline using field measurements) and interventions (e.g., booster chlorination). In addition to measuring and analyses of multiple chemical and microbial water quality parameters, we used EPANET 2.0 to simulate the water quality dynamics in the transport pipeline to assess the impact of interventions.

scholarly journals Circuit Rider post-construction support: improvements in domestic water quality and system sustainability in El Salvador

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia L. Kayser ◽  
William Moomaw ◽  
Jose Miguel Orellana Portillo ◽  
Jeffrey K. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
System Sustainability ◽  
The Impact

Small piped water supply systems are often unable to provide reliable, microbiologically safe, and sustainable service over time, and this has direct impacts on public health. Circuit Rider (CR) post-construction support (PCS) addresses this through the provision of technical, financial, and operational assistance to these systems. CRPCS operates in low and high-income countries; yet, no rigorous studies of CRPCS exist. We measured the impact of CRPCS on ‘water quality’ and ‘sustainability’ indicators (technical and administrative capacity, and water supply protection) in El Salvador. In this field-based study, a case-control design was utilized in 60 randomly selected case (28 CR) and comparable control (32 noCR) communities. Microbiological water quality tests and pre-tested structured key-informant interviews were conducted. The operational costs of CRPCS were also assessed. Data were compared using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. We found communities with CRPCS had significantly lower microbiological water contamination, better disinfection rates, higher water fee payment rates, greater transparency (measured by auditable banking records), greater rates of household metering, and higher spending for repairs and water treatment than comparable control communities. CRPCS is also a low-cost (<$1 per household/year in El Salvador) drinking water intervention.

Climate change vs. human impact. A look into Austrian groundwater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Christoph Haas ◽  
Steffen Birk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Special Role ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Human Use ◽  
The Impact

<p>Climate change is mostly associated with the term of “global warming” and thus conjures images of a hotter and dryer future. Indeed, the Alpine region already has seen much higher warming compared to the average of the northern hemisphere [1]. However, because of the impact of other climate variables (e.g. precipitation) and vegetation responses, warming does not necessarily have to mean higher evapotranspiration and dryer conditions [2]. This matter is further complicated as groundwater is closely interlinked with surface water. While surface water is of course related to precipitation, it is also one of the major pathways for humans to have a large and direct impact on the water cycle, e.g. by the construction of run-of-river powerplants. A further direct human impact is the abstraction of groundwater. For this factor, it is generally understood that water use increased with economic activity until the rise of environmentalism in the 1980s and more efficient water use stopped this trend and turned it into a decrease in many industrialized countries.</p><p> </p><p>Assessing impacts of climate change on groundwater resources therefore is a challenging task. In order to assess these, as well as direct human impacts on groundwater, we analyzed a large dataset (1017 groundwater level-, 426 stream stage- and 646 precipitation time series) covering Austria from earlier than 1930 until 2015, with the majority of the data from the 1970s on.</p><p> </p><p>It is shown that groundwater shows a strong falling trend, followed by a rise, fitting the human water use, whereas precipitation shows a more moderate trend. River stages show a completely deviating behavior before the 1980s but also follow the rising trend afterwards [3]. While this does not yet prove a causal link, it does highlight the possibility that human use could affect groundwater levels more than the climate, especially since Austria almost exclusively uses groundwater for human use and the wells in the dataset are all located in the populated lowlands.</p><p> </p><p>Going beyond [3], we take a closer look at the history and future of the human factor, namely water abstraction for public water supply and the effects of humans on rivers. We show that Austria has a very particular form of water supply, mainly due to the special role of the capital, Vienna, whose history could see a repeat in the near future. Under a changing climate, there is also a possibility for further changes in Austria’s rivers. In addition to effects of such changes on groundwater levels, we try to address potential impacts on the chemical quality and ecological status of groundwater.</p><p> </p><p>References:</p><p>[1] Gobiet et al., 2014, 21<sup>st</sup> century climate change in the European alps-a review. Sci. Total. Environ. 493, 1138 – 1151.</p><p>[2] Pangle et al., 2014, Rainfall seasonality and an ecohydrological feedback offset the potential impact of climate warming on evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge, Water Resour. Res., 50, 1308–1321</p><p>[3] Haas & Birk, 2019, Trends in Austrian groundwater – climate or human impact? J. Hydrol.: Reg. Stud. 22, 100597</p>

scholarly journals Integrated hydraulic modelling of water supply and urban drainage networks for assessment of decentralized options

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1817-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sitzenfrei ◽  
W. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Water Infrastructure ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Water Age ◽  
The Impact

The impact of climate change, water scarcity, land use change, population growth and also population shrinking can only be predicted with uncertainties. Especially for assets with a long planning horizon this is a critical part for planning and design. One solution is to make centralized organized water infrastructure with a long-planning horizon resilient and adaptive. For existing centralized infrastructure such a transition would be to increasingly implement decentralized measures. But such a transition can cause severe impacts on existing centralized infrastructure. Low flow conditions in urban drainage systems can cause sediment deposition, and for water supply systems water age problems may occur. This work focuses on city-scale analysis for assessing the impact of such measures. For that a coupled model for integrated city-scale analysis is applied and further developed. In addition, a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach for sensitivity analysis is enhanced and also implemented in that model. The developed approach is applied to assess the water infrastructure of an alpine case study. With the obtained results it is demonstrated how the planning process is enhanced by indicating where and where not to implement decentralized measures in an existing water infrastructure.

Groundwater levels under climate change in the Gnangara system, Western Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian H. Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rainfall Reduction ◽  
The Impact

The Gnangara system is the main source of freshwater for Perth, Western Australia. However, aquifers in the region are under severe stress due to a drying climate, intensive pumping and changes in land use. The aim of this study is to apply the mean rainfall cumulative deviation and Mann-Kendall analyses at 77 monitoring bores to investigate the response of the water table to key recharge components. This information is critical for setting new allocation limits and reviewing current policies in the region. Results show that overall there is a good correspondence between water levels and rainfall fluctuations. Areas of groundwater recharge are highly sensitive to climate change and have been severely affected by reduction in rainfall rates in recent years. Further, removal of pine plantations correlated well with a rise in groundwater levels although the effect seems to be temporary. The impact of pumping is mainly observed in vicinities of public-supply borefields. Elsewhere, water table trends show a relative stabilisation indicating that storage still exceeds the influence of rainfall reduction in areas dominated by through flow or groundwater discharge. The study contributes to update the status of the Gnangara groundwater resource, and provides new insights for the sustainable management of one of the main aquifer systems in Australia.

scholarly journals Investigation of Water Loss from Pipes Located in Various Relief Features of Iaşi County

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Ștefania Chirica ◽  
Mihail Luca ◽  
Iustina Lateș
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Water losses are present in all water supply system pipes. Their parameters and value vary depending on the constructional and functional features of the pipes (diameter, material, pressure, embedding environment, location, position etc.). The phenomenon is present in all water supply systems networks in Romania as well as globally. The water supply pipes within the regional water supply system are located in areas with diversified relief, from plateaus and hills to plains. The studies and researches were carried out in the geographical placement area of the Timişeşti-Iaşi pipeline. The geographic area studied is enclosed in Siret and Prut hydrographic basins. The paper aims to establish a correlation between the detection methods of water leaks from pipes and the areal relief features in Iaşi County. At the same time, it is highlighted the impact of the variation of the geographical relief characteristics on the water loss management on different type of pipes.

scholarly journals Improving the Efficiency of Distributed Water Supply Systems by Means of an Adjustable Electric Drive

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Mykola Moshnoriz ◽  
Serhiy Babiy ◽  
Alexander Payanok ◽  
Alexey Zhukov ◽  
Dmytro Protsenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Pumping Station ◽  
Pumping Units ◽  
The Impact

The water supply of the pumping station must meet the needs of the consumer which change during the day. Therefore, its performance needs to be adjusted. Any deviation of the pump unit’s performance from the nominal value leads to additional energy costs. Under such conditions, great importance is paid to optimising the operation of electric drives of the water supply pumping station. To regulate the performance of a pumping station, it is often resorted to changing the number of operating pumping units, the engines of which are started directly from the electrical network. Medium-and high-power engines are subject to technical restrictions for a direct start, which are supplemented by the need to maintain pauses between starts. Therefore, when ensuring the desired value of pumping station performance, it is very important to consider the features of starting pump engines. Control systems are widely used in the field of electric drive and water supply. It is in these areas that the efficiency of the control system depends on the amount of electricity that will be consumed by the technological process or the reliability of its operation. It is known that pumps account for about half of all energy produced. Therefore, the issue of effective control systems is particularly relevant in the field of water supply. The purpose of this study is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the water supply system by considering the distribution properties of the pipeline network when controlling electric pump drives, which will allow coordinating the operation of the pumping station, the pipeline network, and the consumer. To achieve this purpose, the study was conducted to assess the impact of the distribution and length of the pipeline network. The system of water supply and distribution is analysed, what criteria affect the correct performance of work and what problems may arise during operation for a long period of time are investigated. Ways to optimise the operation of pumping stations to increase their energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness of installations are investigated. The main reasons for the expediency of using an adjustable electric drive to control pumping units are considered

From energy balance to energy efficiency indicators including water losses

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lenzi ◽  
C. Bragalli ◽  
A. Bolognesi ◽  
S. Artina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supply Systems

The collection and distribution of drinking water resources generally require large quantities of energy, that vary according to factors related to the characteristics of the served area, as well as to design and management choices. Energy intensity indicators (energy per unit of volume) are insufficient to assess the weight of different factors that affect the energy consumption and appear not suitable for the comparison of different water supply systems. The key step of this work is to define a methodology for assessing the energy efficiency of water supply systems. In particular, water losses in water distribution systems, generally assessed in relation to the quantity of high quality water dispersed in the environment, are herein considered in relation to their energy content. In addition to the evaluation of energy balance using the approach proposed by Enrique Cabrera et al. in ‘Energy audit of water networks’ (see J. Water Res. Plan. Manage.136 (6), 669–677) an overall efficiency indicator WSEE (Water Supply Energy Efficiency) is then proposed. Its decomposition finally leads to the definition of further indicators, which may help to assess how the structure of the network, leakage rate and/or pumps affect the energy efficiency of the water system. Such indicators can be used to compare different water supply systems and to identify the impact of individual interventions. The proposed energy analysis was applied to two case studies in Northern Italy.

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