Effect of metal speciation on the oxidative potential and cytotoxicity of airborne particles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara DAronco ◽  
Chiara Giorio ◽  
Federica Chiara ◽  
Roberta Seraglia ◽  
Valerio Di Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Ligand ◽  
Chem Phys ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Metal Ligand

<p>Aerosol particle components can mix and interact with oxidants and organic compounds present in the atmosphere. How these chemical components interact and how the interactions affect the Earth’s climate, particle toxicity and human health is largely unknown. In the case of trace metals, the main focus so far has been the determination of the total amount while much less attention has been directed towards the metal speciation. Aqueous phase processing of aerosol can lead to substantial modifications of aerosol chemical and physical properties [1] by promoting the formation of metal-organic ligand complexes in atmospheric aqueous phases, like fog/cloud droplets and deliquescent aerosol. Such process can increase the solubility of metals, therefore their bioavailability [2], and affect their capability to generate reactive oxygen species.</p><p>We investigated the formation of metal-organic ligand complexes, especially those involving small dicarboxylic acids, in urban aerosol collected in the city centre of Padua (Italy), in the Po Valley. We assessed the effects of metal-ligand complexes formation on the solubility and solubilisation kinetic of metals from the particles to aqueous solutions simulating fog/cloud water. We found that solubilisation kinetics of many metals depended on the chemical form in which they were present in the aerosol and they were influenced by the environmental conditions during the campaign. Changes in oxidative potential (OP) and cytotoxicity of particles due to the formation of metal-ligand complexes were investigated by performing acellular and cellular in vitro tests, respectively. Preliminary results showed that metals and their complexed forms are both characterized by different OP and cellular toxicity.</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>[1] Decesari, S., Sowlat, M. H., Hasheminassab, S., Sandrini, S., Gilardoni, S., Facchini, M. C., Fuzzi, S., and Sioutas, C. Atmos. Chem. Phys., <strong>17</strong>, 7721‑7731 (2017).</p><p>[2] Okochi, H., and Brimblecombe, P. Sci. World J., <strong>2</strong>, 767–786(2002).</p>

scholarly journals Bioactivities of Allium longicuspis Regel against anthracnose of mango caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionisio de Guzman Alvindia ◽  
Mark Anthony Angeles Mangoba
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Oleyl Alcohol ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Minimum Effective Concentration ◽  
Allium Longicuspis ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractThe present study focused on the effect of Allium longicuspis extracts (ALE) against anthracnose of mango fruit. In vitro tests (mycelial growth and conidial germination) showed that, ALE concentrated from 0.75 to 2.5 g L−1 completely inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum gloesporioides. Cytoplasmic discharge, mycelial and conidial blasts were clearly observed when applied with ALE. The minimum effective concentration (MEC) of ALE at 0.75 g L1 can be applied as protective, curative and simultaneous treatment in mango fruit to inhibit the anthracnose infection. Efficacy of garlic extract was relatively superior to synthetic fungicide based on protective, curative and simultaneous treatments. Twenty chemical components were detected in ALE based on GCMS analysis (Table 1). The six major components were the following: oleyl alcohol, methyl ether (42.04%), γ-sitosterol (15.85%), , 24-norursa-3.12-diene (5.62%), 1-octadecanol methyl ether (4.23%), n-pentadecanol (3.95%) and 2-vinyl-4h-1 3-dithiine (3.76%). The findings support the potential use of ALE as an alternative to synthetic fungicide.

PM-induced oxidative potential: Two years measurements and source apportionment, on a seasonal basis, in Athens, Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina Paraskevopoulou ◽  
George Grivas ◽  
Aikaterini Bougiatioti ◽  
Iasonas Stavroulas ◽  
Maria Tsagkaraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Wood Burning ◽  
Fine Aerosol ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Seasonal Basis

<p>PM-induced oxidative stress has been proposed as a primary mechanism in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as premature death. Consequently, a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays have been developed in order to estimate the oxidative potential of ambient PM (Particulate matter), including the acellular assay of DTT (dithiothreitol), which is used in the present study. Athens, Greece is representative of air masses arriving over Eastern Mediterranean, highlighting the effect of long-range aerosol transportation and intense local emissions, such as wood burning for domestic heating purposes during the coldest period of the year. </p><p>Most studies of aerosol oxidative potential (OP) cover a short period of time, while in this study the OP was measured during two years (2016-2018), in parallel with other PM chemical components, in order to identify the sources of aerosol OP. Fine aerosol fraction (PM<sub>2.5</sub>, diameter < 2.5 μm) was collected, using quartz fibre filters and low-volume samplers, in the centre of Athens city.</p><p>An innovative semi-automated system was used for the determination of PM water soluble oxidative potential, following the approach of Fang et al. (2015). Concurrent estimation of inorganic and organic aerosol components’ concentrations was accomplished through Ion chromatography, Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor, Aethalometer and OC/EC analyser. Additionally, the samples were further analyzed by Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for major and trace water-soluble metal concentrations. Principal component analysis and Positive Matrix Factorization are applied to identify the sources of fine aerosol at the studied site in Athens, and determine the contribution of each source to aerosol OP, on a seasonal basis</p><p>As expected, OP presented higher values during wintertime, when wood burning appeared to be the dominant source of aerosol. These results agree with previous studies, indicating that the combustion is the major source of water-soluble OP, both as primary and secondary emission (Paraskevopulou et al. 2019). Whereas during summer, the current study reveals, for the first time, the significant impact of water-soluble metals in aerosol toxicity during the warmest period of the year, over the studied area. The aforementioned combination of various PM chemical parameters leads to a scarce identification of various aerosol OP sources on a temporal basis, in the area of Eastern Mediterranean.</p>

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of CaSr-Metal Organic Frameworks for biodegradable orthopedic applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Joseph ◽  
Harrison D. Lawson ◽  
Kalon J. Overholt ◽  
Krishnan Damodaran ◽  
Riccardo Gottardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Organic Ligand ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Orthopedic Applications ◽  
First Time

Abstract Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) formed from metals and organic ligands, are crystalline materials that are degradable in aqueous medium, and capable of releasing Ca and Sr ions. In this manuscript, the ability of MOFs to degrade and release osteogenic Ca and Sr ions was investigated. MOFs were generated by choosing osteoinductive Ca and Sr metals, and an organic ligand 1,3,5 tricarboxylicbenzene (H3BTC) as a linker. These MOFs were able to induce in vitro biomineralization from pre-osteoblastic MC3T3 cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Moreover, these MOFs (when loaded with dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG)) induced vascular endothelial production from hMSCs. qRT-PCR analysis performed on hMSCs (isolated from femoral heads of patients undergoing joint arthroplasty) treated with MOFs crystals suggested that the CaSr-MOFs by themselves can upregulate osteogenic genes in hMSCs, which is the first time to our knowledge that this has been observed from MOFs.

Metal Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands, CXXV [1]. Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes of Quinine Derivatives and in vitro Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 821-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Hubel ◽  
Tomas Jelinek ◽  
Wolfgang Beck
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Platinum Complexes ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Palladium And Platinum Complexes ◽  
Metal Ligand

Several quinine substituted derivatives at the C(9)-O position (1 - 7) have been obtained from quinine and N-protected glycine chloride, chlorocarbonyl ferrocene, phenylisocyanate, dicarboxylic acid dichlorides or trimesinic trichloride. From these only the glycine derivative 1 showed significant antimalarial activity in in vitro tests against Plasmodium falciparum isolates. The quinine derivatives were used as ligands and from chloro bridged palladium and platinum complexes Cl(R3P)M(μ-Cl)2M(PR3)Cl (M = Pd, Pt) di-, tri-, tetra- and hexametallic compounds 8-21 with coordination both of the aliphatic and aromatic N-atoms were synthesized. Protection of the tertiary N atom by protonation gave the quinoline complexes 22-25. Using a stoichiometric ratio metal/ligand = 1/1 it could be shown that the coordination of metal ions at the quinoline N-atom is by far preferred. A titanium(IV) complex 36 is formulated as [Ti(quinine)3Cl]Cl3 with quinine as a zwitterionic ligand

Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Mineraloid Isolate, in vitro and in Genetically Diabetic Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Deneau ◽  
Taufeeq Ahmed ◽  
Roger Blotsky ◽  
Krzysztof Bojanowski
Keyword(s):  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Genetically Diabetic Mice

Type II diabetes is a metabolic disease mediated through multiple molecular pathways. Here, we report anti-diabetic effect of a standardized isolate from a fossil material - a mineraloid leonardite - in in vitro tests and in genetically diabetic mice. The mineraloid isolate stimulated mitochondrial metabolism in human fibroblasts and this stimulation correlated with enhanced expression of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins such as ATP synthases and ribosomal protein precursors, as measured by DNA microarrays. In the diabetic animal model, consumption of the Totala isolate resulted in decreased weight gain, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. To our best knowledge, this is the first description ever of a fossil material having anti-diabetic activity in pre-clinical models.

Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R MacGregor ◽  
J M Ferguson ◽  
L F McLaughlin ◽  
T Burnouf ◽  
C V Prowse
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

A Comparison of the in Vitro and in Vivo Thrombogenic Activity of Factor IX Concentrates Using Stasis (Wessler) and Non-Stasis Rabbit Models

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 081-086 ◽  
Author(s):  
C V Prowse ◽  
A E Williams
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Low Activity

SummaryThe thrombogenic effects of selected factor IX concentrates were evaluated in two rabbit models; the Wessler stasis model and a novel non-stasis model. Concentrates active in either the NAPTT or TGt50 in vitro tests of potential thrombogenicity, or both, caused thrombus formation in the Wessler technique and activation of the coagulation system in the non-stasis model. A concentrate with low activity in both in vitro tests did not have thrombogenic effects in vivo, at the chosen dose. Results in the non-stasis model suggested that the thrombogenic effects of factor IX concentrates may occur by at least two mechanisms. A concentrate prepared from platelet-rich plasma and a pyrogenic concentrate were also tested and found to have no thrombogenic effect in vivo.These studies justify the use of the NAPTT and TGt50 in vitro tests for the screening of factor IX concentrates prior to clinical use.

In Vitro Thrombogenicity Tests of Factor IX Concentrates

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1355-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
C V Prowse ◽  
A Chirnside ◽  
R A Elton
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Factor Viii Inhibitor ◽  
Factor Ixa ◽  
Viii Inhibitor

SummaryVarious factor IX concentrates have been examined in a number of in vitro tests of thrombogenicity. The results suggest that some tests are superfluous as in concentrates with activity in any of these tests activation is revealed by a combination of the non-activated partial thromboplastin time, the thrombin (or Xa) generation time and factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity tests. Assay of individual coagulant enzymes revealed that most concentrates contained more factor IXa than Xa. However only a small number of concentrates, chiefly those that had been purposefully activated, contained appreciable amounts of either enzyme.

Inhibition of Fibrinolysis and Fibrinogenolysis in Man: Comparison of ε-Aminocaproic Acid and Kallikrein Inhibitor

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Beck ◽  
R Schmutzler ◽  
F Duckert ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Strong Inhibitor ◽  
Kallikrein Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

SummaryInhibitor of kallikrein and trypsin (KI) extracted from bovine parotis was compared with ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA): both substances inhibit fibrinolysis induced with streptokinase. EACA is a strong inhibitor of fibrinolysis in concentrations higher than 0, 1 mg per ml plasma. The same amount and higher concentrations are not able to inhibit completely the proteolytic-side reactions of fibrinolysis (fibrinogenolysis, diminution of factor V, rise of fibrin-polymerization-inhibitors). KI inhibits well proteolysis of plasma components in concentrations higher than 2,5 units per ml plasma. Much higher amounts of KI are needed to inhibit fibrinolysis as demonstrated by our in vivo and in vitro tests.Combination of the two substances for clinical use is suggested. Therapeutic possibilities are discussed.

Fruit Volatiles to Control Postharvest Rot of Stone Fruits and Pears

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 469a-469
Author(s):  
L.J. Skog ◽  
D.P. Murr ◽  
B.E. Digweed
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Postharvest Rot

Volatile compounds are ubiquitous in plants, giving fruits their characteristic aroma and flavor. There is increasing evidence that these compounds can protect plants from pathogenic organisms. In this trial ≈25 volatile compounds were tested for efficacy against Monilinia fructicola and Penicillium expansum. Both in vitro tests on agar plugs of actively growing pathogens and in situ tests on inoculated stone fruits and pears were conducted. The volatile compounds were grouped into three categories based upon fungicidal activity in vitro: highly effective (fungicidal concentration ≤100 M), moderately effective (fungicidal concentration between 100–200 M) and ineffective (fungicidal concentration >200 M). Highly effective compounds included: acetaldehyde, citral, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2,exadienal, E-2-hexenal, 4-hexen-3-one, linalool, (E,E)2,4-nonadienal, E-2-nonenal, E-3-none-2-one, salicylaldehyde, and valeraldehyde. Moderately effective compounds included: (E,Z) 2,6-nonadienal, propionaldehyde, terpinene, butyl acetate, E-cinnamaldehde, hexanal, E-2-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and isoamyl acetate. Ineffective compounds included: butyrolactone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate. Effectiveness of the compounds varied with both strain and type of microorganism tested. Concentraions required for effective control were much higher when the compounds were tested on inoculated fruit. Phytotoxicity was a problem with some compounds.

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