Microrefugia - limiting factors and unique synergy of environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Słowińska ◽  
Michał Słowiński ◽  
Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz ◽  
Mariusz Lamentowicz ◽  
Piotr Kołaczek
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Betula Nana ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Relief ◽  
Peat Profile ◽  
Glacial Relict ◽  
Continuous Presence

<p>Peatlands are a very important ecosystem which are characterized by distinctive vegetation, hydrology, and local climate. In the last decades, much effort was made a better understanding of microrefugia and their importance. Nevertheless, we still have little knowledge about the histories of the refugia. In the day of rapid climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure, knowledge about the history of sites that represent a refugium of flora or fauna is a key aspect. The aim of this study is reconstructing the history of the glacial relict Betula nana in northern Poland located far from the southern range of its natural distribution. We suppose that the persistence of Betula nana is driven by a) the morphology and geology of the catchment, b) the maintenance of open vegetation on the peatland surface and c) exceptional microclimatic and hydrological conditions. Here, based on recent eco-hydrological monitoring and long-term palaeoecological proxy we try to be understated postglacial refugia of Betula nana from Central Europe (Linje mire). Detailed research was carried out on the peat profile using pollen analysis, to reconstruct the presence of open habitat on the mire during the Holocene. Pollen and macrofossils analysis revealed a continuous presence of Betula nana in the postglacial history of the peatland. Palaeoecological results show the variable situation of the Betula nana population in the peatland over the past 12 ka, indicating a strong relationship between paleohydrology and changes in the occurrence of this species. Our results of 12 years of local monitoring indicated that the mire is characterized by specific local climate and diverse water table depth. A synergy of local relief, microclimates, hydrology, and geology of the catchment affects the Betula nana population during the post-glacial history.</p>

Comment on Sarah Maza’s “The Kids Aren’t All Right”

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 1293-1295
Author(s):  
Nara Milanich
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Children And Childhood ◽  
Historical Agency

Abstract In a complement to the 2020 AHR Roundtable “Chronological Age: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis” (125, no. 2), this AHR Exchange focuses on the history of children and childhood. Sarah Maza presents a critical review essay, highlighting the limiting factors in the expanding field of childhood studies. Children, she observes, produce few sources of their own voices, have limited agency, and as individuals and as a group soon outgrow their subaltern status—they grow up. Robin P. Chapdelaine, Nara Milanich, Steven Mintz, Ishita Pande, and Bengt Sandin—historians representing diverse geographical, theoretical, and methodological perspectives on the history of children and childhood—react to Maza’s observations by bringing up important methodological questions about subjecthood, agency, and modernity. Maza’s rejoinder reflects on these questions and on the possibility of age-based historical agency.

scholarly journals Recovery of the bird population within pine forests after the catastrophic fires in 2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Julia Alexandrovna Sorokina ◽  
Elena Evgenievna Boryakova
Keyword(s):  
Bird Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Population Restoration ◽  
Reference Environment

Process of bird population restoration after fires was investigated in two protected areas in the Volga river basin in central Russia. Anthropogenic pressure in Kerzhensky and Mordovsky nature reserves is very low, it made possible to discover some characteristics of the process of bird population restoration in reference environment. The counts were carried out both in the affected areas of the reserves, and in unaffected parts. The studied area was in its five year after the fire. Dynamics of post fire bird population restoration and its dependence on both the age and history of the original ecosystems were investigated. The authors present the results of dominant species analysis and information about their distribution in the investigated natural reserves. The authors show peculiarities and proportions of ecological groups of birds in the studied territories as well as their proportion. The influence of hydrological parameters on bird communities composition was investigated, it turned out that post fire partial inundation leads to increase of waders of Gallinago and Tringa genera. Species diversity of bird communities in affected areas was considered. Using Pielous index it was found that species evenness remained relatively high, i.e. no significant increase of dominance was observed after the fires. The authors analyzed the composition of ornitocomplexes in terms of different faunistic groups.

scholarly journals TAJALLIYAH ASH-SHIRA' FI AL-ADAB AL-'ARABI AL-MU'ASHIR WA ATSARIHI FI HARB AL-'ARAB تجليات الصراع في الأدب العربي المعاصر وأثره في حرب العرب (من الصراع والصدام إلى ثقافة الحرب في شعر سوريا نموذجا)

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Halimi Halimi ◽  
M. Faisol ◽  
Muhammad Majed Al-Dakhiel
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Revolution

<p>لقد عبر شعر الصراع (المقاومة والثورة والحرب) في بلاد الجزيرة العربية مفردات متنوعة طوال تاريخها من خلال البعدين، منهما البعد المكاني متمثلا في الأرض التي حملها الشعر دلالات ومعان تتجاوز ملامحها المادية لتكتسب بعدا روحيا وقيما عليا. والبعد الثاني يتمثل في البعد التراثي والتاريخي. فشعر الصراعات لا ينفصل من الواقع الاجتماعي، وليس هو الشعر الانعزالي، بل هو الشعر الاجتماعي الذي له علاقة متينة بواقعه، والذي يحمل رموزا تاريخية كثيرة نتيجة لامتداد العمر الزمني لهذا المجتمع من العصور القديمة، وكان المجتمع والأرض تصنع تقاليد تتطور إلى رموز، فهناك رمز للكرام وللمروءة ولمعاناة المجتمع وللصراع، وفي الرمز أسلوب فيه تلميح ومداره.</p><p><br />Throughout the history of the Arab world, the poetry of the struggle (the resistance, the revolution and the war) has been a varied vocabulary throughout its history through the two dimensions, including the spatial dimension, in the land where poetry carries meanings and meanings that transcend its physical texture to acquire a spiritual dimension and supreme value. It is the social poetry that has a strong relationship to its reality, which carries many historical symbols as a result of the extension of the temporal age of this society from antiquity. The society and the land made traditions that evolve into symbols. And the suffering of society and the conflict and the virus, and in the code style in which the tip and orbit.</p>

scholarly journals Case history of the Fortymile Caribou Herd, 1920-1990

Rangifer ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Valkenburg ◽  
David G. Kelleyhouse ◽  
James L. Davis ◽  
Jay M. Ver Hoef
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternate Prey

Early this century, the Fortymile caribou herd was the largest in Alaska and one of the largest in the world. Since the 1940s the herd has remained relatively small, fluctuating between 6000-8000 and about 50 000. To determine possible limiting factors, we reviewed historical fluctuations in herd since and harvest, historical data on wolf numbers and summer and winter weather. The major decline in herd size from 1963 to 1973 was accompanied by high wolf numbers, some years of unfavorable winter and summer weather, and some years of high harvests. From 1974 to 1990 the Fortymile herd failed to recover as well as the adjacent Nelchi-na herd and provided less than one-fourth the harvest despite favorable winter conditions in both areas. Two notable differences between these herds were that (1) wolves were less strongly limited within the range of the Fortymile herd, and (2) moose as alternate prey for wolves remained more abundant within the range of the Nelchina herd.

scholarly journals Concepts and Quality Considerations in Unani System of Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-633
Author(s):  
Abida Parveen ◽  
Rabea Parveen ◽  
Asim Akhatar ◽  
Bushra Parveen ◽  
Khalid M Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health It ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Greek Philosopher ◽  
History Of

Abstract Unani medicine, based largely on herbs, is practiced as a traditional system of medicine in the Indian subcontinent. It owes its origination to the Greek philosopher Hippocrates (460–377 BC) and his associates. However, it progressed and got established under the patronage of Persian and Arab empires and later came to the Indian sub-continent around the middle of the 14th century. Unani scholars have been of the view that every person has their own distinct temperament constituted from four basic humoral combinations. Temperament of an individual is supposed to be influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as age and mental status of individual, local climate, and environmental conditions, etc. Treatment is applied through dietotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy consonant with the patient’s temperament. Unani medicine believes in health promotion and manages the disease through various modes of treatment such as regimental therapy, dietotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. A variety of clinical studies have shown that Unani medicines are effective with minimal side effects. Standardization, quality control, and toxicity profiling of many herbal drugs and the validation of formulations mentioned in the Unani Pharmacopeia of India have been accomplished in the recent past. Despite the mounting benefits of this system in the management of human health, it remains under-utilized. This article elucidates the basic concepts and a brief history of Unani medicine and summarizes information about its quality control, as well as its contribution to the health sector in India.

Is the History of Childhood Ready for the World? A Response to “The Kids Aren’t All Right”

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 1300-1305
Author(s):  
Ishita Pande
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Children And Childhood ◽  
Historical Agency

Abstract In a complement to the 2020 AHR Roundtable “Chronological Age: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis” (125, no. 2), this AHR Exchange focuses on the history of children and childhood. Sarah Maza presents a critical review essay, highlighting the limiting factors in the expanding field of childhood studies. Children, she observes, produce few sources of their own voices, have limited agency, and as individuals and as a group soon outgrow their subaltern status—they grow up. Robin P. Chapdelaine, Nara Milanich, Steven Mintz, Ishita Pande, and Bengt Sandin—historians representing diverse geographical, theoretical, and methodological perspectives on the history of children and childhood—react to Maza’s observations by bringing up important methodological questions about subjecthood, agency, and modernity. Maza’s rejoinder reflects on these questions and on the possibility of age-based historical agency.

Getting Personal with Our Sources: A Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 1317-1322
Author(s):  
Sarah Maza
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Children And Childhood ◽  
Historical Agency

Abstract In a complement to the 2020 AHR Roundtable “Chronological Age: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis” (125, no. 2), this AHR Exchange focuses on the history of children and childhood. Sarah Maza presents a critical review essay, highlighting the limiting factors in the expanding field of childhood studies. Children, she observes, produce few sources of their own voices, have limited agency, and as individuals and as a group soon outgrow their subaltern status—they grow up. Robin P. Chapdelaine, Nara Milanich, Steven Mintz, Ishita Pande, and Bengt Sandin—historians representing diverse geographical, theoretical, and methodological perspectives on the history of children and childhood—react to Maza’s observations by bringing up important methodological questions about subjecthood, agency, and modernity. Maza’s rejoinder reflects on these questions and on the possibility of age-based historical agency.

scholarly journals Zoantharia (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) of the Dutch Caribbean and One New Species of Parazoanthus

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Javier Montenegro ◽  
Bert W. Hoeksema ◽  
Maria E. A. Santos ◽  
Hiroki Kise ◽  
James Davis Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Dutch Caribbean ◽  
One New Species

Species of the anthozoan order Zoantharia (=Zoanthidea) are common components of subtropical and tropical shallow water coral reefs. Despite a long history of research on their species diversity in the Caribbean, many regions within this sea remain underexamined. One such region is the Dutch Caribbean, including the islands of St. Eustatius, St. Maarten, Saba, Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao, as well as the Saba Bank, for which no definitive species list exists. Here, combining examinations of specimens housed in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center collection with new specimens and records from field expeditions, we provide a list of zoantharian species found within the Dutch Caribbean. Our results demonstrate the presence at least 16 described species, including the newly described Parazoanthus atlanticus, and the additional potential presence of up to four undescribed species. These records of new and undescribed species demonstrate that although the zoantharian research history of the Caribbean is long, further discoveries remain to be found. In light of biodiversity loss and increasing anthropogenic pressure on declining coral reefs, documenting the diversity of zoantharians and other coral reef species to provide baseline data takes on a new urgency.

Little Voices: The Importance and Limitations of Children’s Histories

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 1296-1299
Author(s):  
Robin P. Chapdelaine
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Children And Childhood ◽  
Historical Agency

Abstract In a complement to the 2020 AHR Roundtable “Chronological Age: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis” (125, no. 2), this AHR Exchange focuses on the history of children and childhood. Sarah Maza presents a critical review essay, highlighting the limiting factors in the expanding field of childhood studies. Children, she observes, produce few sources of their own voices, have limited agency, and as individuals and as a group soon outgrow their subaltern status—they grow up. Robin P. Chapdelaine, Nara Milanich, Steven Mintz, Ishita Pande, and Bengt Sandin—historians representing diverse geographical, theoretical, and methodological perspectives on the history of children and childhood—react to Maza’s observations by bringing up important methodological questions about subjecthood, agency, and modernity. Maza’s rejoinder reflects on these questions and on the possibility of age-based historical agency.

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