Infiltration rate in unsaturated glass beads porous media under various gravity made by parabolic flight.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Sato ◽  
Yuichi Maruo ◽  
Kento Nogawa ◽  
Natsumi Naganuma ◽  
Kosuke Noborio
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Partial Gravity

<p>The Global Exploration Roadmap targets the realization of Mars manned exploration by the 2030s. It is necessary to understand water movement in porous media under microgravity to establish a plant growth system for crop production for astronauts to produce food in outer space. In previous researches, a decrease in infiltration rate was reported for coarse (1.5 mm diameter) glass beads porous media. On the other hand,  in the case of fine (0.4 mm diameter) glass beads porous media, the amount of reduction in the infiltration rate was small. We wanted knowledge of water movement under partial gravity conditions. We conducted water infiltration experiments under microgravity, 1/6G, and 1/3G conditions made by parabolic flights. The 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm glass beads were used as porous media. The effects of particle size and partial gravity on water infiltration in porous media will be discussed.</p>

scholarly journals The Peranan Pergerakan Air Dalam-Tanah dalam Menurunkan Aliran Permukaan

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-300
Author(s):  
Enni Dwi Wahjunie ◽  
Dwi Putro Tejo Baskoro ◽  
Suria Darma Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Infiltration Capacity

The main cause of flooding and erosion that creates critical land in various regions in Indonesia is surface runoff. The surface runoff will occur if rainfall exceeds the capacity of soil water absorption (infiltration capacity). The soil management of each land use could improve the infiltration capacity. The water movement both on the surface and in the soil determines the water infiltration. This study predicts surface runoff based on the infiltration rate of various land uses and rainfall in the Ciliwung Watershed. A series of studies were performed in the upstream and middle areas of the watershed. Observations of soil properties, water movement, and rainfall were carried out in various dry land uses. The results showed that the soil's physical properties mostly determine the constant infiltration rate, which affected the water movement in the ground. The initial water content, the degree of saturation of the initial moisture content, and the soil's physical properties determine the time of constant infiltration rate. The value of constant rate infiltration and the time of its achievement define the amount of surface runoff that occurs. Keywords: hydraulic conductivity, run off, soil management, time achievement of infiltration capacity

scholarly journals Effect of slope aspect and position on soil infiltrability in an ultisol in Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
P.I. Ogban ◽  
A.X. Okon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Southern Nigeria

Soil infiltrability is an important hydrological process that enhances soil water storage and the minimization of runoff. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of slope aspect (north, NfS and south, SfS) and positions [(crest (CR), upper (US), middle (MS) and lower (LS)] on soil infiltrability,  that is, initial infiltration rate (io), steady-state infiltration rate (ic) and cumulative infiltration (I), and sorptivity (S) and transmissivity (A) on the University of Uyo Teaching and Research Farm (T&SF) located on an Ultisol in Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria. Results show that the initial  infiltration rate (io) was 43.20 cm h−1 on SfS and significantly (p < 0.05) higher than 36.60 cm h−1 on NfS. The final infiltration rate (ic) was not significantly different between NfS (9.60 cm h−1) and SfS (7.20 cm h−1). The Cumulative depth of water (I) infiltrated was similar between NfS (28.18 cm) and SfS (21.46 cm). Soil water sorptivity (S) was moderately high on the two slopes but significantly (p < 0.05) lower in NfS (0.49 cm min−1/2)  than in SfS (0.70 cm min−1/2) soil. Soil water transmissivity (A) was similar in NfS (0.19 cm h−1) and SfS (0.16 cm h−1) soil. The results indicate that the aspects were similar in io, ic, I, S and A. However, since soil texture is similar among the aspects, similar soil management practices, example tillage  and mulching, could be adopted to enhance water infiltration to improve ic for increases in soil water conservation and crop production on the  T&SF. Key words: slope aspect and position, soil infiltrability, sorptivity and transmissivity, soil water management

scholarly journals Modeling water movement in horizontal columns using fractal theory

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1463-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tairone Paiva Leão ◽  
Edmund Perfect
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Hurst Exponent ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Heterogeneous Porous Media ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Time Exponent

Fractal mathematics has been used to characterize water and solute transport in porous media and also to characterize and simulate porous media properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the soil infiltration parameters sorptivity (S) and time exponent (n) and the parameters dimension (D) and the Hurst exponent (H). For this purpose, ten horizontal columns with pure (either clay or loam) and heterogeneous porous media (clay and loam distributed in layers in the column) were simulated following the distribution of a deterministic Cantor Bar with fractal dimension H" 0.63. Horizontal water infiltration experiments were then simulated using Hydrus 2D software. The sorptivity (S) and time exponent (n) parameters of the Philip equation were estimated for each simulation, using the nonlinear regression procedure of the statistical software package SAS®. Sorptivity increased in the columns with the loam content, which was attributed to the relation of S with the capillary radius. The time exponent estimated by nonlinear regression was found to be less than the traditional value of 0.5. The fractal dimension estimated from the Hurst exponent was 17.5 % lower than the fractal dimension of the Cantor Bar used to generate the columns.

scholarly journals Impact of Management on the Physical Attributes of a Dystrophic Yellow Latosol

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryzélia Furtado de Farias ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Linhares Feitosa ◽  
Khalil De Menezes Rodrigues ◽  
Liliane Carvalho Teixeira ◽  
Mariléia Barros Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Slash And Burn Agriculture

Soil use and management systems aim to create conditions that are favorable to crop growth. The hypothesis is that areas subject to intensive use of agricultural machinery and animal trampling tend to have a soil structure that is altered by aggregate fragmentation, which causes soil compaction and consequently decreases the soil’s physical and hydraulic properties. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the physical and hydraulic parameters of a dystrophic yellow latosol in an area of Cerrado in the municipality of Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil under different use and management systems. The following five use and management systems were studied with five replicates: native forest (control), slash-and-burn agriculture, grassland, no-till crop production and conventional tillage. Data analysis was performed using a completely randomized experimental design. The soil’s density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, infiltration, water retention curve, penetration resistance and Soil quality assessment index (S index) were assessed for all management systems. The soil use and management systems were found to have a significant effect on the penetration resistance and the water infiltration rate. The native forest and slash-and-burn agriculture areas provided the highest soil water infiltration rates and the lowest soil penetration resistance. A multivariate analysis identified the variables associated with each soil use and management system. The slash-and-burn agriculture area had the highest S index, which means it provided soil of the best physical quality.

Millimeter scale water movement on convex and concave surfaces of porous media under microgravity.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Maruo ◽  
Naoto Sato ◽  
Natsumi Naganuma ◽  
Kento Nogawa ◽  
Maho Tsukano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Microgravity Condition ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Concave Surface ◽  
Air Entrapment ◽  
Water Front

&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;Human&amp;#8217;s sphere of activities is going to expand to Moon and Mars on 2030s. As manned space mission getting longer, the importance of extra-terrestrial agricultural production increase not only for food production, but also for phycological benefit for astronauts. Water movement in porous media must be understood for secured plant growth, previous researches, however, reported that slower capillary flow was observed under microgravity than under Earth gravity (1 G). Air entrapment on pore neck may induce higher tortuosity and made capillary flow slower under microgravity. It was also reported that widening shape on capillary tube restrict water movement in capillary tube under microgravity. The diameter of capillary tube was relatively large (0.8 mm to 2.3 mm in-diameter) in the previous report; therefore, it is unclear that the result is applicable to the smaller pore structure like porous media. The objective of this study is (1) to evaluate capillary flow rate on convex and concave surface on the particle of porous media under microgravity and under 1 G, (2) to evaluate the water movement on widening area made by boundary between 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm glass beads. To make water movement visible, acrylic column of 2 mm thickness was chosen and was filled with 4 cm layer of 0.8 mm diameter glass beads and 3 cm layer of 1.0 mm diameter glass beads. Distilled water dyed with methylene blue solution was infiltrated into the glass beads under 2.4 s microgravity condition induced by 50 m free fall or under 1 G condition. Capillary flow was taken by high speed (960 fps) and closeup camera (DSC-RX100M5A, SONY) and split into image sequences to analyze with software (ImageJ). Both under microgravity and under 1 G, capillary flow stuck on the convex surface and hardly infiltrated into the concave surface, however, once water crossed over the convex surfaces, water moved on concave surfaces very fast. Pore was filled with water and air entrapment on pore neck, predicted on previous research, was not observed. The water front firstly reached on the boundary of 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm glass beads stopped, however, after the surrounding water front catch up, water crossed over the boundary. This result suggested that widening area restricted capillary flow, however it did not shut-off.&lt;/p&gt;

Imaging and Resistivity Studies of Saturation Gradients in Two-Phase Flow in 3-D Porous Media

1996 ◽  
Vol 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Kawamoto ◽  
Po-Zen Wong
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTWe have carried out x-ray radiography and computed tomography (CT) to study two-phase flow in 3-D porous media. Air-brine displacement was imaged for drainage and imbibition experiments in a vertical column of glass beads. By correlating water saturation Sw with resistance R, we find that there is a threshold saturation S* ≈ 0.2, above which R(SW) ∼ Sw−2, in agreement with the empirical Archie relation. This holds true for both drainage and imbibition with littlehysteresis, provided that Sw remains above S*. Should Sw drop below S* during drainage, R(Sw) rises above the Archie prediction, exhibiting strong hysteresis upon reimbibition. This behavior suggests a transition in the connectivity of the water phase near S*, possibly due to percolation effects.

scholarly journals A Compact Weighing Lysimeter to Estimate the Water Infiltration Rate in Agricultural Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Laura Ávila-Dávila ◽  
Manuel Soler-Méndez ◽  
Carlos Francisco Bautista-Capetillo ◽  
Julián González-Trinidad ◽  
Hugo Enrique Júnez-Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Weighing Lysimeter

Infiltration estimation is made by tests such as concentric cylinders, which are prone to errors, such as the lateral movement under the ring. Several possibilities have been developed over the last decades to compensate these errors, which are based on physical, electronic, and mathematical principles. In this research, two approaches are proposed to measure the water infiltration rate in a silty loam soil by means of the mass values of a lysimeter weighing under rainfall conditions and different moisture contents. Based on the fact that with the lysimeter it is possible to determine acting soil flows very precisely, then with the help of mass conservation and assuming a downward vertical movement, 12 rain events were analyzed. In addition, it was possible to monitor the behavior of soil moisture and to establish the content at field capacity from the values of the weighing lysimeter, from which both approach are based. The infiltration rate of these events showed a variable rate at the beginning of the rainfall until reaching a maximum, to descend to a stable or basic rate. This basic infiltration rate was 1.49 ± 0.36 mm/h, and this is because soils with fine textures have reported low infiltration capacity. Four empirical or semi-empirical models of infiltration were calibrated with the values obtained with our approaches, showing a better fit with the Horton’s model.

scholarly journals Patterns of water infiltration and soil degradation over a 120-yr chronosequence from forest to agriculture in western Kenya

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6993-7015 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nyberg ◽  
A. Bargués Tobella ◽  
J. Kinyangi ◽  
U. Ilstedt
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

Abstract. Soil degradation is commonly reported in the tropics where forest is converted to agriculture. Much of the native forest in the highlands of western Kenya has been converted to agricultural land in order to feed the growing population, and more land is being cleared. In tropical Africa, this land use change results in progressive soil degradation, as the period of cultivation increases. Sites that were converted to agriculture at different times can be evaluated as a chronosequence; this can aid in our understanding of the processes at work, particularly those in the soil. Both levels and variation of infiltration, soil carbon and other parameters are influenced by management within agricultural systems, but they have rarely been well documented in East Africa. We constructed a chronosequence for an area of western Kenya, using two native forest sites and six fields that had been converted to agriculture for varying lengths of time. We assessed changes in infiltrability (the steady-state infiltration rate), soil C and N, bulk density, δ13C, and the proportion of macro- and microaggregates in soil along a 119 yr chronosequence of conversion from natural forest to agriculture. Infiltration, soil C and N, decreased rapidly after conversion, while bulk density increased. Median infiltration rates fell to about 15 % of the initial values in the forest and C and N values dropped to around 60 %, whilst the bulk density increased by 50 %. Despite high spatial variability in infiltrability, these parameters correlated well with time since conversion and with each other. Our results indicate that landscape planners should include wooded elements in the landscape in sufficient quantity to ensure water infiltration at rates that prevent runoff and erosion. This should be the case for restoring degraded landscapes, as well as for the development of new agricultural areas.

AIR AND WATER MOVEMENT IN POROUS MEDIA

Soil Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. -Y. PARLANGE ◽  
D. E. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Water Movement

Soil Management for Conservation and Sustainable Rice Production in an Irrigated Area of Eastern Nigeria

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L.A. Asadu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Cropping Season

An comparison of soilmanagement techniques In the different irrigation zones of Lower Anambra Irrigation Project (LAIP) In eastern Nigeria showed that heavy use of machinery led to Increases In bulk density and decreases In field water Infiltration rate. The relative proportion of clay In the irrigated fields Increased as a result of Irrigation, suggesting that mobilized clay from uncemented main and distribution canals Is carried and deposited In the rice fields. Both Irrigation and the use of machinery have had substantial negative effects on soli nutrient levels, and there is a danger of this process continuing. Soli management for sustainable production in the area should centre on applying organic matter in combination with inorganic fertilizers, monitoring the soli properties on yearly basis before the cropping season for fertilizer and lime recommendations, and varying the depth of tillage to Increase or maintain the effective soli depth.

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