Forecasting plastic mobilization during extreme hydrological events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Roebroek ◽  
Shaun Harrigan ◽  
Tim van Emmerik
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
The World ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Extreme Hydrological Events ◽  
Awareness System

<p>Plastic pollution of aquatic ecosystems is an emerging environmental risk. Land-based plastics are considered the main source of plastic litter in the world’s oceans. Quantifying the emission from rivers into the oceans is crucial to optimize prevention, mitigation and cleanup strategies. Although several studies have focused on estimating annual plastic emission based on average hydrology, the role of extreme events remains underexplored. Recent work has demonstrated that floods can mobilize additional plastics. For example, the 2015/2016 UK floods resulted in a 70% decrease of microplastic sediments in several catchments. In this project, the use of the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) flood forecasting system to assess additional mobilization of plastic pollution will be explored.</p>

scholarly journals Concepts as explanatory theories: Evidence from word learning and the development of lexical flexibility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
New Words ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Insight Into

By some theories, children are guided by explanatory frameworks, which motivate them to understand why objects have the properties they do. In this chapter, I describe how language development can inform such theories, by reviewing previous work on how children extend new words, and more recent work on how children learn to use words flexibly, with multiple, related meanings (e.g., shattered/drinking glass; thirsty/tasty chicken). Interestingly, some scholars have proposed that the different meanings of flexible words reflect different modes of explanation, raising the possibility that children’s understanding of flexible words will lend insight into the role of explanatory structures in conceptual development. To this end, this chapter presents a background on lexical flexibility, and brings together recent evidence on how it is acquired, represented, and instantiated across languages. Together, these recent developments provide new support for the idea that explanatory frameworks shape how children conceptualize the world.

scholarly journals Plastic Pollutions in Aquatic Environment- A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-155
Author(s):  
Y. M. Mohammed ◽  
M. Hadizat ◽  
M. A. Umar ◽  
Y. Ibrahim ◽  
H. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Riverine Ecosystems ◽  
The World ◽  
Freshwater Environments

Plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems is a growing environmental concern, as it has the potential to harm ecology, imperil aquatic organisms and cost ecological damage. Although rivers and other freshwater environments are known to play an important role in carrying land-based plastic trash to the world's seas, riverine ecosystems are also directly impacted by plastic pollution. A detailed understanding of the origin, movement, fate, and effects of riverine plastic waste is critical for better quantifying worldwide plastic pollution transport and effectively reducing sources and dangers. In this review, we emphasize the current scientific state of plastic debris in rivers, as well as the existing knowledge gaps, providing a basic overview of plastics and the types of polymers commonly found in rivers and the threat they bring to aquatic ecosystems. We also go through the origins and fates of riverine plastics, as well as the mechanisms and factors that affect plastic debris transit and spatiotemporal variation. We give an overview of riverine plastic transport monitoring and modeling activities, as well as examples of typical values from throughout the world. Finally, we discuss what the future holds for riverine plastic research.

scholarly journals The Role of Threat in the Human Empowerment Sequence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Dunn ◽  
Viktoria Spaiser ◽  
Harvey Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
The World

Recent work by Dunn et al. (2017) proposes an integration of two normally disparate fields of research: political culture and individual-level authoritarianism. This proposal notes a remarkable similarly between Welzel’s (2013) concept of emancipative values and the values-oriented conceptualization of authoritarianism proposed by Feldman and Stenner (1997). Dunn at al. provide some rudimentary empirical evidence that authoritarianism can be productively integrated into Welzel’s “human empowerment sequence” but due to data limitations are unable to examine what they see as one of the most important benefits of this integration: the interaction between authoritarianism and threat in predicting emancipative attitudes. The sixth wave of the World Values Survey provides the previously unavailable data (a measure of perceived threat) and allows us to examine whether authoritarianism interacts with threat to affect the expression of social and political attitudes. Analysis of this data supports those expectations derived from the authoritarianism literature and provides further support for Dunn et al.’s proposal.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Role of the Public Prosecutors on the Action of the Ship Sunning in Fishery

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Rachmawati Pailalah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
The World ◽  
World Maritime

Indonesia's natural wealth in the form of very wide waters so that the potential in it in the form of a wealth of aquatic ecosystems, both the wealth of flora and fauna in it poses a threat of illegal fishing. The crime prevention is carried out through 2 (two) efforts, namely penal efforts and non-penal efforts, namely: With the enactment of Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 2004 concerning Fisheries, and other related laws and regulations. And Application, namely through the process of investigation, investigation, prosecution, and court. With the new legal umbrella, it is hoped that there will be strong coordination between institutions that have the authority to enforce law in the field of fisheries in order to achieve the ideals of the world maritime axis state and create protection for Indonesia's water rich ecosystems, as well as protection for Indonesian fishermen who depend on the fishery sector for their livelihood. to protect Indonesian waters from being exploited by fishermen from other countries because Indonesia's wealth must be fully utilized for the prosperity and welfare of the Indonesian people, giving other countries because Indonesia's wealth must be fully utilized for the prosperity and welfare of the Indonesian people. In the rules governing the authority given to investigators, namely Prosecutors, Police, Military, Bakamla, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries to sink/burn foreign-flagged vessels based on court decisions with permanent legal force as regulated in Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries. This research is a normative legal research with the Statute Approach, Case Approach and Conceptual Approach. The results of this paper explain that the sinking/burning of a foreign-flagged ship by investigators is based on a court decision, aimed at safeguarding the sovereignty of Indonesian waters.

scholarly journals Neutrality in public service interpreting

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Zuzana Balounová
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Professional Guidelines

Most of the interpreting in the world today is done by public service interpreters. However, there has been a great deal of confusion regarding public service interpreting (PSI), specifically the role of the interpreter and neutrality in PSI. While codes of ethics assert that public service interpreters must act neutrally and impartially, users of PSI tend to view the interpreter as their advocate, making it difficult for the interpreter to maintain neutrality. In fact, as previous studies have shown, maintaining neutrality is one of the biggest challenges public service interpreters face. This article provides a review of the existing literature on the role of public service interpreters, ranging from early studies (e.g., Roberts, 1997; Wadensjö, 1998; Pöchhacker, 2000) via more recent work (e.g., Hale, 2008; Kalina, 2015; Valero Garcés, 2015) to the latest studies on the issue (e.g., Balogh & Salaets, 2019; Şener & Kincal, 2019; Runcieman, 2020). Using practical examples, the article analyses some of the existing codes of ethics and professional guidelines, which, as several authors suggest, are insufficient and should be reassessed. Throughout the paper, differences in different PSI settings (e.g., healthcare centres, schools, social services offices) are addressed.

MANUSCRIPT EVIDENCE FOR ALPHABET-SWITCHING IN THE WORKS OF CICERO: COMMON NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-516
Author(s):  
Neil O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Reliable Transmission ◽  
Accurate Record ◽  
The Way

Of the hundreds of Greek common nouns and adjectives preserved in our MSS of Cicero, about three dozen are found written in the Latin alphabet as well as in the Greek. So we find, alongside συμπάθεια, also sympathia, and ἱστορικός as well as historicus. This sort of variation has been termed alphabet-switching; it has received little attention in connection with Cicero, even though it is relevant to subjects of current interest such as his bilingualism and the role of code-switching and loanwords in his works. Rather than addressing these issues directly, this discussion sets out information about the way in which the words are written in our surviving MSS of Cicero and takes further some recent work on the presentation of Greek words in Latin texts. It argues that, for the most part, coherent patterns and explanations can be found in the alphabetic choices exhibited by them, or at least by the earliest of them when there is conflict in the paradosis, and that this coherence is evidence for a generally reliable transmission of Cicero's original choices. While a lack of coherence might indicate unreliable transmission, or even an indifference on Cicero's part, a consistent pattern can only really be explained as an accurate record of coherent alphabet choice made by Cicero when writing Greek words.

The essence and causes of the spiritual and moral decline of mankind in the XX century

1998 ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
V. Tolkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Social Force ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Religion

One of the most important reasons for such a clearly distressed state of society was the decline of religion as a social force, the external manifestation of which is the weakening of religious institutions. "Religion," Baha'u'llah writes, "is the greatest of all means of establishing order in the world to the universal satisfaction of those who live in it." The weakening of the foundations of religion strengthened the ranks of ignoramuses, gave them impudence and arrogance. "I truly say that everything that belittles the supreme role of religion opens way for the revelry of maliciousness, inevitably leading to anarchy. " In another Tablet, He says: "Religion is a radiant light and an impregnable fortress that ensures the safety and well-being of the peoples of the world, for God-fearing induces man to adhere to the good and to reject all evil." Blink the light of religion, and chaos and distemper will set in, the radiance of justice, justice, tranquility and peace. "

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

External Factors of Big Business Transformation in Russia

2005 ◽  
pp. 72-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. Pappe ◽  
Ya. Galukhina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Business Transformation ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Subject

The paper is devoted to the role of the global financial market in the development of Russian big business. It proves that terms and standards posed by this market as well as opportunities it offers determine major changes in Russian big business in the last three years. The article examines why Russian companies go abroad to attract capital and provides data, which indicate the scope of this phenomenon. It stresses the effects of Russian big business’s interaction with the world capital market, including the modification of the principal subject of Russian big business from integrated business groups to companies and the changes in companies’ behavior: they gradually move away from the so-called Russian specifics and adopt global standards.

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