riverine ecosystems
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2022 ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
Chandani Bhattacharjee

Generation of solid waste precedes the surge of urbanization. The earliest waste dumping is recorded in Greece as early as 500 BCE, the conservancy workers in France, wastewater treatment in London, and aqueduct systems in oriental civilizations. The magnitude of waste has been compounding annually with the rise of global population, urbanization, and economic growth. Waste has been overtly and irresponsibly dumped in inland water bodies and the wetlands around it causing inherent damage to the fluvial, pond, or riverine ecosystems. The United Nations has declared this decade to be for ecosystem restoration, and hence, this chapter intends to ponder and establish the concerns of health, species modification, ecosystem endangering, pollution of the surface and subsurface water, impact on the vegetation along the water stretches, to name a few. The objective of this chapter is to evaluate the impact on the ecospheres while arriving at sustainable restoration options.


Our Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Sushil Shrestha ◽  
Dipak Rajbanshi ◽  
Dil Kumar Limbu ◽  
Jash Hang Limbu

The Lohore River is one of the important riverine ecosystems of Dailekh which support diverse aquatic communities. The present study was carried out to assess the fish diversity status with relation to environmental conditions in both to space and time. The survey was conducted at three different sampling stations in three different seasons. For the fish sampling, two cast nets of different mesh sizes were used, one having large mesh size of 2 cm, 6 m diameter and 6 kg weight and another having mesh size of 0.5 cm, 3 m diameter and 2 kg weight. Moreover, drag net and gill net were also used to collect the fish samples. A total of 11 fish species belonging to 2 orders, 3 families and 7 genera. Results from the similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) suggested that fish species of Puntius gelius, Schizothorax plagiostomus, Tor chelynoides and Schistura sovana were major contributing species each contribute more than 9%. An analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) pointed that fish community structure in the Lohore River differ in spatial scale (p<0.01) but not in temporal scale (P>0.01). Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and water velocity was found as influential factors for fish species distribution.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank O. Masese ◽  
Francis O. Arimoro ◽  
Gordon C. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Lee Baumgartner ◽  
Tim Marsden ◽  
Deanna Duffy ◽  
Ana Horta ◽  
Nathan Ning

Abstract Infrastructure-induced fragmentation of riverine ecosystems has prompted the need for more effective aquatic restoration efforts globally. Fragmentation assessments have been extensively undertaken to inform connectivity restoration efforts for fish and other aquatic biota, but they have potentially underestimated the extent of fragmentation by fixating on large dams and overlooking the contribution of other barriers like road crossings and small irrigation structures. The current study addresses this limitation in Mekong region countries (MReCs) of Southeast Asia, by assessing the fragmentation impacts of road crossings and small irrigation structures together with large dams. Our analysis indicates that the basin-scale fragmentation impact of road crossings is similar to that of large dams in MReCs, while small irrigation structures have a far greater impact. These findings raise concerns about the real global extent of aquatic fragmentation, and highlight the need for decision-makers to think beyond dams when attempting to restore connectivity for aquatic biota.


Author(s):  
Y. M. Mohammed ◽  
M. Hadizat ◽  
M. A. Umar ◽  
Y. Ibrahim ◽  
H. Mohammed ◽  
...  

Plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems is a growing environmental concern, as it has the potential to harm ecology, imperil aquatic organisms and cost ecological damage. Although rivers and other freshwater environments are known to play an important role in carrying land-based plastic trash to the world's seas, riverine ecosystems are also directly impacted by plastic pollution. A detailed understanding of the origin, movement, fate, and effects of riverine plastic waste is critical for better quantifying worldwide plastic pollution transport and effectively reducing sources and dangers. In this review, we emphasize the current scientific state of plastic debris in rivers, as well as the existing knowledge gaps, providing a basic overview of plastics and the types of polymers commonly found in rivers and the threat they bring to aquatic ecosystems. We also go through the origins and fates of riverine plastics, as well as the mechanisms and factors that affect plastic debris transit and spatiotemporal variation. We give an overview of riverine plastic transport monitoring and modeling activities, as well as examples of typical values from throughout the world. Finally, we discuss what the future holds for riverine plastic research.


Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Tatyana Gebauer ◽  
Radek Gebauer ◽  
Petr Císař ◽  
Hung Quang Tran ◽  
Ondřej Tomášek ◽  
...  

Restocking programmes of different fish species have been implemented worldwide. However, the survival of hatchery-reared fish after release to riverine ecosystems is at a very low level. One of the reasons for the high mortality rate of post-released fish is their modified swimming behaviour due to the hatchery rearing practice. To investigate one of the possible causes for modified swimming behaviour, Acipenser baerii larvae were exposed to surface- and bottom-feeding applications with day and night light regimes in a factorial design. We also analysed the effect of 5 and 10 days of starvation after different feeding applications on sturgeon swimming behaviour. The surface-feeding application was previously expected to promote the frequent Siberian sturgeon swim up to the mid- and top-water layers in our rearing facilities. However, our results indicated that the modified behaviour of the Siberian sturgeon in our study was caused by fish starvation and a possible predator-free environment rather than by the method of feed application or the day/night light regimes. These results may be used to improve the implementation of restocking programmes either through modified hatchery rearing practice or the training of foraging skills with predator stimuli.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2710
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Prabhakar Sharma ◽  
Anurag Verma ◽  
Prakash Kumar Jha ◽  
Prabhakar Singh ◽  
...  

Microplastic disposal into riverine ecosystems is an emergent ecological hazard that mainly originated from land-based sources. This paper presents a comprehensive review on physical processes involved in microplastics transport in riverine ecosystems. Microplastic transport is governed by physical characteristics (e.g., plastic particle density, shape, and size) and hydrodynamics (e.g., laminar and turbulent flow conditions). High-density microplastics are likely to prevail near riverbeds, whereas low-density particles float over river surfaces. Microplastic transport occurs either due to gravity-driven (vertical transport) or settling (horizontal transport) in river ecosystems. Microplastics are subjected to various natural phenomena such as suspension, deposition, detachment, resuspension, and translocation during transport processes. Limited information is available on settling and rising velocities for various polymeric plastic particles. Therefore, this paper highlights how appropriately empirical transport models explain vertical and horizontal distribution of microplastic in riverine ecosystems. Microplastics interact, and thus feedback loops within the environment govern their fate, particularly as these ecosystems are under increasing biodiversity loss and climate change threat. This review provides outlines for fate and transport of microplastics in riverine ecosystems, which will help scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders in better monitoring and mitigating microplastics pollution.


Author(s):  
Christopher J. Patrick ◽  
Kurt E. Anderson ◽  
Brown L. Brown ◽  
Charles P. Hawkins ◽  
Anya Metcalfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cucchi ◽  
Nicolas Flipo ◽  
Agnès Rivière ◽  
Yoram N. Rubin

Located in the critical zone at the intersection between surface water and groundwater, hyporheic zones (HZ) host a variety of hydrological, biological and biogeochemical processes regulating water availability and quality and sustaining riverine ecosystems. However, difficulty in quantifying water fluxes along this interface has limited our understanding of these processes, in particular under dynamic flow conditions where rapid variations can impact large-scale HZ biogeochemical function. In this study, we introduce an innovative measurement assimilation chain for determining uncertainty-quantified hydraulic and thermal HZ properties, as well as associated uncertainty-quantified high-frequency water fluxes. The chain consists in the assimilation of data collected with the LOMOS-mini geophysical device with a process-based, Bayesian approach. The application of this approach on a synthetic case study shows that hydraulic and thermal HZ properties can be estimated from LOMOS-mini measurements, their identifiability depending on the Peclet number – summarizing the hydrological and thermal regime. Hydraulic conductivity values can be estimated with precision when greater than ~10−5m · s−1 when other HZ properties are unknown, with decreasing uncertainty when other HZ properties are known prior to starting the LOMOS-mini measurement assimilation procedure. Water fluxes can be estimated in all regimes with varying accuracy, highest accuracy is reached for fluxes greater than ~10−6m · s−1, except under highly conductive exfiltration regimes. We apply the methodology on in situ datasets by deriving uncertainty-quantified HZ properties and water fluxes for 2 data points collected during field campaigns. This study demonstrates that the LOMOS-mini monitoring technology can be used as complete and stand-alone sampling solution for quantifying water and heat exchanges under dynamic exchange conditions (time resolution &lt; 15 min).


Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Angeliki Mentzafou ◽  
George Varlas ◽  
Anastasios Papadopoulos ◽  
Georgios Poulis ◽  
Elias Dimitriou

Water resources, especially riverine ecosystems, are globally under qualitative and quantitative degradation due to human-imposed pressures. High-temporal-resolution data obtained from automatic stations can provide insights into the processes that link catchment hydrology and streamwater chemistry. The scope of this paper was to investigate the statistical behavior of high-frequency measurements at sites with known hydromorphological and pollution pressures. For this purpose, hourly time series of water levels and key water quality indicators (temperature, electric conductivity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations) collected from four automatic monitoring stations under different hydromorphological conditions and pollution pressures were statistically elaborated. Based on the results, the hydromorphological conditions and pollution pressures of each station were confirmed to be reflected in the results of the statistical analysis performed. It was proven that the comparative use of the statistics and patterns of the water level and quality high-frequency time series could be used in the interpretation of the current site status as well as allowing the detection of possible changes. This approach can be used as a tool for the definition of thresholds, and will contribute to the design of management and restoration measures for the most impacted areas.


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