Nutrient fluxes in throughfall and stemflow in forest Cerrado species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Cristina Tonello ◽  
Alexandra Guidelli Rosa ◽  
Manuel Enrique Gamero Guandique ◽  
Luara Castilho Pereira ◽  
Gregorio Nolazco Matus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Physicochemical Features

<p>Although recognized as a hotspot, being one of the most diverse biomes in Brazil and responsible for recharging the main aquifers in South America, the Cerrado has been suffering from intense deforestation. Since rainfall, after reaching the forest canopy, has its physicochemical features altered by the metabolites leaching from the leaves tissues, branches, and stem, this study was developed in order to obtain information about the hydrological processes in the biome and the potential of nutrient input by their forest species. There is a lack of studies as proposed in natural environments such as Cerrado. Based on this, we have evaluated the relative importance of stemflow and throughfall solute concentrations to the soil surface in a Cerrado forest in Brazil and also the potential of stemflow by 8 Cerrado species to soil nutrient input. The following chemical aspects from rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were determined: Na<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, hardness (Ca<sup>2+ </sup>and Mg<sup>2+</sup>), Cl<sup>-</sup>, , PO<sup>3-</sup> and  on a liquid chromatograph Metrohm ECO IC during august to december 2018. The comparison between mean concentration, showed that most of the elements and compounds were more concentrated in throughfall and stemflow, except for Na<sup>2+ </sup>and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, which were more concentrated in rainfall (p <0.05). While the amount of stemflow channeled to the tree trunks comprised approximately 4% of rainfall, some nutrients in stemflow were enriched up to 10-fold in comparison to throughfall and rainfall. When we have discriminated the solute concentration by stemflow between 8 forest species from Cerrado, we have noted that each species has a specific contribution to the stemflow nutrient and for most of the species, the ion concentrations in the stemflow water is higher than those found in the rainfall and throughfall. Xylopia aromatica has shown the major difference between the solute concentrations when compared within other species. The total input of nutrients fluxes, as the amount of rainfall loading had been ranked as follows: K<sup>+ </sup>> Ca<sup>2+ </sup>> Mg<sup>2+ </sup>> NO<sub>3</sub> > > > Cl<sup>-</sup> > Br<sup>-</sup>. The highest nutrient input by stemflow was for K<sup>+</sup>, which ranged from 7.91 (H. ochraceus) to 114.08 (X. aromatica) kg ha<sup>-1</sup>.These results highlight the importance of investigating the individual contribution of each species in the stemflow in Cerrado forest, suggesting a variety in nutrient input through the biogeochemical cycle and could be a strategy to accommodate the species for soil recovering. The knowledge of the biogeochemical dynamic helps to understand the processes that are responsible for the sustainability of forest ecosystems and the forest ecosystem plays an important role in water balance, not only in terms of water quantity (volume) but also in the distribution of the chemical elements.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the throughfall and stemflow nutrient contents in mixed and pure plantations of Acacia mangium, Pseudosamenea guachapele and Eucalyptus grandis

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano de Carvalho Balieiro ◽  
Avílio Antônio Franco ◽  
Renildes Lúcio Ferreira Fontes ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Dias ◽  
Eduardo Francia Carneiro Campello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Mixed Plantations

The interception of the rainfall by the forest canopy has great relevance to the nutrient geochemistry cycle in low fertility tropical soils under native or cultivated forests. However, little is known about the modification of the rainfall water quality and hydrological balance after interception by the canopies of eucalyptus under pure and mixed plantations with leguminous species, in Brazil. Samples of rainfall (RF), throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF) were collected and analyzed in pure plantations of mangium (nitrogen fixing tree -NFT), guachapele (NFT) and eucalyptus (non-nitrogen fixing tree -NNFT) and in a mixed stand of guachapele and eucalyptus in Seropédica, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nine stemflow collectors (in selected trees) and nine pluviometers were randomly disposed under each stand and three pluviometers were used to measure the incident rainfall during 5.5 months. Mangium conveyed 33.4% of the total rainfall for its stem. An estimative based on corrections for the average annual precipitation (1213 mm) indicated that the rainfall's contribution to the nutrient input (kg ha-1) was about 8.42; 0.95; 19.04; 6.74; 4.72 and 8.71 kg ha-1 of N-NH4+, P, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2 and Na+, respectively. Throughfall provided the largest contributions compared to the stemflow nutrient input. The largest inputs of N-NH4+ (15.03 kg ha-1) and K+ (179.43 kg ha-1) were observed under the guachapele crown. Large amounts of Na+ denote a high influence of the sea. Mangium was the most adapted species to water competitiveness. Comparatively to pure stand of eucalyptus, the mixed plantation intensifies the N, Ca and Mg leaching by the canopy, while the inputs of K and P were lower under these plantations.

Charge characteristics of soil in a lowland tropical moist forest in Panama in response to dry-season irrigation

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Yavitt ◽  
S. Joseph Wright
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Variable Charge ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Moist Forest

Although the hot, moist tropics in the Republic of Panama receive more than 2000 mm of rain per year, soils dry considerably during the 4-month dry season. We examined the effect of seasonal drought by irrigating two 2.25-ha plots of lowland tropical moist forest on Barro Colorado Island (BCI) for 5 consecutive dry seasons. Irrigation decreased soil permeability and improved soil nutrient status, which prompted this study of soil charge characteristics in the irrigated and control plots. Soil was an Alfisol, and thus it was not clear a prioriwhether variable-charge or permanent-charge components dominated. Surface soil (0–15 cm) had a pH(H2O) of 5.5 and pH(KCl) of 4.8. Subsurface soil (30–45 cm) had a pH(H2O) of 4.8 and a pH(KCl) of 3.5. The point of zero salt effect (PZSE), measured by titration, varied from 3.7 to 5.0 in surface soil and from 3.5 to 4.2 in subsurface soil. Variable charge of surface soil was 2.6 cmolc/kg.pH unit after the dry season in April versus 3.2 cmolc/kg.pH unit after the wet season in December in both control and dry-season irrigated plots, reflecting seasonal differences in pH and PZSE. The point of zero net charge (PZNC), measured by ion retention, was at pH <2.0, indicating that permanent-charge components dominated the soil surface charge. Five years of dry-season irrigation resulted in pH(H2O) increasing by 0.6 units and pH(KCl) increasing by 0.2 units. As well, irrigation increased the amount of permanent charge and cation retention, leading to less sorption of phosphate and sulfate. The results have important ecological implications, showing mechanistically how wetter conditions affected soil surface charge leading to improved soil nutrient status. permanent charge, soil pH, tropical forest soil, variable charge, water regime.

scholarly journals Soil Changes and Tree Seedling Response Associated with Site Preparation in Northern Idaho

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Page-Dumroese ◽  
Martin F. Jurgensen ◽  
Alan E. Harvey ◽  
Russell T. Graham ◽  
Jonalea R. Tonn
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Northern Idaho

Abstract Conifer regeneration in western North America is often hampered by low soil moisture, poor soil nutrient status, and competing vegetation. Three site preparation techniques were evaluated at two different elevations in northern Idaho as potential remedies for these problems: (1) soil mounds without control of competing vegetation, (2) soil mounds with herbicidal control of competing vegetation, and (3) scalping (removal of soil surface organic horizons and mineral topsoil). Treatments were evaluated for effects on soil nutrient levels, soil physical properties, and the growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) and western white pine (Pinus monticola) seedlings. Both species generally grew best when planted in the mounded treatment with competing vegetation removed and worst after scalping. Mounding with herbicide application resulted in the lowest bulk density, best seedling growth, and increased water availability. Mounding may be a viable site preparation method in the Inland Northwest on less productive sites that have severe competition. Scalping, especially when competition was not a problem, generally did not produce favorable seedling growth responses. Scalping may also reduce longer term seedling growth by removing surface organic matter. West. J. Appl. For. 12(3):81-88.

Soil Collembola communities along a steep microclimatic gradient in the collapse doline of the Silická ľadnica Cave, Slovak Karst (Slovakia)

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Raschmanová ◽  
Dana Miklisová ◽  
Ľubomír Kováč
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Permafrost Zone ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Species Numbers ◽  
Collapse Doline ◽  
Wallis Anova ◽  
Perennial Ice

AbstractIn spring 2005 we investigated the collembolan communities in the 50-m-deep collapse doline of the perennial ice cave Silická ľadnica in the Slovak Karst (Slovakia). Samples were taken at seven sites along a 117.5-m-long transect on the slope from the ice-bearing cave mouth at the bottom of the doline up to the terrain surface at 500 m above sea level (a.s.l.). The temperature above the soil surface (+0.6 to +13.6°C) positively correlated with altitude. Species numbers (ranging from 20–32) and diversity indices were highest at sites in the middle of the slope with rendzina and well developed organic profiles. A Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA revealed significant differences in abundance between the sites. Mean abundance near the permafrost zone at the bottom of the doline was significantly higher than at the sites further upslope. The abundances of some eurytopic and forest species were significantly correlated with soil temperature. Cluster analysis and the IndVal method indicated differences in the structure of Collembolan communities along the transect. The community at the coldest site had the lowest species richness and the highest mean abundance of individuals. A total of ten montane species were recorded, with a lower number near the permafrost zone compared to the micro-climatically more favourable middle section of the gradient.

scholarly journals Quantifying nutrient uptake as driver of rock weathering in forest ecosystems by magnesium stable isotopes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Uhlig ◽  
Jan A. Schuessler ◽  
Julien L. Bouchez ◽  
Jean Dixon ◽  
Friedhelm von Blanckenburg
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Rock Weathering ◽  
Forest Trees

Abstract. Plants and soil microbiota play an active role in rock weathering and potentially couple weathering at depth with erosion at the soil surface. The nature of this coupling is still unresolved because we lacked means to quantify the passage of chemical elements from rock through higher plants. In a temperate forested landscape of the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory (SSCZO), California, we measured magnesium (Mg) stable isotopes that are sensitive indicators of Mg utilisation by biota. We find that Mg is highly bio-utilised: 50–100 % of the Mg released by chemical weathering is taken up by forest trees. To estimate the tree uptake of other bio-utilised elements (K, Ca, P and Si) we compared the dissolved fluxes of these elements and Mg in rivers with their solubilisation fluxes from rock (rock dissolution flux minus secondary mineral formation flux). We find a deficit in the dissolved fluxes throughout, that we attribute to the nutrient uptake by forest trees. Therefore both the Mg isotopes and the flux comparison suggests that a substantial part of the major element weathering flux is consumed by the tree biomass. This isotopic and elemental compartment separation is preserved only if the mineral nutrients contained in biomass are prevented from re-dissolution after litter fall, showing that these nutrients have been removed as "solid" biomass. The enrichment of 26Mg over 24Mg in tree trunks relative to leaf litter suggests that this removal occurs mainly in coarse woody debris (CWD). Today, CWD is exported from the ecosystem by tree logging. Over pre-anthropogenic weathering time scales, a similar removal flux might have been in operation in the form of natural erosion of CWD. Regardless of the removal mechanism, our data provides the first direct quantification of biogenic uptake following weathering. We find that Mg and other bio-elements are taken up by trees at up to 7 m depth, and surface recycling of all bio-elements but P is minimal. Thus, in the watersheds of the SSCZO in which weathering is fast and kinetically-limited, the coupling between erosion and weathering might be established by bio-elements that are taken up by trees, not recycled and missing in the dissolved river flux due to erosion as CWD and as leaf-derived bio-opal for Si. We suggest that the partitioning of a biogenic weathering flux into eroded plant debris might represent a significant global contribution to element export after weathering in eroding mountain catchments that are characterised by a continuous supply of fresh mineral nutrients.

The effects of fire on the soil in a degraded semi-arid woodland .III. Nutrient pool sizes, biological activity and herbage response

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Tongway ◽  
KC Hodgkinson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Nutrient Pool ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
South Wales

The effect of experimental fire regimes on soil nutrient pool values, surface condition status and herbage growth was studied in a shrub-invaded woodland on massive red earths near Coolabah, New South Wales. Artificial fuel was burnt in spring on plots to achieve intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 years between fires. No differences between fire regimes were detected below 1 cm for any of the measured soil variables. Soil respiration declined linearly with increasing number of fires and increasing total fuel load. There were no differences or trend for available or total soil nitrogen, organic carbon or soil wettability in the 0-1 cm horizon, but relatively refractory elements such as P and K, derived from the ash from the artificial fuel, built up in the soil proportionately with increased fire number and total fuel load. The surface condition status of the soil as assessed by a monitoring method was strongly inversely related to the number of fires and total fuel load. Differences in herbage growth between fire treatments were not significant; however, where plots had been burnt five times, herbage growth was greater with increased variability (35.8 g me2, s.e. 19.0) compared with unburnt controls (10.7 g m-2, s.e. 1.7). Plots burnt seven times annually had similar means and variance to controls. Low herbage yields in control plots were attributed to the high biomass of mature shrubs, whilst increasing variability with number of fires was caused by the combination of patchy decreased shrub biomass and small-scale erosion-deposition cells which differentially distribute seeds across the soil surface. Plots burnt annually seven times had deposition beyond the plot area.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Sea Salt Deposition in a Coastal Pinus thunbergii Forest

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2682
Author(s):  
Akira Haraguchi ◽  
Masato Sakaki
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Salt Deposition ◽  
Sea Salt Deposition

We investigated the sea salt deposition process on the soil in a coastal black pine (Pinusthunbergii Parlatore) forest in Japan with reference to sea salt scavenging by the forest canopy and the following washout by precipitation. We collected throughfall and soil-infiltration water along transects crossing the coastal forest and measured the water chemistry—electric conductivity, pH, major cations (NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), major anions (Cl−, SO42−, NO2−, NO3−, and PO43−), and total organic carbon—at 10-m intervals on the survey transects. Leaching of base cations from surface soil kept lower acidity of soil water in the evergreen broadleaf forest, whereas soil infiltration water was acidified in the soil surface in the P. thunbergii forest. Hot spots of sea salt deposition on the soil surface were observed at hollows of the ground surface, slope-facing coastal line, or sites with an abrupt increase in height where the canopy faces the coast. However, the edge effect in sea salt scavenging was not evident in the juvenile stand at the forest edge, which had a height of <5 m. The sea salt deposition was only evident in the coastal black pine forest with canopy height >10 m.

Distribution of primary forest plant species in a 19-year old secondary forest in French Guiana

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. TORIOLA ◽  
P. CHAREYRE ◽  
A. BUTTLER
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Height Class

Secondary succession in a 19-y old tropical rainforest of French Guiana was investigated through the distribution pattern of primary forest species. The experimental plot of 25 ha was logged to simulate conditions of a paper pulp cut. Enumeration of all plants of height ≥ 50 cm in 52 subplots 10 m × 10 m indicated the number of species and individuals in five species categories; short-lived pioneer species, pioneer species that persist in mature forest, primary forest species capable of germinating in shade, primary forest species that indicate a preference for clearings (small gaps) in mature forest and understorey primary forest species. Change in proportion of the most abundant species (≥ 1 cm dbh) over the last 15 y indicated a decrease in short-lived pioneer species and an increase in pioneers that can persist in the mature forest. Proportion of species categories per height class indicated that primary forest species were mainly found in the lower height class in this forest which is largely dominated by secondary forest tree species forming a canopy that rarely exceeds 20 m. Individuals of primary forest species were encountered on ARBOCEL as sprouts from large stumps, sprouts from juveniles or as untraumatised saplings or juveniles. The distribution pattern in a 4-ha area of 11 selected primary forest canopy tree species revealed an overall trend in recolonisation of this species category in the secondary forest. Considered individually, the clustered distribution of stems of Eperua grandiflora showed the importance of regeneration through sprouting or remaining individuals. The gradient distribution, oriented from the edge to the centre of the studied plot, and displayed by the stem densities of Virola michelii, suggested a recent progressive dispersal of seeds. A more dynamic recolonisation front was observed for the primary forest understorey species Cassipourea guianensis and was probably linked to both the initial logging conditions and the fact that this species fruits when relatively young.

scholarly journals Breeding and Post-Breeding Habitat Use by Forest Migrant Songbirds in the Missouri Ozarks

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rich W. Pagen ◽  
Frank R. Thompson III ◽  
Dirk E. Burhans
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Point Counts

Abstract We compared habitat use by forest migrant songbirds during the breeding and post-breeding periods in four Missouri Ozark habitats: mature upland forest, mature riparian forest, 9- to 10-year-old upland forest, and 3- to 4-year-old upland forest created by clearcutting. Adult forest-ground species showed a decrease in abundance in all habitats during the post-breeding period, but hatching-year birds of one of the two forest-ground species were most abundant in early-successional forest during this time. Adults of the two forest-canopy species tended to increase in abundance in 3- to 4-year-old forest from breeding season to post-breeding season. During the breeding season, some forest species were detected with mist-nets in the two early-successional habitats, but infrequently or not at all with point counts in those habitats. Forest birds captured in early-successional habitats during the breeding season may have been nonbreeding floaters, or may have been foraging there from nearby territories in mature forest. Dense shrubs or young trees in early-successional forest may provide habitat for nonbreeding and post-breeding forest migrant songbirds in the Missouri Ozarks.

scholarly journals Ion input via rainwater in the southwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

CERNE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
Francine Neves Calil ◽  
Mauro Valdir Schumacher ◽  
Rudi Witschoreck ◽  
Vicente Guilherme Lopes ◽  
Márcio Viera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
Element Input ◽  
Elements In Rainwater

Ion input via rainfall alone and after interception by the forest canopy, constitutes an important path of biochemical cycling, although few studies have provided information on the subject so far. The objective of this work is to quantify ion inputs, via rainfall, in the southwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Ten rain gauges were mounted in a field area. The quantification of stored water volume, along with sample collection for determination of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium contents, was done fortnightly from September 2006 to August 2008. Local annual average precipitation in the relevant period was 1,588.3 mm. The concentration of chemical elements in rainwater was found to vary throughout, being inversely correlated with the increase in rainfall, while potassium, ammonium, phosphate, sulfate, chloride and sodium were found to have a significant mutual correlation (p <0.01). Based on the annual amount of nutrient input via rainwater, it can be inferred that rainfall is an important source of chemical element input into the forest system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document