Locating the rock hazard and understanding its physical process using seismic signals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Ming Chang ◽  
Wei-An Chao ◽  
Hongey Chen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Process ◽  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
Seismic Station ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Seismic Signals ◽  
Fractured Bedrock ◽  
Event Location ◽  
Movement Type ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
The Government

<p>Rock hazard is a common geohazard event that occurs in the orogenic mountain belt and often causes the destruction of road and casualties. The steep topography, fractured bedrock and frequent earthquakes favor to happen. Those are usually fast and unpredictable, leading a lack of direct observation of physical process. Recent seismological studies highlighted the rock hazard induced seismic signals could improve understanding of its dynamics. This study focuses on the three provincial highways that cross the Taiwan Island from east to west. The regions along the highways have the complexity in tectonic structure and extreme climate-forced erosion, causing the hazard frequently occurred. In order to understanding seismic features and physical process of rock hazard, we conducted a series of seismic analyses using the seismic records collected form regional seismic network for ten events, which were reported by the government agency. Four of them have the video recordings, which would be helpful to understanding the relationships between physical process (falling, rolling, bouncing and fragmentation), movement type (fall, topple, slump, slide, avalanche or complex) and seismic features. We developed the hybrid method of determination of geohazard event location (GeoLoc) that combines the cross-correlation-based method and the amplitude-attenuation-based approach. We apply the GeoLoc scheme to locate the events recorded by the seismic station with epicentral distance ranging from 2 to 56 kilometers (km) and it helps to reduce the location error. The leading seismic signals of the mass detachment linked to the crack propagation or slope response can be observed, and we also found that the seismic feature caused by fragment of rock block exhibits the higher frequency than the seismic signals corresponding to impaction of rock particles. Our results highlight the possibility of the seismic technique for locating rock hazards distributed along highways in a regional scale and further understanding its physical process. The aforementioned results would be helpful to build the near-real-time monitoring system along the highways for hazard mitigation of events.</p>

scholarly journals Formation time and mean movement velocities of the 7 August Zhouqu debris flows extracted from broadband seismic records

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 675-695
Author(s):  
Z. Li ◽  
X. Huang ◽  
Q. Xu ◽  
J. Fan ◽  
D. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Seismic Station ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Seismic Signals ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The catastrophic Zhouqu debris flows, which were induced by heavy rainfall, occurred at approximately midnight of 7 August 2010 (Beijing time, UTC + 8) and claimed 1765 lives. Broadband seismic signals recorded by the Zhouqu seismic station nearby are acquired and analyzed in this paper. The seismic signals are divided into two separate parts for the first time using the crucial time of 23:33:10 (Bejing time, UTC +8), with distinctly different frequency characteristics on time-by-time normalized spectrograms and amplitude increasing patterns on smoothed envelopes. They are considered to be generated by the development stage and the maturity stage of the Sanyanyu debris flow respectively. Seismic signals corresponding to the development stage have a broader main frequency band of approximately 0–15 Hz than that of the maturity stage, which is around 1–10 Hz. The N–S component can detect the development stage of the debris flow about 3 min earlier than other components due to its southward flow direction. Two sub-stages within the maturity stage are recognized from best-fitted amplitude increasing velocities and the satellite image of the Sanyanyu flow path and the mean movement velocities of the Sanyanyu debris flow during these two sub-stages are estimated to be 9.2 and 9.7 m s−1 respectively.

scholarly journals Indicators for site characterization at seismic station: recommendation from a dedicated survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Cultrera ◽  
Cécile Cornou ◽  
Giuseppe Di Giulio ◽  
Pierre-Yves Bard
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Station ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Site Characterization ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Seismic Networks ◽  
High Level ◽  
Data Acquisition And Processing

AbstractIn recent years, the permanent seismic networks worldwide have largely increased, raising the amount of earthquake signals and the applications using seismic records. Although characterization of the soil properties at recording stations has a large impact on hazard estimates, it has not been implemented so far in a standardized way for reaching high-level metadata. To address this issue, we built an online questionnaire for the identification of the indicators useful for a reliable site characterization at a seismic station. We analysed the answers of a large number of experts in different fields, which allowed us to rank 24 different indicators and to identify the most relevant ones: fundamental frequency (f0), shear-wave velocity profile (VS), time-averaged Vs over 30 m (VS30), depth of seismological and engineering bedrock (Hseis_bed and Heng_bed), surface geology and soil class. Moreover, the questionnaire proposed two additional indices in terms of cost and difficulty to obtain a reliable value of each indicator, showing that the selection of the most relevant indicators results from a complex balance between physical relevancy, average cost and reliability. For each indicator we propose a summary report, provided as editable pdf, containing the background information of data acquisition and processing details, with the aim to homogenize site metadata information at European level and to define the quality of the site characterization (see companion paper Di Giulio et al. 2021). The selected indicators and the summary reports have been shared within European and worldwide scientific community and discussed in a dedicated international workshop. They represent a first attempt to reach a homogeneous set of high-level metadata for site characterization.

Implications of a regional-scale process (the Lakshadweep low) on the mesozooplankton community structure of the Arabian Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Karati ◽  
G. Vineetha ◽  
T. V. Raveendran ◽  
P. K. Dineshkumar ◽  
K. R. Muraleedharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Process ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Mesozooplankton Community ◽  
Tropical Ocean

The Arabian Sea, a major tropical ocean basin in the northern Indian Ocean, is one of the most productive regions in the global ocean. Although the classical Arabian Sea ‘paradox’ describes the geographical and seasonal invariability in zooplankton biomass in this region, the effect of the Lakshadweep low (LL), a regional-scale physical process, on the zooplankton community has not yet been evaluated. The LL, characterised by low sea surface height and originating around the vicinity of the Lakshadweep islands during the mid-summer monsoon, is unique to the Arabian Sea. The present study investigated the effect of the LL on the zooplankton community. The LL clearly had a positive effect, with enhanced biomass and abundance in the mixed-layer depth of the LL region. Copepods and chaetognaths formed the dominant taxa, exhibiting strong affinity towards the physical process. Of the 67 copepod species observed, small copepods belonging to the families Paracalanidae, Clausocalanidae, Calanidae, Oncaeidae and Corycaeidae dominated the LL region. Phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a) was the primary determinant influencing the higher preponderance of the copepod community in this region.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Carbon Stock Potential in Selected Forest in Bhutan, India and Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Kezang Choden ◽  
Bhagat Suberi ◽  
Purna Chettri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
The Government

Forests are natural carbon reservoirs that play an important role in the global carbon cycle for storing large quantities of carbon in vegetation and soils. Carbon stored in pool helps in mitigating climate change by carbon sequestration. The vulnerable countries to changing climate such as Bhutan, Nepal, and India require a full understanding of carbon dynamics as well as baseline data on carbon stock potential to mitigate anticipated risks and vulnerabilities (RVs) through climate change. The scope of such RVs are trans boundary in nature, however, the comparative studies at regional scale are still scanty. Therefore, the aim of this review is to assess the carbon stock potentials of selected forest types in the eastern Himalayan area, with an emphasis on Bhutan, India, and Nepal. This review paper is based on published articles, information from websites and considerable data from National forestry reports of India and Bhutan; emphasizing on aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon stock. The review showed that carbon stock potential is highly dependent on stand density, above-ground biomass, species richness and forest types. The sub-tropical forest was found to have larger carbon capacity and sequestration potential. SOC concentration and tree biomass stocks were significantly higher at the high altitude where there is less human disturbance. In general, forest coverage has increased compare to previous year in Bhutan, India and Nepal which ultimately leads to higher carbon stock potential. It is mainly due to strong policies and different strategies for conservation of forest management have reduced mass destruction despite a growing population. Despite the rules, deforestation continues to occur at various scales. However, it can be stated that the government and citizens are working hard to increase carbon stock potential, mostly through afforestation and community forest creation. In addition, it is recommended to practice sustainable forest management, regulated and planned cutting of trees and proper forest products utilization.

IT Security for SCADA

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Rahul Rastogi ◽  
Rossouw von Solms
Keyword(s):  
Physical Process ◽  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
It Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Scada Security ◽  
The Government

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System) is a cyber-physical system, wherein IT (Information Technology) components work in conjunction with field devices to control a physical process. The security of these IT components becomes crucial in view of the damaging effects that any security breach of these IT components can have on the underlying physical process. In response to this critical issue, various governments across the world have recognized the issue of SCADA security and have initiated the creation of a regulatory framework for mandating SCADA security in their respective countries. This paper provides a brief overview of the cyber-security issues of SCADA and the implications of Stuxnet for SCADA security. The paper reviews the steps taken by the governments of India and South Africa; and it provides guidance to the owners of SCADA regarding SCADA security, as mandated by the Government of India.

scholarly journals Seismic detection of rockslides at regional scale: examples from the Eastern Alps and feasibility of kurtosis-based event location

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Fuchs ◽  
Wolfgang Lenhardt ◽  
Götz Bokelmann ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Seismic Networks

Abstract. Seismic records can provide detailed insight into the mechanisms of gravitational mass movements. Catastrophic events that generate long-period seismic radiation have been studied in detail, and monitoring systems have been developed for applications on a very local scale. Here we demonstrate that similar techniques can also be applied to regional seismic networks, which show great potential for real-time and large-scale monitoring and analysis of rockslide activity. This paper studies 19 moderate-sized to large rockslides in the Eastern Alps that were recorded by regional seismic networks within distances of a few tens of kilometers to more than 200 km. We develop a simple and fully automatic processing chain that detects, locates, and classifies rockslides based on vertical-component seismic records. We show that a kurtosis-based onset picker is suitable to detect the very emergent onsets of rockslide signals and to locate the rockslides within a few kilometers from the true origin using a grid search and a 1-D seismic velocity model. Automatic discrimination between rockslides and local earthquakes is possible by a combination of characteristic parameters extracted from the seismic records, such as kurtosis or maximum-to-mean amplitude ratios. We attempt to relate the amplitude of the seismic records to the documented rockslide volume and reveal a potential power law in agreement with earlier studies. Since our approach is based on simplified methods we suggest and discuss how each step of the automatic processing could be expanded and improved to achieve more detailed results in the future.

Socially Not Acceptable: Lessons from a Wind Farm Project in St-Valentin, Quebec

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Simard
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Public ◽  
Ongoing Relationship ◽  
The Government

Social acceptability appears as a new public norm that major projects must meet in order to be authorized and realized. This article proposes to analyze the case of a wind farm project in the municipality of St-Valentin, Quebec, Canada near the border with Vermont, which was cancelled by the government due to lack of social acceptance, in order to illustrate the importance of this norm today. The project involved the construction of 25 turbines to generate 52 MW of power. Launched in 2006, the project was already significantly under way by 2008; however, in 2011, the government permanently shelved it. Through a combination of document analysis and 11 interviews, we identified the main reasons for the lack of social acceptability: lack of upstream consultation from the developer and wrong scale planned for the consultation process, controversies surrounding the public decision-making process, profound contradictions between the community’s values and interests and the nature of the project, and perceptions of the impacts on the landscape and conflicting uses. For better project social acceptability, lessons learned from this case suggest from a procedural perspective opting for broad, open, and early consultation, prioritizing a regional scale for the approach and acting with transparency, clear rules and a concern for building an ongoing relationship with stakeholders. From a more substantive perspective, our analysis points to the importance of factoring in the level of compatibility between the nature of the project and the values and interests shared by stakeholders in the community, and planning potential modifications to adapt the project to the context in light of their demands.

scholarly journals Revitalization of property asset on the Dumilah Waterpark through the infill development of new activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 778 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
E B Santoso ◽  
V K Siswanto ◽  
U Sulistyandari
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
City Government ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Infill Development ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Abstract Property assets owned by the city government should provide high benefits as a source of regional income. The asset is aging so that its productivity will decrease. The government is trying to revitalize assets to make them more productive. The purpose of this study is to determine the best utilization that can provide the highest benefit. The method used to assess the development of these assets is through the high best use approach. Several alternatives to the use of assets compared with the analysis of financial feasibility include the calculation of IRR, NPV, PP, ROI. The utilization of property assets that is more profitable for landowners, based on the results of the FGDs that have been carried out there is an opportunity to build a supporting facility for the development of Dumilah Water Park as a Hotel and Convention Hall. Both of these facilities have considerable economic appeal to support the function of the city of Madiun as a center for trade and services on a regional scale. Based on the calculation of financial feasibility at Dumilah Water Park with an initial investment amount of Rp. 60,354,000,000.00 then the Net Present Value is obtained of Rp. 6,258,119. Likewise, the Internal Rate of Return was obtained at 11.41%, greater than the 10% interest rate. Meanwhile, the Payback Period of this investment is 8 years with an ROI of 10%.

scholarly journals Making of Smart Education and Investment System 4.0 for Halal Industry (SEISHI) Application-Based

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Murdiono ◽  
Afwan Hariri Agus Prohmi ◽  
Suryo Hadi Wira Prabowo ◽  
Adelia Sabrina P ◽  
Ari Gunawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Smart Education ◽  
Investment System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Expert Validation

Indonesia,, with its large Muslim population, is an important market for and stakeholder in the development of the halal food industry. However, the halal industry in Indonesia has not grown optimally. One of the causes is that halal industry players currently only use Islamic banking, so they are less in touch with the wider community. This study aims to offer a solution to improve Islamic financing outside of Islamic banking, using an Islamic financing application called SEISHI (Smart Education and Investment System 4.0 for Halal Industries). SEISHI is offers an innovative fintech alternative for funding and investment for halal institutions in Indonesia. This research was designed at a regional scale in Malang and involved expert validation, material validation and 20 sample respondents to determine the acceptability of SEISHI applications. The descriptive qualitative method was used. The results of the study indicate that the application of SEISHI can bring together important elements in the halal industry cycle, namely halal industry players, Islamic banking, investors and the government regulators, and so strengthen Islamic funding and investment for halal industry players on an ongoing basis. Keywords: SEISHI, Sharia Funding, Sharia Investment, Halal Industry

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