Variation of the surface ozone concentration during precipitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Ptashnik ◽  
Boris D. Belan ◽  
Denis E. Savkin ◽  
Gennadii N. Tolmachev ◽  
Tatayana K. Sklyadneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Chem Phys ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
American Geophysical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface Ozone Concentration

<p>In the review compiled by Monks et al. (2015), it is noted that the main variations in the tropospheric ozone are determined by the exchange between the troposphere and the stratosphere, in-situ photochemical production from gaseous precursors depending on their composition and concentration, solar radiation income, and meteorological conditions. The impact of precipitation on the surface ozone concentration is a less well-studied factor.</p><p>The process of ozone interaction with precipitation was studied theoretically (Heicklen, 1982). Two ways of the above process were analyzed: adsorption of gas molecules on the surface of a particle and a chemical reaction with its surface. There are no direct data on the verification of these findings in the literature. At the same time, there is some evidence of a possible link between precipitation and ozone.</p><p>This study is aimed to analyze the presence or absence of changes in the ozone concentration during precipitation. Variations of the surface ozone concentration (SOC) in the presence of precipitation were analyzed using the long-term data obtained at the TOR-station established in 1992 for ozone monitoring in Tomsk. It was revealed that these changes can be both positive (increase in concentration) and negative. The sharp changes in the SOC are observed when frontal precipitation takes place. In the presence of air-mass precipitation, the sign and magnitude of the change is determined by the diurnal variation of ozone concentration.</p><p>The analysis showed a coincidence of the SOC growth during precipitation with its increase in diurnal variation in 59% of cases. The coincidence in the wave of the concentration decline in the diurnal variation with decreasing precipitation rate is even higher and amounts to 85%.</p><p>Airborne sounding carried out in the vicinity of the TOR-station shown that in a number of cases the ozone deposition from the boundary layer is observed upon the transition of thermal stratification during the precipitation to neutral.</p><p> </p><p>Monks P. S, Archibald A. T., Colette A., Cooper O., Coyle M., Derwent R., Fowler D., Granier C., Law K. S., Mills G. E., Stevenson D. S., Tarasova O., Thouret V., von Schneidemesser E., Sommariva R., Wild O., Williams M. L. Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2015, v.15, N15, p.8889–8973.</p><p>Heicklen J. The Removal of Atmospheric Gases by Particulate Matter. In Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry, ed. D. R. Schryer, Geophysical Monograph 26. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, USA, 1982, p. 93-98.</p>

scholarly journals The influence of African air pollution on regional and global tropospheric ozone

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1193-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Aghedo ◽  
M. G. Schultz ◽  
S. Rast
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biogenic Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface Ozone Concentration

Abstract. We investigate the influence of African biomass burning, biogenic, lightning and anthropogenic emissions on the tropospheric ozone over Africa and globally using a coupled global chemistry climate model. Our model studies indicate that surface ozone concentration may rise by up to 50 ppbv in the burning region during the biomass burning seasons. Biogenic emissions yield between 5–30 ppbv increase in the near surface ozone concentration over tropical Africa. The impact of lightning on surface ozone is negligible, while anthropogenic emissions yield a maximum of 7 ppbv increase in the annual-mean surface ozone concentration over Nigeria, South Africa and Egypt. Our results show that biogenic emissions are the most important African emission source affecting total tropospheric ozone. The influence of each of the African emissions on the global tropospheric ozone burden (TOB) of 384 Tg yields about 9.5 Tg, 19.6 Tg, 9.0 Tg and 4.7 Tg for biomass burning, biogenic, lightning and anthropogenic emissions emitted in Africa respectively. The impact of each of these emission categories on African TOB of 33 Tg is 2.5 Tg, 4.1 Tg, 1.75 Tg and 0.89 Tg respectively, which together represents about 28% of the total TOB calculated over Africa. Our model calculations also suggest that more than 70% of the tropospheric ozone produced by each of the African emissions is found outside the continent, thus exerting a noticeable influence on a large part of the tropical troposphere. Apart from the Atlantic and Indian Ocean, Latin America experiences the largest impact of African emissions, followed by Oceania, the Middle East, Southeast and south-central Asia, northern North America (i.e. the United States and Canada), Europe and north-central Asia, for all the emission categories.

scholarly journals Effect of ozone precursors on surface ozone variations in GAW Kototabang and Cibeureum

2021 ◽  
Vol 893 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
A I Utami ◽  
R I Nasution ◽  
M Asnia
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Rural And Remote Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface Ozone Concentration

Abstract Ozone composition is widely distributed in the troposphere. Surface ozone, known as a secondary pollutant, is a by-product of burning fossil fuels. Increasing the concentration of GHG (CO2, CH4, and CO) as precursors can affect the surface ozone concentration. This study aims to determine the type of precursor that affects the concentration of surface ozone and also to determine the impact of surface ozone and its precursors in rural and remote areas. In general, surface ozone concentrations in both Kototabang and Cibereum begin to increase at 08 – 09 WIB, following the increase in solar radiation intensity, and decrease at 18 – 19 WIB. This pattern is because surface ozone is a secondary pollutant formed by photochemical reactions, in which the photochemical reactions are triggered by energy from solar radiation. The correlation of the surface ozone concentration with CO2, CH4, and CO in the Cibeureum was -0.17, 0.31, and 0.40. The correlation values of surface ozone concentration with CO2, CH4, and CO in the Cibeureum area are 0.09, 0.45, and 0.48. The highest correlation is shown by a CO correlation of 0.40. moreover the highest correlation is shown by a CO correlation of 0.48. The results in this study indicate the effect of each precursor on surface ozone concentration and the accompanying processes.

scholarly journals The influence of African air pollution on regional and global tropospheric chemistry

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 5797-5838 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Aghedo ◽  
M. G. Schultz ◽  
S. Rast
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
African Region ◽  
Biogenic Voc ◽  
Surface Ozone Concentration

Abstract. We investigate the relative importance of African biomass burning, biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC), lightning and anthropogenic emissions to the tropospheric ozone budget over Africa and globally using a coupled global chemistry climate model. Our model studies indicate that the photochemical surface ozone concentration may rise by up to 50 ppbv in the burning region during the biomass burning seasons. Biogenic VOCs contribute between 5–20 ppbv to the near surface ozone concentration over the tropical African region. The impact of lightning on surface ozone is negligible, while anthropogenic emissions contribute a maximum of 10 ppbv to the surface ozone over Nigeria, South-Africa and Egypt. The annual average of the surface and column ozone over Africa shows that biomass burning is the single most important emission source affecting the African region, while biogenic emissions have the highest contribution during the rainy seasons. The contributions of African emissions to global tropospheric ozone burden (TOB) are about 9 Tg, 13 Tg, 8 Tg and 4 Tg for African biomass burning, biogenic VOC, lightning and anthropogenic emissions respectively. These correspond to 2.4%, 3.4%, 2.1% and 1% of the global tropospheric ozone budget respectively. Over Africa itself, the contribution of each of these emission types is only 2.4 Tg, 2.2 Tg, 1.4 Tg and 0.8 Tg respectively. Outside the continent, African biogenic VOC emissions yield the highest contribution to the TOB. Our model calculations suggest that about 70% of the tropospheric ozone produced from emissions in Africa is found outside the continent, thus exerting a noticeable influence on a large part of the tropical troposphere. Latin America experiences the highest impact of African emissions, followed by southeast and south-central Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East for all the emission categories; while Canada, the United States, Russia, Mongolia, China and Europe experience the least impact of African emissions.

scholarly journals Long-term trends of surface ozone and its influencing factors at the Mt. Waliguan GAW station, China – Part 1: Overall trends and characteristics

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (21) ◽  
pp. 30987-31024 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Xu ◽  
W. L. Lin ◽  
X. B. Xu ◽  
J. Tang ◽  
J. Q. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Western China ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Surface Ozone Concentration

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone is an important atmospheric oxidant, greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutant at the same time. The level of tropospheric ozone, particularly in the surface layer, is impacted by emissions of precursors and is subjected to meteorological conditions. Due its importance, the long-term variation trend of baseline ozone is highly needed for environmental and climate change assessment. So far, studies about the long-term trends of ozone at representative sites are mainly available for European and North American sites. Similar studies are lacking for China, a country with rapid economic growth for recent decades, and many other developing countries. To uncover the long-term characteristics and trends of baseline surface ozone, concentration in western China, measurements at a global baseline Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) station in the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau region (Mt. Waliguan) for the period of 1994 to 2013 were analysed in this study, using a modified Mann–Kendall test and the Hilbert–Huang Transform analysis for the trend and periodicity analysis, respectively. Results reveal higher surface ozone during the night and lower during the day at Waliguan, due to mountain-valley breezes. A seasonal maximum in summer was found, which was probably caused by enhanced stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange events and/or by tropospheric photochemistry. Analysis suggests that there is a season-diurnal cycle in the three-dimensional winds on top of Mt. Waliguan. Season-dependent daytime and nighttime ranges of 6 h were determined based on the season-diurnal cycle in the three-dimensional winds and were used to sort subsets of ozone data for trend analysis. Significant increasing trends in surface ozone were detected for both daytime (1.5–2.7 ppbv 10 a−1) and nighttime (1.3–2.9 ppbv 10 a−1). Autumn and spring revealed the largest increase rates, while summer and winter showed relatively weaker increases. The HHT spectral analysis confirmed the increasing trends in surface ozone concentration and could further identify four different stages with different increasing rates, with the largest increase occurring around May 2000 and October 2010. A 2–4, 7 and 11 year periodicity was found in the surface ozone concentration. The results are highly valuable for related climate and environment change assessments of western China and surrounding areas, and for the validation of chemical-climate models.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of megacities on local, regional and global tropospheric ozone and the deposition of nitrogen species

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 12215-12231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. S. Stock ◽  
M. R. Russo ◽  
T. M. Butler ◽  
A. T. Archibald ◽  
M. G. Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Chemical Environment ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Emissions

Abstract. We examine the effects of ozone precursor emissions from megacities on present-day air quality using the global chemistry–climate model UM-UKCA (UK Met Office Unified Model coupled to the UK Chemistry and Aerosols model). The sensitivity of megacity and regional ozone to local emissions, both from within the megacity and from surrounding regions, is important for determining air quality across many scales, which in turn is key for reducing human exposure to high levels of pollutants. We use two methods, perturbation and tagging, to quantify the impact of megacity emissions on global ozone. We also completely redistribute the anthropogenic emissions from megacities, to compare changes in local air quality going from centralised, densely populated megacities to decentralised, lower density urban areas. Focus is placed not only on how changes to megacity emissions affect regional and global NOx and O3, but also on changes to NOy deposition and to local chemical environments which are perturbed by the emission changes. The perturbation and tagging methods show broadly similar megacity impacts on total ozone, with the perturbation method underestimating the contribution partially because it perturbs the background chemical environment. The total redistribution of megacity emissions locally shifts the chemical environment towards more NOx-limited conditions in the megacities, which is more conducive to ozone production, and monthly mean surface ozone is found to increase up to 30% in megacities, depending on latitude and season. However, the displacement of emissions has little effect on the global annual ozone burden (0.12% change). Globally, megacity emissions are shown to contribute ~3% of total NOy deposition. The changes in O3, NOx and NOy deposition described here are useful for quantifying megacity impacts and for understanding the sensitivity of megacity regions to local emissions. The small global effects of the 100% redistribution carried out in this study suggest that the distribution of emissions on the local scale is unlikely to have large implications for chemistry–climate processes on the global scale.

scholarly journals Impact of uncertainties in inorganic chemical rate constants on tropospheric composition and ozone radiative forcing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Newsome ◽  
Mat Evans
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Photolysis Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chemical Rate

Abstract. Chemical rate constants determine the composition of the atmosphere and how this composition has changed over time. They are central to our understanding of climate change and air quality degradation. Atmospheric chemistry models, whether online or offline, box, regional or global use these rate constants. Expert panels synthesise laboratory measurements, making recommendations for the rate constants that should be used. This results in very similar or identical rate constants being used by all models. The inherent uncertainties in these recommendations are, in general, therefore ignored. We explore the impact of these uncertainties on the composition of the troposphere using the GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model. Based on the JPL and IUPAC evaluations we assess 50 mainly inorganic rate constants and 10 photolysis rates, through simulations where we increase the rate of the reactions to the 1σ upper value recommended by the expert panels. We assess the impact on 4 standard metrics: annual mean tropospheric ozone burden, surface ozone and tropospheric OH concentrations, and tropospheric methane lifetime. Uncertainty in the rate constants for NO2 + OH    M →  HNO3, OH + CH4 → CH3O2 + H2O and O3 + NO → NO2 + O2 are the three largest source of uncertainty in these metrics. We investigate two methods of assessing these uncertainties, addition in quadrature and a Monte Carlo approach, and conclude they give similar outcomes. Combining the uncertainties across the 60 reactions, gives overall uncertainties on the annual mean tropospheric ozone burden, surface ozone and tropospheric OH concentrations, and tropospheric methane lifetime of 11, 12, 17 and 17 % respectively. These are larger than the spread between models in recent model inter-comparisons. Remote regions such as the tropics, poles, and upper troposphere are most uncertain. This chemical uncertainty is sufficiently large to suggest that rate constant uncertainty should be considered when model results disagree with measurement. Calculations for the pre-industrial allow a tropospheric ozone radiative forcing to be calculated of 0.412 ± 0.062 Wm−2. This uncertainty (15 %) is comparable to the inter-model spread in ozone radiative forcing found in previous model-model inter-comparison studies where the rate constants used in the models are all identical or very similar. Thus the uncertainty of tropospheric ozone radiative forcing should expanded to include this additional source of uncertainty. These rate constant uncertainties are significant and suggest that refinement of supposedly well known chemical rate constants should be considered alongside other improvements to enhance our understanding of atmospheric processes.

Meteorological and fire impacts on tropospheric ozone concentration over tropical forest in the Congo Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Vieira ◽  
Hans Verbeeck ◽  
Félicien Meunier ◽  
Marc Peaucelle ◽  
Lodewijk Lefevre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Ozone Precursor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Levels

<p>Tropospheric ozone is a greenhouse gas, and high tropospheric ozone levels can directly impact plant growth and human health. In the Congo basin, simulations predict high ozone concentrations, induced by high ozone precursor (VOC and NOx) concentrations and high solar irradiation, which trigger the chemical reactions that form ozone. Additionally, biomass burning activities are widespread on the African continent, playing a crucial role in ozone precursor production. How these potentially high ozone levels impact tropical forest primary productivity remains poorly understood, and field-based ozone monitoring is completely lacking from the Congo basin. This study intends to show preliminary results from the first full year of in situ measurements of ozone concentration in the Congo Basin (i.e., Yangambi, Democratic Republic of the Congo). We show the relationships between meteorological variables (temperature, precipitation, radiation, wind direction and speed), fire occurrence (derived from remote sensing products) and ozone concentrations at a new continuous monitoring station in the heart of the Congo Basin. First results show higher daily mean ozone levels (e.g. 43 ppb registered in January 2020) during dry season months (December-February). We identify a strong diurnal cycle, where minimum values of ozone (almost near zero) are registered during night hours, and maximum values (near 100 ppb) are registered during the daytime. We also verify that around 2.5% of the ozone measurements exceeds a toxicity level (potential for ozone to damage vegetation) of 40 ppb. In the longer term, these measurements should improve the accuracy of future model simulations in the Congo Basin and will be used to assess the impact of ozone on the tropical forest’s primary productivity.</p>

Observational studies on the variations in surface ozone concentration at Anantapur in southern India

2010 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Suresh Kumar Reddy ◽  
K. Raghavendra Kumar ◽  
G. Balakrishnaiah ◽  
K. Rama Gopal ◽  
R.R. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Surface Ozone Concentration
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