Mitigating the warming in urban areas: Experimental study of different roof materials in a subtropical monsoon climate
<p>Different roof materials are deployed for mitigating the urban heat, which significantly affects<br>our life. However, the performance of specific roof materials could be influenced by the<br>background climate. To evaluate the effectiveness of roof materials on temperature reductions in<br>a subtropical monsoon climate region, this study performs field experiments using four different<br>roof materials (gray and white surfaces, solar panel, and grass surface) from December 2017 to<br>July 2018. The results show that the white surface reduced the average daily surface temperature<br>by 3.37 &#176;C. This cooling effect increased with the increase in surface albedo and incoming solar<br>radiation. However, the average cooling effect of the grass surface was much lower (0.43 &#176;C).<br>This is attributable to the low soil moisture, which was influenced by the monsoon, thereby<br>indicating that irrigation is required to improve the thermal performance of grass roofs even in<br>humid regions. The solar panel reduced the daily surface temperature by 0.59 &#176;C but exerted<br>strong warming (7.36 &#176;C) during midday and cooling effects (4.03 &#176;C) during midnight because<br>of its low albedo, low emissivity, and low heat capacity. Our results suggest that, for the roof<br>treatments explored here, white roofs are more effective for mitigating urban heat in a<br>subtropical monsoon climate under the present climatic conditions and especially for drier<br>climates predicted for the future, while grass roofs are not a sustainable method as they require<br>irrigation to achieve a cooling effect and solar panels may heat the urban atmosphere.</p>