Compression wood has a minor effect on the climate signal in tree-ring stable isotopes of montane Norway spruce

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Janecka ◽  
Ryszard Kaczka ◽  
Holger Gärtner ◽  
Jill E. Harvey ◽  
Kerstin Treydte
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Tree Ring Cellulose

<p>Compression wood is a common tissue present in the trunk, branches and roots of mechanically stressed coniferous trees. Its main role is to increase the mechanical strength and regain the vertical orientation of a leaning stem. Compression wood is thought to influence the climate signal in different tree-ring measures. Hence trees containing compression wood are mostly excluded from tree-ring studies reconstructing past climate variability. There is a large gap of systematic work testing the potential effect of compression wood on the strength of the climate signal in different tree-ring parameters, and especially stable isotope records.</p><p>Here we test for the first time the effect of compression wood contained in montane Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) on both δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O tree-ring cellulose records by analyzing compression and opposite wood radii from several disturbed trees together with samples from undisturbed reference trees. We selected four trees tilted by geomorphic processes that were felled by wind, and four undisturbed reference trees in the Tatra Mountains, Poland. We qualitatively classified the strength of compression wood using wood cell anatomical characteristics (tracheid shape, cell wall thickness and presence of intercellular spaces). Then we developed tree-ring width, δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O chronologies from the compression wood radii and the opposite radii of the tilted trees, and from the radii of the reference trees. We tested the effect of compression wood on tree-ring cellulose δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O variability and on the climate signal strength. Only minor differences were found in the means of δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O compression, opposite and reference radii. The statistical relationships between climate variables, δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O remained consistent among all chronologies. Our findings suggest that moderately tilted trees containing compression wood can be used to both reconstruct past geomorphic activity, and stable-isotope based dendroclimatological research.</p>

Compression wood has a minor effect on the climate signal in tree-ring stable isotope records of montane Norway spruce

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1014-1028
Author(s):  
Karolina Janecka ◽  
Ryszard J Kaczka ◽  
Holger Gärtner ◽  
Jill E Harvey ◽  
Kerstin Treydte
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Tree Ring Cellulose ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o

Abstract Compression wood (CW) is a common tissue present in the trunk, branches and roots of mechanically stressed coniferous trees. Its main role is to increase the mechanical strength and regain the vertical orientation of a leaning stem. Compression wood is thought to influence the climate signal in different tree-ring measures. Hence trees containing CW are mostly excluded from tree-ring studies reconstructing past climate variability. There is a large gap of systematic work testing the potential effect of CW on the strength of the climate signal in different tree-ring parameters, especially stable isotope records. Here we test for the first time the effect of CW contained in montane Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) on both δ13C and δ18O tree-ring cellulose records by analyzing compression and opposite wood radii from several disturbed trees together with samples from undisturbed reference trees. We selected four trees tilted by geomorphic processes that were felled by wind and four undisturbed reference trees in the Tatra Mountains, Poland. We qualitatively classified the strength of CW using wood cell anatomical characteristics (tracheid shape, cell wall thickness and presence of intercellular spaces). Then we developed tree-ring width and δ13C and δ18O chronologies from the CW radii, from the opposite radii of the tilted trees and from the reference radii. We tested the effect of CW on tree-ring cellulose δ13C and δ18O variability and on the climate signal strength. We found only minor differences in the means of δ13C and δ18O of compression (δ13C: −22.81‰, δ18O: 28.29‰), opposite (δ13C: −23.02‰; δ18O: 28.05‰) and reference (δ13C: −22.78‰; δ18O: 27.61‰) radii. The statistical relationships between climate variables, δ13C and δ18O, remained consistent among all chronologies. Our findings suggest that moderately tilted trees containing CW can be used to reconstruct past geomorphic activity and for stable isotope-based dendroclimatology.

scholarly journals High-resolution <sup>14</sup>C bomb peak dating and climate response analyses of subseasonal stable isotope signals in wood of the African baobab – a case study from Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 3539-3564
Author(s):  
Franziska Slotta ◽  
Lukas Wacker ◽  
Frank Riedel ◽  
Karl-Uwe Heußner ◽  
Kai Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Tree Ring Cellulose

Abstract. The African baobab, Adansonia digitata L., has great paleoclimatological potential because of its wide distributional range and millennial length life span. However, dendroclimatological approaches are hampered by dating uncertainties due to its unique, parenchyma-dominated stem anatomy. Here, securely dated time series of annual wood increment growth and intra-ring stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen of cellulose for a baobab tree from Oman covering 1941 to 2005 were established and tested for relationships to hydroclimate variability. Precise dating with the atomic bomb peak (ABP) using highly resolved 14C measurements confirmed the annual character of the baobab's growth rings. F14C values of tree-ring cellulose were found up to 8.8 % lower than in the corresponding atmospheric CO2 for the period around the ABP, which in conjunction with a considerable autocorrelation of the δ13C series points to the incorporation of previous year's carbon contributing to the average age of intra-ring wood samples. F14C of terminal parenchyma bands, marking the tree-ring boundaries, were found to be considerably younger than their corresponding tree ring, indicating that parenchyma tissue is alive for many years, probably undergoing cell division and structural reorganization and contributing to secondary growth. In contrast to the δ13C time series, no significant autocorrelation was found in the δ18O series of tree-ring cellulose despite the enormous water storage potential of this stem-succulent tree species. Year-to-year variability in tree-ring width and stable isotope ratios revealed radial stem growth and the geochemistry of wood cellulose are influenced by fluctuations in the hydroclimate. In particular, δ18O was found to be a good climate proxy, followed by tree-ring width and δ13C. Tree-ring width and intra-ring δ18Omin correlated well with each other and with precipitation amount for the period from pre-monsoon May to the end of the monsoon season in September/October. Intra-annual stable isotope courses were found to be rather similar for both δ13C and δ18O. Years with particularly low monsoon rain were reflected by increased stable isotope values in the mid-section of intra-annual courses. Distinct patterns with low subseasonal isotope values seem indicative for years with heavy rainfall events from pre-monsoonal cyclones. Rain events from post-monsoonal cyclones may also be recorded; however, only 2 years of observation prevented a more conclusive evaluation.

scholarly journals High resolution <sup>14</sup>C bomb-peak dating and climate response analyses of subseasonal stable isotope signals in wood of the African baobab – A case study from Oman

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Slotta ◽  
Lukas Wacker ◽  
Frank Riedel ◽  
Karl-Uwe Heußner ◽  
Kai Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Tree Ring Cellulose

Abstract. The African baobab, Adansonia digitata, has great paleoclimatological potential because of its wide distributional range and millennial lifespan. However, dendroclimatological approaches are hampered by dating uncertainties due to its parenchyma-dominated wood anatomy. Here, securely-dated time series of annual wood increment growth and intra-ring stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen of cellulose for a baobab tree from Oman covering 1941 to 2005 were established. Precise dating with the bomb peak by highly resolved 14C measurements proved the annual character of the baobab's growth rings. But, F14C values of tree-ring cellulose were found up to 8.8 % lower than in the corresponding atmospheric CO2 for the period around the bomb peak. In conjunction with a considerable autocorrelation of the δ13C series this points to the incorporation of previous years' carbon significantly affecting the average age of derived wood. Terminal parenchyma bands, marking the tree-ring boundaries, were found to be significantly younger than their corresponding tree ring indicating that parenchyma tissue is alive for many years undergoing cell division, reorganization and potential growth. No autocorrelation was found in the δ18O series of tree-ring cellulose despite the huge water-storage potential of this stem-succulent tree species. Tree-ring width and stable isotope ratios have revealed significant climate sensitivity. δ18O was found to be a good climate proxy followed by tree-ring width and δ13C. Tree-ring width and intra-ring δ18Omin correlated well with each other and with precipitation amount for the period from pre-monsoon May to the end of the monsoon season in September/October. Intra-annual stable isotope courses were found rather similar for both δ13C and δ18O. Years with particularly low monsoon rain were reflected by increased stable isotope values in the mid-section of intra-annual courses. Distinct patterns with low subseasonal isotope values seem indicative for years with heavy rainfall events from pre-monsoonal cyclones. Rain events from post-monsoonal cyclones may also be recorded, however, only two years of observation prevent from a conclusive evaluation.

Climatic factors controlling reproduction and growth of Norway spruce in southern Norway

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidar Selås ◽  
Gianluca Piovesan ◽  
Jonathan M Adams ◽  
Mauro Bernabei
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
June July

Time series of seed production and tree-ring width of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in southern Norway were analysed for their relationship to various climatic factors occurring during "key" stages, which a priori might be expected to show a strong climate response. The following factors combined in a multiple linear regression model were found to predict seed production (based on withheld data points) with considerable accuracy, at high levels of statistical significance: June–July mean temperature and August lowest temperature in the previous year, late spring frost and June–July precipitation of the last 2 years, and January–February lowest temperature in the current year. Tree ring width was negatively correlated with the seed production index of the current year and the lowest July temperature in the previous year and positively correlated with June-July precipitation in the current year. It is suggested that habitat constraints for seedling establishment should also be considered in a more general life-history cost theory to explain masting behaviour in forest trees.

Detection and Classification of Norway Spruce Compression Wood in Reflected Light by Means of Hyperspectral Image Analysis

IAWA Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Duncker ◽  
Heinrich Spiecker
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Hyperspectral Image ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spectral Angle Mapper ◽  
Hyperspectral Image Analysis ◽  
Reflected Light

A methodology has been developed based on reflected light to detect compression wood in stem cross sections of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). In addition to quantify the spatial distribution of compression wood, the chronological pattern of its formation is recorded by cross linking the pixel classification to the tree ring sequence. An imaging spectrometer is used to record the spectral characteristics in the visible light and near infrared of the cross-sectional surface. Cross-sectional areas are classified by hyperspectral image analysis into severe compression wood, moderate compression wood, normal wood, and background/cracks. The classification is performed by the Spectral Angle Mapper algorithm, which compares the standardized spectrum of each pixel with reference spectra stored in a spectral library. The reference spectra are obtained from selected training areas of the different compression wood severity classes identified by cell characteristics under a light microscope. The tree ring boundaries are located in a grey scale image which shows the spatial information at wavelength 435 nm and the annual radial increment is measured. The classification accuracy is tested by a confusion matrix and cross-analysed with High-Frequency Densitometry.

scholarly journals A Norway spruce tree-ring width chronology for the Common Era from the Central Scandinavian Mountains

2021 ◽  
pp. 125896
Author(s):  
Eva Rocha ◽  
Björn Gunnarson ◽  
Jesper Björklund ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Hans W. Linderholm
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era

scholarly journals Radial growth of Scots pine and Norway spruce stands as an indicator of soil and environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012074
Author(s):  
B Aparin ◽  
B Babikov ◽  
D Zolotukhin ◽  
E Mingareeva
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Cyclical Pattern ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Successive Change

Abstract The study presents an analysis of radial growth of Scots pine and Norway spruce trees growing on drained soils formed on varved clays at the sample sites of the Lisino Experimental Forestry (Lisino). Based on dendrochronological studies in Lisino, it has been found that the radial growth of Scots pine and Norway spruce is a sensitive indicator of changes in the soil water regime, climate, and phytocenotic relationships. On the basis of the character of tree-ring width growth, the growth charts allowed distinguishing zones with close to average growth values, as well as with increased and decreased values of radial growth. The cyclical pattern of tree ring width is well expressed in the successive change of zones. The availability of dendrochronological research materials with precise spatial and temporal reference makes it possible to organize monitoring of radial growth of trees as an indicator of changes in climate and habitat conditions.

scholarly journals Experiments based on blue intensity for reconstructing North Pacific temperatures along the Gulf of Alaska

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Wilson ◽  
Rosanne D'Arrigo ◽  
Laia Andreu-Hayles ◽  
Rose Oelkers ◽  
Greg Wiles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Cool Period ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Blue Intensity

Abstract. Ring-width (RW) records from the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) have yielded a valuable long-term perspective for North Pacific changes on decadal to longer timescales in prior studies but contain a broad winter to late summer seasonal climate response. Similar to the highly climate-sensitive maximum latewood density (MXD) proxy, the blue intensity (BI) parameter has recently been shown to correlate well with year-to-year warm-season temperatures for a number of sites at northern latitudes. Since BI records are much less labour intensive and expensive to generate than MXD, such data hold great potential value for future tree-ring studies in the GOA and other regions in mid- to high latitudes. Here we explore the potential for improving tree-ring-based reconstructions using combinations of RW- and BI-related parameters (latewood BI and delta BI) from an experimental subset of samples at eight mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) sites along the GOA. This is the first study for the hemlock genus using BI data. We find that using either inverted latewood BI (LWBinv) or delta BI (DB) can improve the amount of explained temperature variance by > 10 % compared to RW alone, although the optimal target season shrinks to June–September, which may have implications for studying ocean–atmosphere variability in the region. One challenge in building these BI records is that resin extraction did not remove colour differences between the heartwood and sapwood; thus, long term trend biases, expressed as relatively warm temperatures in the 18th century, were noted when using the LWBinv data. Using DB appeared to overcome these trend biases, resulting in a reconstruction expressing 18th–19th century temperatures ca. 0.5 °C cooler than the 20th–21st centuries. This cool period agrees well with previous dendroclimatic studies and the glacial advance record in the region. Continuing BI measurement in the GOA region must focus on sampling and measuring more trees per site (> 20) and compiling more sites to overcome site-specific factors affecting climate response and using subfossil material to extend the record. Although LWBinv captures the inter-annual climate signal more strongly than DB, DB appears to better capture long-term secular trends that agree with other proxy archives in the region. Great care is needed, however, when implementing different detrending options and more experimentation is necessary to assess the utility of DB for different conifer species around the Northern Hemisphere.

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