Average Quantifying the snowmelt dominant river erosion in Afghanistan between 2004-2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Basir Mahmoodzada ◽  
Divyesh Varade ◽  
Sawahiko Shimada ◽  
Hiromu Okazawa ◽  
Chembolu Vinay
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
Erosion Area

<p>Flooding of rivers is one of the major causes of soil erosion leading to significant changes in the geomorphological environment. Particularly, in countries such as Afghanistan, where the transboundary are designated according to the Amu River shorelines, are significantly affected by riverbank erosions. Amu River is driven by streamflow from the Pir Pranjal ranges of Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Numerical analysis of the river flow dynamics in such regions is subject to the scarce data availability on ground stations. Thus, ERA5 Reanalysis data provides a significant means for the temporal analysis of the geomorphological changes in such multi-national watersheds.</p><p>In this study, we propose a framework to quantify the Amu riverbank erosion in the Kaldar District of the Balkh Province of Afghanistan. The proposed framework is based on establishing an empirical relationship between the riverbank erosion area based on the discharge intensity and the specific stream power. To determine these two parameters, the river discharge is modeled using the ERA5 Reanalysis hydrological parameters based on multivariate regression. The river width is determined using the Normalized Difference Water Index-based (NDWI) derived from the Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 datasets. The riverbank erosion area is determined using shoreline analysis carried out using these datasets. The shoreline analysis indicates that Afghanistan is losing precious land due to the riverbank erosion over the past two decades (2004-20) amounting to as much as 86 sq. km and on average 5.4 sq. km every year. According to the ERA5 Reanalysis data, the water contribution from snowmelt in the spring and the summer was significantly dominant compared to the precipitation, which is consistent with several other watersheds in the north-western Himalayas. The river width and the discharge are observed to follow a power-law relation with an r<sup>2 </sup>of 0.7. Additionally, the discharge intensity and the specific stream power showed significant relation (r<sup>2 </sup>of 0.84 both) corresponding to the riverbank erosion area, where the peak flood events were observed to be outliers.</p>

A comparative study of urban heat island effects in two Belarusian cities from satellite and ground-based observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heorhi Burchanka ◽  
Yahor Prakopchyk ◽  
Tsimafei Schlender ◽  
Aleh Baravik ◽  
Siarhei Barodka
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urban Heat

<p>This study is devoted to analysis of urban development effects on surface thermal characteristics for the case of Belarusian cities of Minsk and Mahiloŭ. Both cities being situated on the same latitude (53.90 N) and not far from each other (~180 km distance), while also sharing a number of similar features typical for cities in Belarus (and in some other former Eastern Bloc countries as well), Minsk and Mahiloŭ nevertheless differ significantly in terms of their population, size and structure. It is therefore of interest to perform urban climate studies for these two cities in parallel.</p><p>First, we use geoinformation systems (QGIS), centralized city planning databases and Open Street Maps (OSM) vector data to implement description of Minsk and Mahiloŭ urban territories in terms of functional zones, taking into account such features as buildings density and urban area category (industrial, residential, business, recreational and other types).</p><p>Furthermore, we perform analysis of surface temperature fields for both cities from satellite data (Landsat-8) and ground-based observations, the latter including both regular meteorological stations (in urban as well as surrounding rural areas) and a volunteer network of weather and air quality sensors distributed in both cities as part of the AirMQ project [1]. We analyze observations for several months in the 2019-2021 period (depending on data availability), paying special attention to days with specific weather conditions (e.g. blocking anticyclones).</p><p>Analysis demonstrates clear evidence of significant urban heat island effects in thermal regimes of both cities, with specific areas of increased temperature related to urban zoning, industrial and green areas, buildings heights and density. However, the selected method of surface urban heat island (SUHI) detection turns out to be somewhat limited for the purposes of studying the effects of blocking anticyclones on urban heat island phenomena development, thereby calling for application of atmospheric numerical modelling techniques.</p><p>[1] AirMQ project, URL: https://airmq.by/</p>

scholarly journals Normalized Method for Land Surface Temperature Monitoring on Coastal Reclaimed Areas

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahaa Mohamadi ◽  
Shuisen Chen ◽  
Timo Balz ◽  
Khansa Gulshad ◽  
Stephen C. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Robust Detection

The temporal analysis of land surface temperature (LST) has generally been studied using data from the same season, as temperature varies greatly over time. However, the cloud cover in thermal remotely sensed images and the coarse resolution of passive sensor system significantly limits data availability of same season for comparative temporal analysis in many parts of the world. To address this problem, we propose a new method for temporal monitoring of surface temperature based on LST normalization (LSTn); deploying the average open water temperature to normalize LST when monitoring temporal change in the surface temperature of newly coastal reclaimed areas. This method was applied in the Lingding Bay area, Guangdong Province, Southern China. Original LST and LSTn values were calculated for years 1987, 1997, 2007, and 2017. In contrast to the original LST, results show that LSTn can reduce seasonal variability when monitoring temporal change in surface temperatures. Additionally, LSTn revealed pronounced differences between the temperature of impervious surfaces and other land cover types. This method offers more robust detection of surface urban heat islands than original LST in newly developed coastal areas.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Estuarine Turbidity Maximum Zone from Landsat-8 Data: The Case of the Maroni River Estuary, French Guiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Abascal-Zorrilla ◽  
Vincent Vantrepotte ◽  
Nicolas Huybrechts ◽  
Dat Dinh Ngoc ◽  
Edward J. Anthony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Turbidity Maximum ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Estuarine Turbidity Maximum ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Residual Circulation ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) zone occurs in river estuaries due to the effects of tidal dynamics, density-driven residual circulation and deposition/erosion of fine sediments. Even though tropical river estuaries contribute proportionally more to the sediment supply of coastal areas, the ETM in them has been hardly studied. In this study, surface suspended particulate matter (SPM) determined from OLI (Operational Land Imager)-Landsat 8images was used to gain a better understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the ETM of the tropical Maroni estuary (located on the Guianas coast, South America). A method to estimate the remotely-sensed ETM location and its spatiotemporal evolution between 2013 and 2019 was developed. Each ETM was defined from an envelope of normalized SPM values > 0.6 calculated from images of the estuary. The results show the influence of the well-marked seasonal river discharge and of tides, especially during the dry season. The ETM is located in the middle estuary during low river-flow conditions, whereas it shifts towards the mouth during high river flow. Neap–spring tidal cycles result in a push of the ETM closer to the mouth under spring-tide conditions or even outside the mouth during the rainy season. An increase in SPM, especially since 2017, coincident with an extension of the ETM, is shown to reflect the periodic influence of mud banks originating from the mouth of the Amazon and migrating along the coast towards the Orinoco (Venezuela). These results demonstrate the advantages of ocean color data in an exploratory study of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the ETM of a tropical estuary, such as that of the Maroni.

scholarly journals A simple method for water balance estimation based on the empirical method and remotely sensed evapotranspiration estimates

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-451
Author(s):  
George Falalakis ◽  
Alexandra Gemitzi
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Satisfactory Outcome

Abstract Developing a methodology for water balance estimation is a significant challenge, especially in areas with little or no gauging. This is because direct measurements of all the water balance components are not feasible. To overcome this issue, we propose a simple methodology based on the predefined empirical relationship between remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET), i.e. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ET and groundwater recharge (GR), and readily available precipitation data at the monthly time step. The developed methodology was applied in seven catchments in NE Greece using time series of precipitation and remotely sensed ET from 2009 to 2019. The potential of the proposed method to accurately estimate the water balance was assessed by the comparison of the individual water balance components against modeled values. Three performance metrics were examined and indicated that the methodology produces a satisfactory outcome. Our results indicated mean ET accounting for approximately 54% of precipitation, mean GR of 24% and mean surface runoff approximately 22% of precipitation in the study area. The proposed approach was implemented using freely available remotely sensed products and the free R software for statistical computing and graphics, offering thus a convenient and inexpensive alternative for water balance estimation, even for basins with limited data availability.

Geomorphological and hydrological characterization of a meandering river by UAV and UWV applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Bertalan ◽  
Hannes Sardemann ◽  
David Mader ◽  
Noémi Mária Szopos ◽  
Bálint Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Infrared Image ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Meandering River

<p>The Sajó River in Hungary is a medium-sized sand-bed river along which intensive meander development and bank erosion occur. The process threatens agricultural lands and populated areas extensively.  Therefore, preventive river management is needed.</p><p>Main geomorphological features, processes and in-channel flow conditions have to be studied in detail in order to reveal main driving factors. Datasets with high spatio-temporal resolution are necessary to identify relevant parameters. However, so far data density at this river is sparse and gauging stations are distributed poorly.</p><p>The aim of this study is the improvement of data availability to measure and model hydromorphodynamics of single reaches of the Sajó River. Therefore, multi-temporal field campaigns along selected sub-reaches are conducted with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Unmanned Water Vehicles (UWV) to survey the topography, the river bed and flow conditions. The channel bathymetry is measured by a single-beam echo sounder mounted on a self-designed remotely controlled boat. The boat also integrates a Mobile Laser Scanner (MLS) to measure the river banks. Furthermore, a panorama camera system is installed to improve the pose estimation of the UWV functioning as a calibrated multi-sensor platform. UAV surveys were performed, using RGB and Thermal Infrared image sequences, to apply image velocimetry algorithms to characterize the river flow at selected cross-sections.  ADCP measurements and Terrestrial Laser Scans (TLS) are used for accuracy assessment of the novel datasets.</p><p>Eventually, data captured over a 2-years period will be implemented into hydrodynamic modeling of the studied sub-reaches to better understand seasonal variations in channel morphodynamics.</p><p>----<br>The project has been founded by the DAAD (57448822) and (Tempus Public Foundation & DAAD 307670). The research is also influenced by the HARMONIOUS COST Action (CA16219).</p>

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal analysis of prodelta dynamics by means of new satellite generation: the case of Po river by Landsat-8 data

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 210-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Manzo ◽  
Federica Braga ◽  
Luca Zaggia ◽  
Vittorio Ernesto Brando ◽  
Claudia Giardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Po River ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Analysis of long-term terrestrial water storage variations in Yangtze River basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 11487-11520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Huang ◽  
M. S. Salama ◽  
M. S. Krol ◽  
R. van der Velde ◽  
A. Y. Hoekstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre ◽  
Lower Yangtze ◽  
Gauging Station

Abstract. In this study, we analyze 32 yr of TWS data obtained from Interim Reanalysis Data (ERA-Interim) and Noah model from Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS-Noah) for the period between 1979 and 2010. The accuracy of these datasets is validated against 26 yr (1979–2004) of runoff dataset from Yichang gauging station and compared to 32 yr of independent precipitation data obtained from Global Precipitation Climatology Centre Full Data Reanalysis Version 6 (GPCC) and NOAA's PRECipitation REConstruction over Land (PREC/L). Spatial and temporal analysis of the TWS data shows that TWS in the Yangtze River basin is decreasing significantly since the year 1998. The driest period of the basin is noted from 2005 to 2010, especially in the middle and lower Yangtze reaches. The TWS changed abruptly into persistently high negative anomalies in the middle and lower Yangtze reaches in 2004. From both basin and annual perspectives, 2006 is detected as the major inflection point at which the system exhibits a persistent decrease in TWS. Comparing these TWS trends to independent precipitation datasets shows that the recent decrease in TWS can mainly be attributed to a decrease in precipitation amount. Our finding is based on observation and modeling data sets and confirms previous results based on gauging station datasets.

scholarly journals Appraisal of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in District Swat, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Owais ◽  
Saima Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
Geospatial Tools ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Right

14 September, 2019 Accepted: 07 October, 2019Abstract: Deforestation and forest degradation are not only a problem of north western mountainous region of Pakistanbut it is one of the main global environmental issues. To find out deforestation rate and its extent in Swat, KhyberPakhtunkhwa, Landsat 5 (October 2, 2011) and Landsat 8 OLI (October 15, 2016) data were processed in CarnegieLandsat Analysis System (CLASlite v3.3). Primary data related to deforestation in Swat were also obtained from localpeople through a structured questionnaire. Primary data were analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS). Changes in land cover can be clearly identified during image analysis. The temporal analysis of forest coverbetween 2011 and 2016 showed a significant change in forest cover. About 11 km² area is converted from forest tobarren land, while approximately 9,985 km² area of forest cover was degraded. The perceived causes of deforestation inthe study area are unsustainable use and mismanagement of forest resources, population growth, plantation ofeucalyptus and lack of basic facilities and awareness. However, community ignorance is the main factor responsible fordeforestation and forest degradation. One of the major consequences of deforestation can be related to the totaldisappearance of Charchur waterfall in Talang Kota lower Swat in September 2016. Therefore, it is the right time tomove toward sustainable management, detection and monitoring of national forest reserves by using geospatial tools,and by the involvement of local communities to participate in decision making about the conservation of forestresources.

scholarly journals Development of Kd(490) Algorithm Using Medium Spatial Resolution Landsat 8 OLI Arround Shallow Waters In Panggang Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
Budhi Agung Prasetyo ◽  
Wikanti Asriningrum ◽  
Vincentius Paulus Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Ocean Color ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Color Data

The state of water quality around Panggang Island, Seribu Islands, in recent decades experienced degradation caused by human activities. The parameters of the diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd) is an important optical property-related attenuation of light in the water column, and its brightness. Landsat 8 data has potential to map the value of Kd(490) in regional waters in Indonesia. Landsat 8 data could provide solutions to spatial data availability of Kd(490) values in addition to Ocean Color data. The purposes of this research was to developed empirical algorithm of Landsat 8 data to derive values of Kd(490) that can be use as tools for monitoring water quality optically on a regional scale which could not be done by Ocean Color data that has spatial resolution limitation. In-situ measurement of radiometric data was done by using TriOS-RAMSES hyperspectral spectroradiometer with a range of 320 – 890 nm and spectral sampling of 3.3 nm on shallow-waters around Panggang Island. The development of Kd(490) algortihm was done by simulation on ratio of Green and Near-infrared band has great determination values with Kd(490) empirically, which that empirical algorithm can be applied on Landsat 8 data to derive its values. In addition, it is noted that the shallow-waters around Panggang Island, dominant affected by absorption of chlorophyll-a rather than scattering by suspended solids.

scholarly journals Spatial Monitoring of Urban Development Direction using Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS in Balikpapan City, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2703-2711
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Density Class ◽  
Landsat 7

The development of urban areas in the city of Balikpapan increases over time and is characterized by increasing population. The growth and development of urban areas needs to be monitored so that the control function on area spatial can be implemented. This research aims to determine the direction of urban areas and measure the density of the built-up as a leading indicator of the development of urban areas in Balikpapan. The method used in this study is the multispasio-temporal analysis of remote sensing data of Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS which contain a combination of spectral transformation, classification supervised Maximum Likelihood, accuracy assessment and statistical analysis. The results showed the trend of urban development from 2001 to 2019 towards east and northeast with the highest built-up density located in the sub-district of Balikpapan Tengah by 82.07% and followed by the sub-district of Balikpapan Kota by 76.94%. The largest land conversion took place on the bare soil with low vegetation density class to be vegetation with the converted area of 7095.91 ha or approximately 14.10% followed by the bare soil with low vegetation density class to be built-up with the converted area of 5826.86 ha or about 11.58% of the total area of Balikpapan city during the period from 2001 to 2019. The accuracy of urban development map in 2001 reaches 92.39 % and the year 2019 reaches 95.69 %, while the accuracy of land cover map in 2001 reaches 85.57% and the year 2019 reaches 87.28 %.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document