scholarly journals Particle transport in the central Ionian Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Berline ◽  
Andrea Doglioli ◽  
Anne Petrenko ◽  
Stephanie Barrillon ◽  
Boris Espinasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
The West ◽  
Chl A ◽  
The North ◽  
Lagrangian Modeling ◽  
Sicily Channel ◽  
Biological History

<p><span>In the </span><span>upper</span><span> layers of the Ionian Sea, young Mediterranean Atlantic Waters (MAW) flowing eastward from the Sicily channel meet old MAW. In May 2017, during the PEACETIME cruise, </span><span>fluorescence and particle content sampled at high resolution revealed unexpected heterogeneity in the central Ionian. Surface salinity measurements, together with altimetry-derived and hull-mounted ADCP currents, describe a zonal pathway of AW entering the Ionian Sea, consistent with the so-called cyclonic mode in the North Ionian Gyre. The ION-Tr transect, located ~19-20°E- ~36°N turned out to be at the crossroad of three water masses, mostly coming from the west, north and from an isolated anticyclonic eddy northeast of ION-Tr. Using Lagrangian numerical simulations, we suggest that the contrast in particle loads </span><span>along </span><span>ION-Tr originates from particles transported from these three different water masses. Waters from the west, identified as young AW carried by a strong southwestward jet, were intermediate in particle load, probably originating from the Sicily channel. Water mass originating from the north was carrying abundant particles, probably originating from northern Ionian, or further from the south Adriatic. Waters from the eddy, depleted in particles and Chl-a may originate from south of Peloponnese, where the Pelops eddy forms. </span></p><p><span>The central Ionian Sea hence appears as a mosaic area, where waters of contrasted biological history meet. This contrast is particularly clear in spring, when blooming and non-blooming areas co-occur. </span></p><p><span>High resolution measurements reveal a high heterogeneity in properties such as particles abundances. To interpret these distributions, </span><span>combination of multiparametric </span><span><em>in situ</em></span><span> measurements with remote sensing and Lagrangian modeling appears </span><span>necessary</span><span>. </span></p>

scholarly journals Long distance particle transport to the central Ionian Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léo Berline ◽  
Andrea Michelangelo Doglioli ◽  
Anne Petrenko ◽  
Stéphanie Barrillon ◽  
Boris Espinasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Lagrangian Modeling ◽  
Sicily Channel

Abstract. In the upper layers of the Ionian Sea, young Mediterranean Atlantic Waters (MAW) flowing eastward from the Sicily channel meet old MAW. In May 2017, during the PEACETIME cruise, fluorescence and particle content sampled at high resolution revealed unexpected heterogeneity in the central Ionian. Surface salinity measurements, together with altimetry-derived and hull-mounted ADCP currents, describe a zonal pathway of AW entering the Ionian Sea, consistent with the so-called cyclonic mode in the North Ionian Gyre. The ION-Tr transect, located ~19–20° E–~36° N turned out to be at the crossroad of three water masses, mostly coming from the west, north and from an isolated anticyclonic eddy northeast of ION-Tr. Using Lagrangian numerical simulations, we suggest that the contrast in particle loads along ION-Tr originates from particles transported from these three different water masses. Waters from the west, identified as young AW carried by a strong southwestward jet, were intermediate in particle load, probably originating from the Sicily channel. Water mass originating from the north was carrying abundant particles, probably originating from northern Ionian, or further from the south Adriatic. Waters from the eddy, depleted in particles and Chl-a may originate from south of Peloponnese, where the Pelops eddy forms. The central Ionian Sea hence appears as a mosaic area, where waters of contrasted biological history meet. This contrast is particularly clear in spring, when blooming and non-blooming areas co-occur. Particle abundance in situ measurements are useful to discriminate water masses and derive circulation, together with T-S properties. Interpreting the complex dynamics of physical-biogeochemical coupling from discrete measurements made at isolated stations at sea is a big challenge. The combination of multi-parametric in situ measurements at high resolution with remote sensing and Lagrangian modeling appears as one proper way to address this challenge.

scholarly journals Long-distance particle transport to the central Ionian Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 6377-6392
Author(s):  
Léo Berline ◽  
Andrea Michelangelo Doglioli ◽  
Anne Petrenko ◽  
Stéphanie Barrillon ◽  
Boris Espinasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Lagrangian Modeling ◽  
Sicily Channel

Abstract. Together with T–S properties, particle abundance in situ measurements are useful to discriminate water masses and derive circulation patterns. In the upper layers of the Ionian Sea, the fresher Atlantic Waters (AW) recently crossing the Sicily Channel meet the resident and saltier AW, which circulated cyclonically in the eastern basin and modified after evaporation and eventually cooling. In May 2017, during the PEACETIME cruise, fluorescence and particle abundance sampled at high resolution revealed unexpected heterogeneity in the central Ionian Sea. Surface salinity measurements, together with altimetry-derived and hull-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) currents, describe a zonal pathway of AW entering the Ionian Sea, consistent with the so-called cyclonic mode in the North Ionian Gyre. The ION-Tr transect, located between 19–20∘ E at approximately 36∘ N, turned out to be at the crossroads of three water masses, mostly coming from the west, north and an isolated anticyclonic eddy northeast of ION-Tr. Using Lagrangian numerical simulations, we suggest that the contrast in particle loads along ION-Tr originates from particles transported from these three different water masses. Waters from the west, identified as AW carried by a strong southwestward jet, were moderate in particle load, probably originating from the Sicily Channel. The water mass from the north, carrying abundant particles, probably originated in the northern Ionian Sea, or further away from the south Adriatic Sea. Waters from the eddy, depleted in particles and chl a, may originate from south of the Peloponnese, where the Pelops eddy forms. The central Ionian Sea hence appears as a mosaic area, where waters of contrasted biological history meet. This contrast is particularly clear in spring, when blooming and non-blooming areas co-occur. Interpreting the complex dynamics of physical–biogeochemical coupling from discrete measurements made at isolated stations at sea is a challenge. The combination of multiparametric in situ measurements at high resolution with remote sensing and Lagrangian modeling appears as one adequate way to address this challenge.

Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK: High Resolution Geophysical Surveys in the Surrounding Landscape, 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Darvill ◽  
Friedrich Lüth ◽  
Knut Rassmann ◽  
Andreas Fischer ◽  
Kay Winkelmann
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
First Time ◽  
Southern Section ◽  
Management Issues

An extensive high-resolution geophysical survey covering 2 km2was undertaken to the north of Stonehenge in June and October 2011. The survey is important in providing, for the first time, abundant detail on the form and structure of the Stonehenge Cursus, including the recognition of entrances in both of the long sides. Much additional information about the internal form of round barrows in the Cursus Round Barrow Cemetery, the course of the Avenue, the course of the so-called Gate Ditch, and numerous tracks and early roads crossing the landscape was recorded. A series of previously unrecognized features were identified: a pit-arc or cove below a barrow on the west side of King Barrow Ridge, a square-shaped feature surrounded by pits on the east side of Stonehenge Bottom, and a linear ditch on the same solstical axis, and parallel to, the southern section of the Stonehenge Avenue. An extensive scatter of small metallic anomalies marking the position of camping grounds associated with the Stonehenge Free Festival in the late 1970s and early 1980s raise interesting conservation and management issues.

Galaesus

1947 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
T. J. Dunbabin
Keyword(s):  
George Gissing ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side

In his masterly work on Tarentum, P. Wuilleumier (Tarente, 5) identifies the Galaesus with the Citrezze or Giadrezze, a small stream running into the north side of the Mare Piccolo, about two miles from the channel on the west side of the citadel of Tarentum which connects the Mare Piccolo with the sea. This identification, which has been often repeated since Lenormant's time (La Grande-Grèce, i. 19) and spread beyond the narrow bounds of pure scholarship by the writings of George Gissing (By the Ionian Sea, 60 ff.), Norman Douglas (Old Calabria, 80), and David Randall-Madver (Greek Cities in Italy and Sicily, 76), is likely to hold the field by virtue, of Wuilleumier's support. But it is irreconcilable with the only ancient evidence on the position of this river, given in the account of Hannibal's movements in 212 B.C.

scholarly journals SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE SURFACE SALINITY ALONG THE COAST OF THE SOUTHERN PART OF KALIMANTAN (BORNEO)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Sjarmilah Sjarif
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Java Sea ◽  
Karimata Strait

The westerly current of the Java Sea from the southeast is branched to the north, along the eastcoast of Kalimantan (Borneo) as far as Cape Mangkalihat. This current brings high saline water, over 34.0 ‰, and increases the salinity along the coast of the southern part of Kalimantan, working together with the decreasing rains. In the westmonsoon, when the westward current has retreated and the easterly current from the South China Sea has developed, the northerly current along the eastcoast is replaced by a southerly current, from ,the Pacific. Under influence of the increasing rains and the large outflow of the rivers in the southern part of Kalimantan the salinity decreases rapidly, until a minimum value. This minimum is found irregularly during the diffferent months of the westmonsoon or the succeeding transition period. The lowest values are found in Sukadana Bay (29.0 ‰) and off Bandjarmasin (± 24.0 ‰). The further from this place, the higher the values. The maximum salinity is found during the months September and October in accordance with the minimum rainfall. The highest values are found in the eastern part of the investigated area (34.5 ‰). To the west it is lower, the more it is mixed with the low-saline water of the Java Sea. The salinity in the Karimata Strait is about 33.0 to 33.5 ‰.

Ithaka

Antiquity ◽  
1927 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-411
Author(s):  
Alexander Shewan
Keyword(s):  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The West ◽  
Actual Position ◽  
European Literature ◽  
Samuel Butler ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject

The island of Ithaka in the Ionian Sea has been famous throughout the centuries that have passed since European literature began with Homer. In itself it is small and mountainous, and but a poor spot on which to stage a noble drama, but its association with the far-famed hero of an immortal epic has more than made up for the insignificance of the terrain. In recent years it has achieved further distinction as the subject of a lively, and at times embittered controversy about its actual position on the map. Most scholars are content to believe that by Ithaka Homer meant the island which still bears the name, now modified to Thiaki; others affirm that the scene of the poet's story was really Santa Maura to the north, while others again have given the honour to Cefalonia to the west. Quite recently a German geographer has even proclaimed that ‘Corfu is Ithaka.’ Samuel Butler, in his famous Homeric escapade, convinced himself that Ithaka was to be found in one of the Aegadean Islands off the coast of Sicily. So far, it has not been said of it that it never existed save in the imagination of the poet, but it may yet be the victim of that last infirmity of Homeric geographical speculation.Interest in the island due to certain observations by the ancients was quickened by the visits of travellers-Gell, Dodwell, Leake, Mure and others-in the course of last century. The general aim of their explorations was to test the correctness of the Odyssean descriptions, and this they did with thoroughness. Their fault was that generally they went too far; they expected, and sought to establish, perfect correspondence. The modern expert comments that a poet is a poet; that freedom in his dealings with time and space is only his right; and that trifling discrepancies between the poetry and actuality are not to be regarded as vitiating the whole description and stamping it as purely imaginary. And all that may be conceded. The old explorers were certainly the victims of an excess of zeal. It has even been said that the inhabitants of the island made profit of their eagerness, by inventing names of localities to do duty as the remains of the appellations to be found in the epic.

scholarly journals High resolution paleo-environmental changes during the Sapropel 1 in the North Ionian Sea, central Mediterranean

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1504-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Checa ◽  
Giulia Margaritelli ◽  
Leopoldo D Pena ◽  
Jaime Frigola ◽  
Isabel Cacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
White Variety ◽  
The North ◽  
Geochemical Analyses

High-resolution paleoceanographic reconstruction of surface water properties during the most recent Sapropel event (S1) has been carried out by means of quantitative analyses of planktonic foraminiferal assemblages, planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes (δ18O) and XRF elemental data from a 655 m depth core recovered in the North Ionian Sea. The results show that the S1 interval presents two distinctive warm phases (S1a and S1b), separated by a cold interruption event (S1i). High resolution faunal and geochemical analyses allow to identify two sub-phases within S1a interval, the oldest one has similar characteristics to S1b interval while the youngest sub-phase has less stratified surface waters with relatively lower nutrient content. The high abundance of Globigerinoides ruber white variety opposite to the low percentages of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma during the pre-S1 phase suggests that the onset of surface waters stratification occurred prior to the beginning of Sapropel deposition, acting as a pre-conditioning phase. Paleo-productivity proxies indicate that the deposition of S1 initiated after an increase in nutrient content, potentially related to increased fluvial inputs. Based on the integrated ecological interpretation of our records we argue that S1a and S1b are characterized as warm, stratified and nutrient rich surface waters in the Ionian Sea, while proxies related to oxygen content indicate dysoxic deep waters linked to a combination of the high nutrient content and stratified water column. The S1 interruption phase is characterized by the entrance of colder waters that caused mixing of the stratified water column and re-ventilation of the deep dysoxic waters.

scholarly journals ON THE OCCURRENCE OF UPWELLING IN THE SOUTHERN MAKASSAR STRAIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 3-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Gani Ilahude
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
The West ◽  
Southwest Coast ◽  
Salinity Data ◽  
Java Sea

The possibility of upwelling occuring off the coast of Sulawesi in the Southern Makassar Strait has been discussed by earlier workers (see e.g. Veen 1953, and Wyrtki 1961). Surface salinity data show higher values in June or July along the southwest coast of Sulawesi than the rest area to the west of it. The months June and July coincide with the southeast monsoon in the area. It is believed that the presence of such high salinity could only be due to the process of upwelling. As already mentioned in these works (e.g. by Wyrtki, 1961) during the southeast monsoon, the west-going surface currents coming from the Northern Makassar Strait and the Flores Sea pass the area, and flow into the Java Sea. It is thought that part of the water masses transported by the currents originate from subsurface layer off Makassar coast.

scholarly journals SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE SURFACE SALINITY OFF THE NORTH COAST OF JAVA

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Raden E. Soeriaatmadja
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Annual Range ◽  
The Many ◽  
Mixed Water ◽  
West Monsoon

The division of the region investigated according to P. CH. VEEN is redescribed. The micro salinity titration by means of the method described by G. H. ARNOLD with an accuracy of 0.1 ‰ was used for this investigation. This technique was adopted because of the large number of observations, and was sufficiently accurate since salinity in these waters varies widely. The annual range in salinity is large, caused by a considerable discharge of fresh water from the many big and small rivers, especially in the rainy-season as well as by the inequality of salinity of the oceanwaters coming from the East, and the South China Sea water coming from the West, during the dry and wet-sason respectively. In the east-monsoon, the eastern section is covered with ocean water over 34.0 ‰ and the western section with mixed waters ranging between 31.5 ‰ and 34.0 ‰, while in the west-monsoon, the area is covered with mixed water less than 32.5 ‰.

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

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