Recording sonic booms with the Romanian infrasound arrays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ghica
Keyword(s):  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Sonic Booms ◽  
Supersonic Aircraft ◽  
East Region ◽  
Signal Characteristics ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Element Array ◽  
The Military

<p>Two infrasound stations are currently in operation on the Romanian territory: IPLOR 4-element array of 0.6 km aperture, in the central part, and BURARI 6-element array of 0.7 km aperture, in the northern region.</p><p>Automatic processing of continuous data recorded by the two arrays has revealed many impulsive signals generated by repeating sources confined in certain directions, i.e., sonic booms induced by supersonic aircraft activity. The approximate origins of the infrasound found by cross bearing the detections of IPLOR and BURARI arrays are typically pointed to the military air bases located in Romania and across Europe and Near East region. In some cases, the observed azimuths need to be corrected for the deviating effects of zonal cross-winds as the direction of stratospheric winds changes seasonally.</p><p>The distances to the sources of sonic booms range from 140 km (Romania) to 2200 km (North Sea, Northern Norway, Germany, France, Ukraine-Russia border, Aegean Sea, Turkey etc.). The signal characteristics varies when time and spatial distance increase: from short-spiked to long-pulsed shape, from higher amplitudes (1 Pa) to lower ones (0.01 Pa). In case of short-range propagation, high frequencies (above 1 Hz) predominate, while for long-range propagation, the lower frequency drops below 1 Hz and higher frequency components are attenuated.</p>

Civilian perception of the role of the military in Nigeria’s 2014 Ebola outbreak and health-related responses in the North East region

2021 ◽  
pp. e001696
Author(s):  
Chris M A Kwaja ◽  
D J Olivieri ◽  
S Boland ◽  
P C Henwood ◽  
B Card ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Health Services ◽  
North East ◽  
East Region ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Epidemic Response ◽  
The Military

IntroductionCivilian–military relations play an important yet under-researched role in low-income and middle-income country epidemic response. One crucial component of civilian–military relations is defining the role of the military. This paper evaluates the role of Nigerian military during the 2014–2016 West African Ebola epidemic.MethodsFocus groups and key informant interviews were conducted throughout three states in North East region of Nigeria: Borno, Yobe and Adamawa. Participants were identified through mapping of stakeholder involvement in Nigerian epidemic response. English-translated transcripts of each key informant interview and focus group discussion were then coded and key themes were elucidated and analysed.ResultsMajor themes elucidated include developing inclusive coordination plans between civilian and military entities, facilitating human rights reporting mechanisms and distributing military resources more equitably across geographical catchment areas. The Nigerian Military served numerous functions: 37% (22/59) of respondents indicated ‘security/peace’ as the military’s primary function, while 42% (25/59) cited health services. Variations across geographic settings were also noted: 35% (7/20) of participants in Borno stated the military primarily provided transportation, while 73% (11/15) in Adamawa and 29% (7/24) in Yobe listed health services.ConclusionsRobust civilian–military relations require an appropriately defined role of the military and clear civilian–military communication. Important considerations to contextualise civilian–military relations include military cultural–linguistic understanding, human rights promotion, and community-based needs assessments; such foci can facilitate the military’s understanding of community norms and civilian cooperation with military aims. In turn, more robust civilian–military relations can promote overall epidemic response and reduce the global burden of disease.

scholarly journals Rainfall Returns Periods in Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
East Region ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Water Management Plans ◽  
Dry Seasons

Rainfall date obtained for thirty-two meteorological stations distributed in Iraq to find the rainfall returns period, which contributes in the improvement of water management plans all over Iraq, especially during dry seasons. Mean annual summation of rainfall has a symmetrical increasing pattern from southern west towards northern east, according to the increasing ratio of rainfall in the northern region of Iraq. The northern east region of Iraq has characterized by very abnormal and abnormal events regarding rainfall (P) in term of return periods, while the northern west, middle and southern regions characterize by a normal distribution of rainfall. , Iraq has only two types of weather conditions, according to rainfall returns periods: the humid weather condition located in the northern east part and dry weather condition in the other parts of it.

scholarly journals Morale, Training, Commitment and Safety of Malaysian Army Infantry Officers during Flood Disaster Response Missions

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-165
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Military ◽  
Safety Guidelines

An effective disaster response is crucial to any organizations. When a disaster happens, the response must be fast, coordinated and appropriate so that it will minimize the human and economic cost of disaster. In Malaysia, several states of the Peninsular are frequently affected by flooding during the monsoon season. The military has played a crucial role in disaster management and relief. The Malaysian Army are well trained in terms of combat. However, little is known about their effectiveness in handling disaster operations. The objective of this research is to examine Malaysian Army Infantry Officers’ morale, training, safety and commitment to disaster responses in the context of flood disasters in Malaysia. This research found that training, commitment, morale and safety are the critical factors that influence effective disaster responses in the Malaysian Army. This study’s methodology is descriptive and exploratory, using qualitative methods. Data collection was carried out through conducting interviews and focus groups with Malaysian Army Infantry Officers located in the Central region, Northern region, Southern region and East Coast who have been involved in flood disaster operations for the past three years. Data collected were transcribed, categorized and grouped into themes. This research found that even without specific training in disaster relief, the Malaysian Army Infantry officers are inspired, positive and ever ready to take up the responsibilities given, and that they execute them wholehearted during disaster responses. In addition, in terms of safety, the Malaysian Army has safety guidelines and protocols to protect its soldiers during disaster missions.

The Military Libraries of the Far East in XIX - Early XX Century

2013 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Igor A. Zemlyansky
Keyword(s):  
Educational Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Far East ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
East Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Military

The article is dedicated to the establishment of military libraries in the Far East, which were set up under the military unions, naval posts, fortresses and Cossack forces. The research work deals with the activity of military libraries as state cultural and educational organizations, aimed to satisfy the aspiration of both military and civilians for reading. The most progressive and forward-thinking military officials clearly realized that the successful assimilation of Far East Region of Russia can happen only at the conditions of cultural and educational development based on reading and studying book collections.

Active sonic boom control

1996 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Crow ◽  
Gene G. Bergmeier
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Pressure Field ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Sonic Boom ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Sonic Booms ◽  
Supersonic Aircraft ◽  
Velocity Changes ◽  
Algebraic Term

A theory and simulation code are developed to study non-steady sources as means to control sonic booms of supersonic aircraft. A key result is that the source of sonic boom pressure is not confined to the length of the aircraft but occupies an extensive segment of the flight path. An aircraft in non-steady flight functions as a synthetic aperture antenna, generating complex acoustic waves with no simple relation to instantaneous volume or lift distributions.The theory applies linear acoustics to slender non-steady sources but requires no far-field approximation. The solution for pressure contains a term not seen in Whitham's theory for sonic booms of distant supersonic aircraft. The term describes a pressure field that decays algebraically behind the Mach cone and, in the case of steady flight, integrates to a ground load equal to the weight of the aircraft. The algebraic term is separate from those that describe the sonic boom.Two non-steady source phenomena are evaluated: periodic velocity changes (surge), and periodic longitudinal lift redistribution (slosh). Surge can attenuate a sonic boom and covert it into prolonged weak reverberation, but accelerations needed to produce the phenomenon seem too large for practical use. Slosh may be practical and can alter sonic booms but does not, on average, result in boom attenuation. The conclusion is that active sonic boom abatement is possible in theory but maybe not practical.

scholarly journals Seeking Greek Independence in the Aegean: an Unsuccessful Venture in 1822

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Psarrou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Local History ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
European Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study is to discuss one of the first episodes of the Greek War of Independence that took place in the Aegean Sea in 1822, which ended at the devastation of Chios Island and the defeat of its inhabitants. In this framework the organization of the campaign is examined, the course of the military operations and the final outcome. The importance of the study lies in the fact that it examines the events not in the light of the local history of Chios island but in the broader context of the Greek Revolution and the impact the events had on European public opinion.

scholarly journals The Syrian Crisis and its Impact on Russia Economically and Politically

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-142
Author(s):  
Ali Taha Abdullah Al-Jumaily
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Line ◽  
The United States ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
East Region ◽  
Crisis Events ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
Military Campaign ◽  
The Military ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Middle East Region

Th paper scientifically deals with the Syrian crisis events erupted in 2011 using the historical descriptive and analytical approaches. The importance of the paper comes from the serious crisis that occurred in a region rich of historical crises, and natural resources attracting the attention of the major countries. The paper aims to show the Syrian crisis, its importance to Russia, the United States, and the regional countries, its impact on Russia economically and politically after the intervention, and Russia’s achievements on a global level holding the influential power on international decisions and other global events. The new Russian strategy has proven its worth in preserving its strategic interests as it could help the Syrian regime to defeat the armed groups, and impose its authority over most of the country. As a result of its military intervention, Russia suffered from an increase in its military expenditures reaching (69.2) billion dollars in 2016 compared to 2015 which was (66.4). This shows that the military campaign in Syria has caused a significant increase in spending, and nearly (600,000) of the Russian companies have stopped working. Thus, (13%) of the Russians have fallen below the poverty line. Despite this, Russia has been able to restore its prestigious position in the international scene via influencing the course of political and military events in Syria as well as preserving its regime, which is one of its most prominent allies in the Middle East region.

scholarly journals February 1920 in the Arkhangelsk Gubernia: Chain Reaction of the “Bloodless Revolution” in Arkhangelsk

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
Tatyana I. Troshina ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Original Plan ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

The article analyses the situation in Arkhangelsk when the Armed Forces of the Northern Region were preparing to leave the region, after the majority of the population of the gubernia (via delegates of the Zemstvo-city assembly) had expressed their desire to make peace with Soviet Russia. All garrisons and front-line units received an order to leave warehouses with weapons and food in the hands of local authorities and those of military servicemen who wished to stay; those who wished to leave were to move in an orderly manner towards railway for evacuation. The original plan was violated, since most military units reacted negatively to the order to retreat. Uprising began in order to prevent the departure of the main forces. In these circumstances, the command announced dissolution of the disciplined units, offering them to leave voluntarily for the West (to Murmansk, and from there to Norway). Thus, the servicemen were disorganized and fell prey to the “military revolutionary committees” that were springing up on the ground. The goals of these organizations were to “restore the Soviet power” and to disarm those few volunteer units that did not want to capitulate before the arrival of the Red Army. Military revolutionary committees co-opted most authoritative local figures into their memberships and transformed into “revolutionary committees,” which were to maintain order and to prepare grand welcome for the Red units. Before decisions were made at the command level, fraternization began at the front and later delegations exchange between military units on opposite sides of the front. Scanty and scattered sources, on the basis of which the described events have been reconstructed, show that the role of garrisons in the "change of power" was less significant in the uezd centers located far from the front line. The local community sought to create loyal new government as it had happened several times in 1917 and in 1918: by peacefully transferring their power to the “Soviets of deputies” in a manner similar to the transfer of power to the “Zemstvo bodies” in August 1918. The material of the article and its main conclusions provide an opportunity to take a fresh look at the seemingly well-known events of the Civil War, namely, “the liberation of the Soviet North from the White Guards.”

scholarly journals Dynamics of changes in the structure of mental illnesses among servicemen treated in the hospital of the psychiatric department of the military medical clinical center of the northern region

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Drug Problem ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
The Military

Against the backdrop of growing military conflict, hostilities are the most stressful factor in deteriorating mental health. For 7 years (from 2012 to 2019) a study of data from 3587 inpatients who served in peacetime, participated in hostilities and served during the armistice. The average age of servicemen differed significantly depending on the period of service, was 26.5 years in 2012 and increased to 34.2 years in 2019. In peacetime, diseases predominantly related to neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40-F48), adult personality disorders and behavioral disorders (F60-F69). The drug problem comes to the fore during the fighting in late 2014 and 2015. The total number of patients with drug problems was 46.2% among all hospitalized in 2014 and 2015. During the same period, 24.2% of all hospitalized patients had neurotic stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40-F48). As active hostilities decreased, the number of these disorders increased. In 2019 and amounted to 50.8% of servicemen treated in hospital. In the hospital, we observed an increase in mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances (mainly alcohol, opiates), the number of such patients increased in the overall structure of diseases to 21.5% in 2019. For the first time, a significant amount of data from servicemen was analyzed and the obtained material demonstrates the need to involve narcology specialists in the rehabilitation process.

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