Active Fault Systems in the inner North West Apennines: an updated view

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Molli ◽  
Rick Bennett ◽  
Jacques Malavieille ◽  
Enrico Serpelloni ◽  
Fabrizio Storti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Fault ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Structural Domains ◽  
North West ◽  
Fault Systems ◽  
Internal Fault ◽  
Fault Characterization

<p>As part of an ongoing project of mapping, structural studies and fault characterization we present an updated tectonic scheme and data set for the active fault systems that shaped the inner portion of the Apennines north of the Arno river. Geomorphology, stratigraphy of Plio-Quaternary sediments, GPS data, historical and instrumental seismicity have been reviewed and combined with structural studies to define the neotectonic history of the investigated region. Within the studied area, first-order physiographic and structural features allow to define different structural domains related to a set of ranges with a dominant NW-SE direction separated by intramontane or continental/marine morphotectonic depressions of the Lunigiana, Garfagnana, Lucca-Mt.Albano, La Spezia-Carrara and the off-shore Viareggio basin. The main boundary faults and internal fault segments of the different structural domains were described while the Plio-Quaternary sedimentary records has been used to constrain their long to short term deformation and rates, with the aim to improve current Italian catalogues - DISS (INGV) and Ithaca (ISPRA) - with some utilities for the seismic microzonation local projects. Moreover, our work aims to draw the attention of the scientific community to the seismotectonics of a region in which the seismic hazard is largely considered medium to low despite the occurrence, one century ago, of one of the most destructive earthquakes that have struck the Italian peninsula, the 1920 Fivizzano EQ, with an estimated Mw 6.5 similar to the main shock of the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals The structural biology of the shelterin complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 400 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Biology ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Chromosome Stability ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Structural Domains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shelterin Complex ◽  
Telomere Homeostasis

Abstract The shelterin complex protects telomeric DNA and plays critical roles in maintaining chromosome stability. The structures and functions of the shelterin complex have been extensively explored in the past decades. This review summarizes the current progress on structural studies of shelterin complexes from different species. It focuses on the structural features and assembly of common structural domains, highlighting the evolutionary plasticity and conserved roles of shelterin proteins in telomere homeostasis and protection.

scholarly journals The Role of Faults in Groundwater Circulation before and after Seismic Events: Insights from Tracers, Water Isotopes and Geochemistry

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1499
Author(s):  
Davide Fronzi ◽  
Francesco Mirabella ◽  
Carlo Cardellini ◽  
Stefano Caliro ◽  
Stefano Palpacelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Fault Systems ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Before And After

The interaction between fluids and tectonic structures such as fault systems is a much-discussed issue. Many scientific works are aimed at understanding what the role of fault systems in the displacement of deep fluids is, by investigating the interaction between the upper mantle, the lower crustal portion and the upraising of gasses carried by liquids. Many other scientific works try to explore the interaction between the recharge processes, i.e., precipitation, and the fault zones, aiming to recognize the function of the abovementioned structures and their capability to direct groundwater flow towards preferential drainage areas. Understanding the role of faults in the recharge processes of punctual and linear springs, meant as gaining streams, is a key point in hydrogeology, as it is known that faults can act either as flow barriers or as preferential flow paths. In this work an investigation of a fault system located in the Nera River catchment (Italy), based on geo-structural investigations, tracer tests, geochemical and isotopic recharge modelling, allows to identify the role of the normal fault system before and after the 2016–2017 central Italy seismic sequence (Mmax = 6.5). The outcome was achieved by an integrated approach consisting of a structural geology field work, combined with GIS-based analysis, and of a hydrogeological investigation based on artificial tracer tests and geochemical and isotopic analyses.

scholarly journals An automatically generated high-resolution earthquake catalogue for the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence, including P and S phase arrival times

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Spallarossa ◽  
M Cattaneo ◽  
D Scafidi ◽  
M Michele ◽  
L Chiaraluce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Earthquake Catalogue ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Arrival Times

Summary The 2016–17 central Italy earthquake sequence began with the first mainshock near the town of Amatrice on August 24 (MW 6.0), and was followed by two subsequent large events near Visso on October 26 (MW 5.9) and Norcia on October 30 (MW 6.5), plus a cluster of 4 events with MW > 5.0 within few hours on January 18, 2017. The affected area had been monitored before the sequence started by the permanent Italian National Seismic Network (RSNC), and was enhanced during the sequence by temporary stations deployed by the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology and the British Geological Survey. By the middle of September, there was a dense network of 155 stations, with a mean separation in the epicentral area of 6–10 km, comparable to the most likely earthquake depth range in the region. This network configuration was kept stable for an entire year, producing 2.5 TB of continuous waveform recordings. Here we describe how this data was used to develop a large and comprehensive earthquake catalogue using the Complete Automatic Seismic Processor (CASP) procedure. This procedure detected more than 450,000 events in the year following the first mainshock, and determined their phase arrival times through an advanced picker engine (RSNI-Picker2), producing a set of about 7 million P- and 10 million S-wave arrival times. These were then used to locate the events using a non-linear location (NLL) algorithm, a 1D velocity model calibrated for the area, and station corrections and then to compute their local magnitudes (ML). The procedure was validated by comparison of the derived data for phase picks and earthquake parameters with a handpicked reference catalogue (hereinafter referred to as ‘RefCat’). The automated procedure takes less than 12 hours on an Intel Core-i7 workstation to analyse the primary waveform data and to detect and locate 3000 events on the most seismically active day of the sequence. This proves the concept that the CASP algorithm can provide effectively real-time data for input into daily operational earthquake forecasts, The results show that there have been significant improvements compared to RefCat obtained in the same period using manual phase picks. The number of detected and located events is higher (from 84,401 to 450,000), the magnitude of completeness is lower (from ML 1.4 to 0.6), and also the number of phase picks is greater with an average number of 72 picked arrival for a ML = 1.4 compared with 30 phases for RefCat using manual phase picking. These propagate into formal uncertainties of ± 0.9km in epicentral location and ± 1.5km in depth for the enhanced catalogue for the vast majority of the events. Together, these provide a significant improvement in the resolution of fine structures such as local planar structures and clusters, in particular the identification of shallow events occurring in parts of the crust previously thought to be inactive. The lower completeness magnitude provides a rich data set for development and testing of analysis techniques of seismic sequences evolution, including real-time, operational monitoring of b-value, time-dependent hazard evaluation and aftershock forecasting.

scholarly journals Active Fault Systems in the Inner Northwest Apennines, Italy: A Reappraisal One Century after the 1920 Mw ~6.5 Fivizzano Earthquake

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Molli ◽  
Isabelle Manighetti ◽  
Rick Bennett ◽  
Jacques Malavieille ◽  
Enrico Serpelloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Earthquake Fault ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Fault Systems ◽  
Seismological Data ◽  
Seismogenic Faults

Based on the review of the available stratigraphic, tectonic, morphological, geodetic, and seismological data, along with new structural observations, we present a reappraisal of the potential seismogenic faults and fault systems in the inner northwest Apennines, Italy, which was the site, one century ago, of the devastating Mw ~6.5, 1920 Fivizzano earthquake. Our updated fault catalog provides the fault locations, as well as the description of their architecture, large-scale segmentation, cumulative displacements, evidence for recent to present activity, and long-term slip rates. Our work documents that a dense network of active faults, and thus potential earthquake fault sources, exists in the region. We discuss the seismogenic potential of these faults, and propose a general tectonic scenario that might account for their development.

Integrated geophysical modelling of terranes and other structural features along the western Canadian margin

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1492-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Dehler ◽  
R. M. Clowes
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Barkley Sound ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wrangellia Terrane ◽  
Lower Crustal

An integrated geophysical data set has been used to develop structural models across the continental margin west of Vancouver Island, Canada. A modern accretionary complex underlies the continental slope and shelf and rests against and below the allochthonous Crescent and Pacific Rim terranes. These terranes in turn abut against the pre-Tertiary Wrangellia terrane that constitutes most of the island. Gravity and magnetic anomaly data, constrained by seismic reflection, seismic refraction, and other data, were interpreted to determine the offshore positions of these terranes and related features. Iterative 2.5-dimensional forward models of anomaly profiles were stepped laterally along the margin to extend areal coverage over a 70 km wide swath oriented normal to the tectonic features. An average model was then developed to represent this part of the margin. The Pacific Rim terrane appears to be continuous and close to the coastline along the length of Vancouver Island, consistent with emplacement by strike-slip motion along the margin. The Westcoast fault, the boundary between the Pacific Rim and Wrangellia terranes, is interpreted to be 15 km farther seaward than in previous interpretations in the region of Barkley Sound. The Crescent terrane forms a thin landward-dipping slab along the southern half of the Vancouver Island margin, and cannot be confirmed along the northern part. Model results suggest the slab has buckled into an anticline beneath southern Vancouver Island and Juan de Fuca Strait, uplifting high-density lower crustal or upper mantle material close to the surface to produce the observed intense positive gravity anomaly. This geometry is consistent with emplacement of the Crescent terrane by oblique subduction.

Characterising RDF data sets

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier D Fernández ◽  
Miguel A Martínez-Prieto ◽  
Pablo de la Fuente Redondo ◽  
Claudio Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Data Structures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rdf Data ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Resource Description

The publication of semantic web data, commonly represented in Resource Description Framework (RDF), has experienced outstanding growth over the last few years. Data from all fields of knowledge are shared publicly and interconnected in active initiatives such as Linked Open Data. However, despite the increasing availability of applications managing large-scale RDF information such as RDF stores and reasoning tools, little attention has been given to the structural features emerging in real-world RDF data. Our work addresses this issue by proposing specific metrics to characterise RDF data. We specifically focus on revealing the redundancy of each data set, as well as common structural patterns. We evaluate the proposed metrics on several data sets, which cover a wide range of designs and models. Our findings provide a basis for more efficient RDF data structures, indexes and compressors.

scholarly journals Intra-locked G-quadruplex structures formed by irregular DNA G-rich motifs

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 3315-3327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arijit Maity ◽  
Fernaldo Richtia Winnerdy ◽  
Weili Denyse Chang ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Anh Tuân Phan
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Nmr Structure ◽  
Solution Nmr ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
High Propensity ◽  
G Quadruplex ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract G-rich DNA sequences with tracts of three or more continuous guanines (G≥3) are known to have high propensity to adopt stable G-quadruplex (G4) structures. Bioinformatic analyses suggest high prevalence of G-rich sequences with short G-tracts (G≤2) in the human genome. However, due to limited structural studies, the folding principles of such sequences remain largely unexplored and hence poorly understood. Here, we present the solution NMR structure of a sequence named AT26 consisting of irregularly spaced G2 tracts and two isolated single guanines. The structure is a four-layered G4 featuring two bi-layered blocks, locked between themselves in an unprecedented fashion making it a stable scaffold. In addition to edgewise and propeller-type loops, AT26 also harbors two V-shaped loops: a 2-nt V-shaped loop spanning two G-tetrad layers and a 0-nt V-shaped loop spanning three G-tetrad layers, which are named as VS- and VR-loop respectively, based on their distinct structural features. The intra-lock motif can be a basis for extending the G-tetrad core and a very stable intra-locked G4 can be formed by a sequence with G-tracts of various lengths including several G2 tracts. Findings from this study will aid in understanding the folding of G4 topologies from sequences containing irregularly spaced multiple short G-tracts.

scholarly journals Mortality trends for multiple sclerosis in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gori ◽  
L Kundisova ◽  
D Bezzini ◽  
A Martini ◽  
L Giovannetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
North West ◽  
South Italy ◽  
North East ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting myelinated axons of the central nervous system with enormous socio-economic impact. The aim of this study was to analyze mortality trends for MS in Italy. Methods The mortality data relative to period 1980-2015 were provided by Italian Institute of Statistics, data were aggregated in 5 intervals (1980-1986; 1987-1993; 1994-2000; 2001-2008; 2008-2015). The Age-Standardized mortality Rates (SR) with respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated (using the European standard 2013) in order to evaluate the mortality trends (in confrontation to the initial period) and Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR), in order to confront mortality in 5 major geographic areas: North-East (NE), North-West (NW), Central Italy (CI), South Italy (SI) and Islands (I). Results During the study period 4959 deaths for males and 7433 for females were observed. The SRs were significantly higher for females (0.71;95%CI:0.70-0.73 vs. 0.56; 95%CI:0.54-0.57). Significantly higher SMR were observed for both sexes in I (M:123.3 vs F:112.7), for females also in NE (106.5) and NW (115.8). Significantly lower SMR for both sexes were observed in SI (M:88.8; F:71.4) and for males in CI (90.9). The observed SRs during the five intervals for males were: 0.65(95%CI 0.60-0.69); 0.52 (95%CI 0.49-0.56); 0.46 (95%CI 0.43-0.49); 0.53 (95%CI 0.49-0.56); 0.59 (95%CI 0.56-0.62); and for females: 0.69 (0.65-0.73); 0.69 (0.65-0.73); 0.61 (0.58-0.65); 0.68 (0.65-0.72); 0.81(0.77-0.84); respectively. An initial decrease of SRs was observed for males until 2001-2007 in confrontation to the initial period (p < 0.05). For females significant increase of SRs was observed in 2008-2015 (p < 0.05). Conclusions An increase of mortality for MS, observed for females, especially after 2000 may reflect the raising prevalence of MS in Italy. Important geographical differences were observed for five main areas. Key messages During the study period an increase of mortality for MS was observed for females. Important differences were observed between five main Italian geographic areas.

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