Groundwater dynamics in the Betwa River catchment in Central India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan Naik ◽  
Zafar Beg ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Kumar Gaurav
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Central India ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Groundwater Dynamics ◽  
Freshwater Resource ◽  
Storage Change

<p>Groundwater is an important natural freshwater resource and plays a significant role in the socio-economic development of any country. The Betwa River basin in central India has experienced severe exploitation of groundwater resource in the past few decades. About 80 % of groundwater in this region is extracted for the agriculture purpose. Also, the scarcity in rainfall throughout the year and seasonal flow in the Betwa River has increased the agricultural dependence on the groundwater. This has led the Betwa River basin into a major hot spot of groundwater depletion.</p><p>This study estimates the trend of groundwater level and storage change to assess the groundwater dynamics in the Betwa River basin. We used in-situ groundwater level data for a period between 1987-2018 to calculate the trend in groundwater level using the Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess (STL) method. Further, we performed the Ordinary Kriging to understand the spatial and temporal trends of groundwater during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. Eventually, we use the water table fluctuation (WTF) method to estimate groundwater storage in the study area. Our results suggest a decline in groundwater storage change as 701 and 626 MCM in the post and pre-monsoon period respectively from 2008-2018. During the same period, we observed that the Betwa basin has experienced about 3-5 m decline in the groundwater level.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Getis-Ord Gi* statistics for hydrocarbons content analysis in the Tromjegan river basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Valentina Dobryakova ◽  
Natalya Moskvina ◽  
Andrey Dobryakov ◽  
Lilia Zhegalina ◽  
Ildar Idrisov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Hydrocarbon Pollution ◽  
Average Maximum

The information content and effectiveness of ecological research of the territory can be improved using the methods of multivariate analysis and mapping of the results. The article presents the analysis and mapping results of spatial and temporal trends of hydrocarbon pollution in the Tromjegan river basin for the period 2006–2018 using the tools of ArcGIS Pro. The informational and basic research is the data of local environmental monitoring of licensed blocks of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Ugra. Pollution analysis was carried out on the basis of a detailed study of the geography of the source data using statistical calculations (minimum, average, maximum distances between sampling points, Getis-Ord Gi* index). Thematic maps were constructed using data averaged over the year. The spatial and temporal dynamics of hydrocarbons concentration in surface waters for 2006–2018 is analyzed using the “Hot Spot Analysis” tool. A temporary cluster section of hydrocarbons average annual concentration according to the Getis-Ord Gi* indicator allowed us to identify trends in the dynamics of indicators. Maps of hydrocarbons average annual concentration were compiled and the results of a spatial-temporal analysis of hydrocarbons average annual concentration in surface waters were presented. The identification of patterns in large arrays of long-term data and the consideration of the spatial component are necessary elements of modern environmental research. Analysis of the time series of average annual concentrations in the Tromjegan river basin showed a clear trend in the dynamics of hydrocarbon pollution. The findings can be the basis for making managerial decisions in the environmental monitoring of licensed blocks of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Ugra.

scholarly journals Emerging hot Spot Analysis and the Spatial-temporal Trends of NDVI in the Jing River Basin of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Xu ◽  
Bin Qi ◽  
Kai Ji ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Lin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract As an important indicator of vegetation coverage, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) reflects the changing pattern and evolving trend of the environment. In the Loess Plateau, vegetation plays a critical role in soil and water conservation, which strongly affects the achievement of sustainable development goals. The study of the spatial distribution and temporal trends of NDVI is of great practical importance for the planning of soil and water conservation measures, the evaluation of environmental situation. In this study, the NDVI, precipitation and land cover data of the Jing River Basin were collected, the emerging hot spot and cold spot patterns of NDVI were examined, the characteristics of spatial distribution and temporal variation of the NDVI in the basin were analyzed, the impacts on NDVI changes from climate, land cover change have been discussed. The results show that the NDVI in Jing River Basin shows a spatial trend of decreasing from northwest to southeast. The emerging hot spot analysis results show that diminishing cold spot, oscillating hot spot, intensifying hot spot are predominant patterns in the basin. The whole basin shows the statistically significant upward trend of high-value aggregation of NDVI. The temporal trend of NDVI in the basin varies from-0.0171 to 0.0185 per year. The increasing trend of vegetation coverage in the basin is statistically significant. The positive correlation between the NDVI and the precipitation mainly observed upstream of the basin, revealing that the growth of vegetation in the Loess Plateau is more dependent on the water supply from the precipitation. Land cover transition patterns and the land use patterns also impact the spatial-temporal trends of the vegetation coverage in the basin. The study results may helpful for the vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation and sustainable development of the Jing River Basin.

scholarly journals Improving the Accuracy of Groundwater Storage Estimates Based on Groundwater Weighted Fusion Model

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Kai Su ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Wenjie Yin ◽  
Litang Hu ◽  
Yifan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Weighted Fusion ◽  
Grace Data

It is an effective measure to estimate groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA) by combining Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data and hydrological models. However, GWSA results based on a single hydrological model and GRACE data may have greater uncertainties, and it is difficult to verify in some regions where in situ groundwater-level measurements are limited. First, to solve this problem, a groundwater weighted fusion model (GWFM) is presented, based on the extended triple collocation (ETC) method. Second, the Shiyang River Basin (SYRB) is taken as an example, and in situ groundwater-level measurements are used to evaluate the performance of the GWFM. The comparison indicates that the correlation coefficient (CC) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) are increased by 9–40% and 23–657%, respectively, relative to the original results. Moreover, the root mean squared error (RMSE) is reduced by 9–28%, which verifies the superiority of the GWFM. Third, the spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of GWSA in the Hexi Corridor (HC) are comprehensively analyzed during the period between 2003 and 2016. The results show that GWSA decline, with a trend of −2.37 ± 0.38 mm/yr from 2003 to 2010, and the downward trend after 2011 (−0.46 ± 1.35 mm/yr) slow down significantly compared to 2003–2010. The spatial distribution obtained by the GWFM is more reliable compared to the arithmetic average results, and GWFM-based GWSA fully retain the advantages of different models, especially in the southeastern part of the SYRB. Additionally, a simple index is used to evaluate the contributions of climatic factors and human factors to groundwater storage (GWS) in the HC and its different subregions. The index indicates that climate factors occupy a dominant position in the SLRB and SYRB, while human factors have a significant impact on GWS in the Heihe River Basin (HRB). This study can provide suggestions for the management and assessments of groundwater resources in some arid regions.

scholarly journals Improved Understanding of Groundwater Storage Changes under the Influence of River Basin Governance in Northwestern China Using GRACE Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2672
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Litang Hu ◽  
Kangning Sun ◽  
Zhengqiu Yang ◽  
Jianchong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Grace Data

Groundwater is crucial for economic development in arid and semiarid areas. The Shiyang River Basin (SRB) has the most prominent water use issues in northwestern China, and overexploited groundwater resources have led to continuous groundwater-level decline. The key governance planning project of the SRB was issued in 2007. This paper synthetically combines remote-sensing data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data and precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, land use, and in situ groundwater-level data to evaluate groundwater storage variations on a regional scale. Terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) and groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA), in addition to their influencing factors in the SRB since the implementation of the key governance project, are analyzed in order to evaluate the effect of governance. The results show that GRACE-derived GWS variations are consistent with in situ observation data in the basin, with a correlation coefficient of 0.68. The GWS in the SRB had a slow downward trend from 2003 to 2016, and this increased by 0.38 billion m³/year after 2018. As the meteorological data did not change significantly, the changes in water storage are mainly caused by human activities, which are estimated by using the principle of water balance. The decline in GWS in the middle and lower reaches of the SRB has been curbed since 2009 and has gradually rebounded since 2014. GWS decreased by 2.2 mm EWH (equivalent water height) from 2011 to 2016, which was 91% lower than that from 2007 to 2010. The cropland area in the middle and lower reaches of the SRB also stopped increasing after 2011 and gradually decreased after 2014, while the area of natural vegetation gradually increased, indicating that the groundwater level and associated ecology significantly recovered after the implementation of the project.

Long-term groundwater database and assessment for the Mediterranean region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Chavez Garcia Silva ◽  
Robert Reinecke ◽  
Emmanouil Varouchakis ◽  
Jaime Gómez-Hernández ◽  
Michael Rode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Groundwater Dynamics ◽  
The Mediterranean

<p>The Mediterranean region faces water security challenges with increasing water demand and climate change effects. Groundwater has become a key resource for water supply and economic development in the last decades, however, its budget remains poorly understood. The distribution of piezometric data in the Mediterranean has a very contrasting distribution. A large portion of them is not centralized and openly accessible, resulting in lack of detailed assessment of groundwater trends and their controlling factors at the regional Mediterranean scale. The objectives of this work are: i) the creation of a long-term and, possibly, the most comprehensive database for groundwater dynamics in the Mediterranean region, ii) the identification of trends and clusters on groundwater levels, and iii) the identification of the relationship between trends and climatic and hydrogeological drivers.</p><p>Over 10,000 time series of groundwater level have been collected from national and regional authorities and the literature. The data come from eight countries in the Mediterranean region and have been post-processed into a common format. A search for seasonal patterns and long-term trends is performed then clustered accordingly. Furthermore, the influence of controlling factors such as precipitation and hydrogeology on the groundwater dynamics and trends are assessed. Significant groundwater level changes have been identified at a regional scale and used to provide insight into groundwater level change drivers’ in the Mediterranean region. The database is the result of a unique joint effort between regional groundwater experts to collect groundwater status information in the Mediterranean region and will serve as the foundation for future research on the influence of anthropogenic drivers and the prediction of groundwater depletion hotspots.</p><p>This work was developed under the scope of the InTheMED project. InTheMED is part of the PRIMA programme supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 1923.</p>

Groundwater storage change in the Jinsha River basin from GRACE, hydrologic models, and in situ data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nengfang Chao
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Storage Change

<p>Groundwater plays a major role in the hydrological processes driven by climate change and human activities, particularly in upper mountainous basins. The Jinsha River Basin (JRB) is the uppermost region of the Yangtze River and the largest hydropower production region in China. With the construction of artificial cascade reservoirs increasing in this region, the annual and seasonal flows are changing and affecting the water cycles. Here, we first infer the groundwater storage changes (GWSC), accounting for sediment transport in JRB, by combining the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, hydrologic models and in situ data. The results indicate: (1) the average estimation of the GWSC trend, accounting for sediment transport in JRB, is 0.76±0.10 cm/year during the period 2003–2015, and the contribution of sediment transport accounts for 15%; (2) precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), soil moisture change (SMC), GWSC and land water storage changes (LWSC) show clear seasonal cycles; the interannual trends of LWSC and GWSC increase, but P, runoff (R), surface water storage change (SWSC) and SMC decrease, and ET remains basically unchanged; (3) the main contributor to the increase in LWSC in JRB is GWSC, and the increased GWSC may be dominated by human activities, such as cascade damming, and climate variations (such as snow and glacier melt due to increased temperatures). This study can provide valuable information regarding JRB in China for understanding GWSC patterns and exploring their implications for regional water management.</p>

Groundwater Storage Change in the Jinsha River Basin from GRACE, Hydrologic Models, and In Situ Data

Ground Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nengfang Chao ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Longwei Xiang ◽  
Zhengtao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Storage Change

Groundwater storage change across the Indo-Gangetic basin

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabin Archambault
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
British Geological Survey ◽  
Full List ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Storage Change ◽  
Groundwater Level Change

This 1 km resolution grid shows the estimated mean annual groundwater storage change (in cm) across the aquifer based on annual groundwater-level change and specific yield. Methodology and a full list of data sources used can be found in the peer-reviewed paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2791.epdf?author_access_token=_2Z_fJZxRkSVmgVJ7xHTVdRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0O07GfIlzqIVm44UgFPb1r62_FUJLao4zkJSzYpv-4gIWJorRXEpgh4iarB8vlRNY_tGV_18CAf2j-_GnADYbdp The raster and a high resolution PDF file are available for download on the website of British Geological Survey (BGS): http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/SEAsiaGroundwater/mapsDownload.html Abstraction Groundwater Storage

A Strong Linkage between Seasonal Crop Growth and Groundwater Storage Variability in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Akarsh Asoka ◽  
Vimal Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Central India ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
North India ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Deep Aquifers ◽  
Grace Satellites

AbstractGroundwater is rapidly depleting in India primarily because of pumping for irrigation. However, the crucial role of crop growth at annual and seasonal time scales in groundwater storage variability remains mostly unexplored. Using the data from the Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites and well observations, we show that crop growth is negatively correlated with groundwater storage at annual and seasonal time scales in north India. Precipitation is positively associated with groundwater storage variability at the yearly time scale in north-central India (NCI) and south India (SI). In contrast, precipitation is negatively correlated with groundwater storage from the GRACE satellites in northwest India (NWI). The negative correlation between precipitation and groundwater from the GRACE in NWI is primarily due to groundwater depletion due to anthropogenic pumping from deep aquifers. Precipitation and groundwater storage from the well observations are positively correlated in all the three regions, indicating the influence of precipitation on shallow aquifers. Analysis of the two main crop growing seasons (Rabi and Kharif) showed that crop growth is negatively related to groundwater storage in both Kharif (June–September) and Rabi seasons in north India (NWI and NCI). Groundwater contributes more than precipitation in NCI during the Kharif season and in NWI and SI during the Rabi season. Granger’s causality test showed that groundwater is a significant contributor to crop growth in NWI and NCI in both Kharif and Rabi seasons. Our results highlight the need for agricultural water management in both the crop growing seasons in north India for reducing the rapid groundwater depletion.

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