Seasonal variations in surface water groundwater interaction alter the relation of solute transport and biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara-Maria Schmitgen ◽  
Tobias Schuetz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Exchange Flux

<p>The hyporheic interstitial as interface between surface water and groundwater offers a unique environment for contaminant attenuation and nutrient cycling, with steep chemical gradients and high retention times. Disentangling the effect of seasonal dynamics in exchange flux intensities and directions, we carried out 19 measurement campaigns where we sampled the continuum surface water - hyporheic zone - groundwater and the climatic and hydraulic boundary conditions of a whole year. Groundwater, surface water and hyporheic zone pore water from four depths were sampled at two vertical profiles in a second order stream about 150 m downstream a municipal waste water treatment plant effluent. Samples were analyzed for physical water parameters, major anions, ammonium, iron, manganese, NPOC and five selected pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, carbamazepine, caffeine, ethinylestradiol and clofibric acid). Surface water and groundwater levels as well as river discharge were measured to quantify the hydraulic boundary conditions. In addition, three vertical profiles, each equipped with five newly developed probes (Truebner AG) allowed a parallel monitoring of continuous bulk water temperatures and bulk electrical conductivity dynamics over two years. Furthermore, continuous hyporheic exchange flux intensities and exchange depths were calculated using analytical and numerical model schemes to allow distinguishing between small scale transport and attenuation processes.</p><p>The typical behavior of the redox sensitive metals and nutrients with depth is visible in each single profile snapshot. The picture is not as clear for the examined pharmaceuticals, because dilution has a major effect on the observable low concentrations. However, a clear seasonal variation driven by hydraulic and climatic processes can be observed for all substances. We were able to trace the organic pollutants down to the groundwater. Furthermore, the influence of hyporheic exchange flux intensities and directions on nutrient and contaminant depth profiles is shown.</p>

scholarly journals Insight into the influence of local streambed heterogeneity on hyporheic-zone flow characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 2697-2712
Author(s):  
Robert Earon ◽  
Joakim Riml ◽  
Liwen Wu ◽  
Bo Olofsson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Hyporheic Flow ◽  
Exchange Processes

AbstractInteraction between surface water and groundwater plays a fundamental role in influencing aquatic chemistry, where hyporheic exchange processes, distribution of flow paths and residence times within the hyporheic zone will influence the transport of mass and energy in the surface-water/groundwater system. Geomorphological conditions greatly influence hyporheic exchange, and heterogeneities such as rocks and clay lenses will be a key factor for delineating the hyporheic zone. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) were used to investigate the streambed along a 6.3-m-long reach in order to characterise geological layering and distinct features which may influence parameters such as hydraulic conductivity. Time-lapse ERT measurements taken during a tracer injection demonstrated that geological features at the meter-scale played a determining role for the hyporheic flow field. The penetration depth of the tracer into the streambed sediment displayed a variable spatial pattern in areas where the presence of highly resistive anomalies was detected. In areas with more homogeneous sediments, the penetration depth was much more uniformly distributed than observed in more heterogeneous sections, demonstrating that ERT can play a vital role in identifying critical hydraulic features that may influence hyporheic exchange processes. Reciprocal ERT measurements linked variability and thus uncertainty in the modelled resistivity to the spatial locations, which also demonstrated larger variability in the tracer penetration depth, likely due to local heterogeneity in the hydraulic conductivity field.

scholarly journals Assessment of the effects of wastewater treatment plant effluents on receiving streams using oligochaete communities of the porous matrix

2019 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Régis Vivien ◽  
Michel Lafont ◽  
Inge Werner ◽  
Mélanie Laluc ◽  
Benoit J.D. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
Biological Quality ◽  
Coarse Surface

Human activities can disturb the natural dynamics of exchanges between surface water and groundwater in rivers. Such exchanges contribute to the self-purification of the environment and an excess of infiltration can lead to contamination of groundwater. In addition, the porous matrix (coarse surface sediments and hyporheic zone), through which water exchanges occur, is a sink for pollutants. For environmental monitoring programs, it is therefore essential to take into account both the dynamics of vertical hydrological exchanges and the biological quality of this matrix. The functional trait (FTR) method, which is based on the study of oligochaete communities in coarse surface sediments and the hyporheic zone, was proposed as a tool to simultaneously assess the dynamics of vertical hydrological exchanges and the effects of pollutants present in the porous matrix. Here, we applied this method during two different periods (in March and September 2016), upstream and downstream of locations affected by discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) located in Switzerland. The biological quality of surface sediments and the hyporheic zone was shown to be better upstream of the WWTP in both campaigns. In addition, results suggested that the capacity for self-purification was lower downstream of the WWTP, and that groundwater at these locations was vulnerable to pollution by surface water. The FTR method proved valuable as a field method for detecting the effects of point source contamination on receiving streams. In the near future, this community-based approach will benefit from advances in the use of DNA barcodes for oligochaete species identification.

Sensitivity Analysis of Hyporheic Exchange to Small Scale Changes In Gravel-Sand Flumebed Using A Coupled Groundwater-Surface Water Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdullah Al Mehedi ◽  
Nora Reichert ◽  
Frank Molkenthin
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flume Experiments

<p>Distribution of the hyporheic streamlines and residence time (HRT) is a crucial factor under streambed to understand the transport phenomena of environmental toxins, sediment metabolic rates in fluvial ecology as well as hydrological water budget. To quantify HRT, both the laboratory and numerical approach could serve as discerning tools. However, due to high heterogeneity in natural streambed sediment and topography, an efficient numerical model setup can prove to be pragmatic in comparison to tedious laboratory experiments for tracing streamlines. Moreover, repeatability of results, high amount of variation in the laboratory flumebed setup, greater insight into the 3D flow system and investigation possibilities with regard to individual streamlines or particular areas of HRT distribution cannot be well executed in laboratory. On the other hand, an automated generation of hyporheic streamlines with a range of various flumebed setups could propel a better understanding of the process and behavior of hyporheic streamlines and HRT distribution. Therefore, a robust numerical method could bestow to trace a large number of particles from various seeding locations at the flumebed. All of these facts enforce the necessity of numerical modeling of flume experiments to perceive the hyporheic exchange mechanisms at fieldwork and research, which are difficult to segregate under natural in-stream conditions. Keeping these issues in mind, we developed an automated numerical  method for quantifying the hyporheic exchange, where the surface water modeling software, HEC-RAS 5.0.5 and the subsurface flow and reactive transport code, MIN3P are coupled. A channel segment with a longitudinal dimension of 1 m and water surface elevation of 0.02 m is used for generating the hydraulic head distribution over the flumebed. A groundwater model domain of the dimensions of x:y:z = 1m:0.1m:0.1m is considered for the investigation of hyporheic exchange. A simple code for computing streamlines based on 4th order Runge-Kutta technique with the adaptive time integration method is developed using Matlab. Sensitivity analysis of streamline distribution and HRT to small scale changes (e.g. changes in dimension, distribution, and shape of the flumebed material) was performed, assuming a sand-gravel material mix. Various geometric shapes of gravel pieces (e.g. triangle, rectangle, trapezoid, and sphere) were used to vary the elevation of flumebed on a 1 mm scale. The results of the automated process show that the size, shape and distribution of trapezoidal gravel and sand portion in the streambed have a significant impact over hyporheic streamlines and HRT. High number and length of streamlines thus high HRT are found in case of the higher length of ridges created by the elevated portion of gravel pieces. In case of the increase of the length of gravel pieces along the longitudinal direction of flumebed, the length of streamlines and HRT decrease whereas the number of streamlines increase. Small scale hyporheic exchanges are found in case of increasing length of gravel pieces. Similar outcomes are also found for triangular and spherical gravel pieces. Both the number and length of streamlines are significantly reduced in case of the high number of gravel and sand portion on the streambed.</p>

Identifying flow transience in the hyporheic zone by Electric Resistivity Tomography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Riml ◽  
Liwen Wu ◽  
Robert Earon ◽  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Theresa Blume
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Flood Hydrograph

<p>The importance of hydrological interactions between groundwater and surface waters and the consequential transport of mass and energy across the streambed – water interface has gained significant research attention lately. In this phenomenological study we investigated the transient nature of hyporheic exchange as a response to flood events by performing a stream manipulation experiment in a small boreal stream within the Krycklan catchment, Sweden. The stream flow was manipulated in order to create a flood event and investigate the responding dynamically changing spatial extent of the hyporheic zone. The artificial flood caused an approximately 5-fold increase in stream discharge.</p><p>The experimental set-up consisted of both geophysical and hydrological methods, including time-lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) along the thalweg of a 6.3 m long stream section, with a 0.1 m longitudinal spacing of the electrodes. A constant stream water electric conductivity (EC) was obtained throughout the experiment by using a variable rate tracer injection of chloride. Additional measurements of background EC in the streambed sediments as well as streambed topography (from a total station) and subsurface structures (from Ground Penetrating Radar) were used to support the results from the ERT.</p><p>With combined experimental and numerical modeling approaches, the hyporheic response to transient hydrologic boundary conditions and small scale streambed heterogeneities were investigated. Results indicated that a quick response of the hyporheic zone to the changing pressure distribution on the streambed was strongly controlled by the shape of the flood hydrograph. Moreover, the response resulted in an alteration of the hyporheic flowpaths, which increased the hyporheic zone depth and contributed to a dynamically-changing residence time distribution within the hyporheic zone. This alteration was further complicated by the local streambed heterogeneities. The observed substantial variabilities in the hyporheic fluxes over the time span of a flood hydrograph and longitudinally over the measured stream section has direct consequences on the biogeochemical and hydro-ecological functioning of the hyporheic zone, which would be inadequately estimated using homogenous, steady-state approaches.</p>

Interactions of Sewerage and Waste-Water Treatment: Practical Examples in The Netherlands

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. J. M. van der Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Small Scale

Various interactions of sewerage and waste-water treatment are discussed for the typical situation in the Netherlands. Sewerage and waste-water treatment are no longer necessary when each house has its own integrated waste-water system; however, costs seem to be high. The same applies for small-scale waste-water treatment versus centralisation. However, centralized waste-water treatment plants suffer from specific problems due to high fluctuations, not only in hydraulic but also in biological load. With stringent effluent standards the need increases for complete treatment instead of by-passing the peak flows. Besides, the application of buffering tanks may change in favour of an increase in the hydraulic capacity of the waste-water treatment plant. Finally, a new, integrated, attitude on water-cycle problems must be advocated.

Dynamic boundary conditions control the spatial and temporal variations of nutrient turnover in human impacted surface waters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Schuetz ◽  
Anna Kurm ◽  
Till Gößges ◽  
Marion Groß ◽  
Selina Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Ambient Conditions

<p>The temporal dynamics of nutrient cycles and the remineralization of micropollutants in given stream or river sections are driven by a complex interplay of hydraulic, climatic and ecological processes which are difficult to quantify and to predict. Typically, we use either e.g. water levels or velocity, radiation input, oxygen availability, water and air temperatures, hyporheic exchange or the activity of auto- and heterotroph organisms alone or in combination to explain observed rates of substance cycling. To improve the predictability of occurring nutrient cycles and biomass growth we selected seven river reaches (1.5 -3.3 km) throughout the Mosel-region in western Germany which are located down stream of sewage water treatment plant effluents. Over a time span of four months we carried out about 10 longitudinal snapshot sampling campaigns at each of the river sections. We sampled for nutrients (C, N, P) and selected pharmaceutical products as well as the hydraulic and climatic and boundary conditions. Additionally, at one of the river sites we observed along the river reach weekly microbial biofilm growth rates, microbial biodiversity (DNA), macrozoobenthos biodiversity in the dominating streambed substrates as well as weekly samples of C, N, P in the sediment.</p><p>The results show clearly how the interplay between hydraulic and climatic boundary conditions controls ongoing nutrient cycles and process rates; e. g. the spatial (downstream) extent of measurable surplus C, N, and P varies clearly over time as well as between the substances (P > C > N). Restricted by hydraulic boundary conditions, biomass production and a reduced (function specific) biodiversity of microbial biofilms coincide either with high nutrient surplus or with exposition to solar radiation. Favorable ambient conditions (lower water levels and higher energy availabilty) are dominant drivers for observable removal of pharmaceutical products rather than nutrient availability. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of the local settings (cross section, shading) in combination with season and hydraulic loadings at given river sections for occurring process rates in nutrient cycles and biomass growth.</p>

scholarly journals Application of GIS and AHP Technologies to Support of Selecting a Suitable Site for Wastewater Sewage Plant in Al Kufa City

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab dekan Abbasl ◽  
Osama Jassima
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Suitable Site ◽  
The City

Sewage water treatment before disposing of it in surface water is one of the most important steps in reducing pollution in these waters, which requires a high-capacity treatment plant for this purpose. Al Kufa city is one of the important cities in Iraq. The city faced a rapid growth of population. This situation creates big environmental complications and hazards. One of the biggest pollution issues in the city is the lack of modern and efficient Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). The aim of this study is to find a suitable site for wastewater plant in Al Kufa city using remote sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) modern technologies. There are eight parameters considered in the analysis consists of residential area, sewage areas, roads, a slope of the ground, surface water (river), green areas, historical, and land use. In addition to that, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to apply the weights for each criterion and sub-criterion, to get the best result and find the ideal site. At the first place, about thirty-eight sites have been identified as suitable sites for wastewater plant throughout the study area which represented through a red region color in a satellite image with its' coordinate table. The best location will be chosen according to the required land area on which the project is to be built from thirty-eight locations. However, a complementary field study is critical to manifest the obtained results T with specialized engineers to find the most effective site for WWTP between these sites.                                          

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