Using a socio-hydrology stance to address the paradox between global decarbonisation, lithium fever, and sustainability in the Atacama Salt Deposit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Canales ◽  
Juan Castilla-Rho ◽  
Sebastian Vicuña ◽  
James Ball ◽  
Tatiana Filatova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Salt Flat ◽  
The World ◽  
Hydrological System

<p>Climate-warming greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by replacing petroleum-driven vehicles with electric vehicles powered by rechargeable lithium batteries. By 2025, 45% of the world’s Lithium will be sourced from water-intensive mining operations adjacent to fragile eco-hydrological systems in the Atacama Desert, the world’s driest desert. In the remote Atacama salt flat basin, home to one of the world’s richest deposits of high-grade lithium, brines are being mined from aquifers, with potential impacts on the long-term environmental, ecological, economic, and social viability of the system. Stakeholders (scientists, communities, and decision-makers) are currently entrenched in adversarial relationships and top-down policy-making and implementation.</p><p>A socio-hydrology stance considering telecoupled systems of people and water is essential to address the paradox between the quest for global decarbonisation and unsustainable use of water resources in the Atacama region. The inclusion of social drivers (beliefs, biases, values, and heuristics), however, adds complexity to the analysis. To address this complexity, novel methodologies such as participatory modeling (PM) and agent-based modeling (ABM) can be implemented. The former can enrich the system with specialist and local knowledge, increase the perceived utility of models, their credibility through transparent communication of the limitations and uncertainties, and the adoption and acceptance of the model results, which ultimately guide public policy. The latter seeks to represent explicitly the complexity and heterogeneity in these telecoupled systems.</p><p>The socio-hydrological problem at the Atacama salt flat is conceptualized using the Fuzzy-Logic Cognitive Mapping methodology through participatory workshops, involving scientists, regulators, and government officials. An ABM is then coupled to an integrated and regional groundwater-surface water model to better understand the impacts of management scenarios and social interactions, and their feedbacks on the eco-hydrological system. Ultimately, the aim of this research is to take a socio-hydrology stance to analyze a wicked problem with social, environmental, and economic implications at the local and global scales, and in doing so, expand fundamental knowledge of socio-hydrology.</p>

scholarly journals The extractive infrastructures of contact tracing apps

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9.1-9.9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriyam Aouragh ◽  
Seda Gürses ◽  
Helen Pritchard ◽  
Femke Snelting
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Global South ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Technological Application ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
The World

The COVID-19 pandemic will go down in history as a major crisis, with calls for debt moratoriums that are expected to have gruesome effects in the Global South. Another tale of this crisis that would come to dominate COVID-19 news across the world was a new technological application: the contact tracing apps. In this article, we argue that both accounts ‐ economic implications for the Global South and the ideology of techno-solutionism ‐ are closely related. We map the phenomenon of the tracing app onto past and present wealth accumulations. To understand these exploitative realities, we focus on the implications of contact tracing apps and their relation with extractive technologies as we build on the notion racial capitalism. By presenting themselves in isolation of capitalism and extractivism, contact tracing apps hide raw realities, concealing the supply chains that allow the production of these technologies and the exploitative conditions of labour that make their computational magic manifest itself. As a result of this artificial separation, the technological solutionism of contract tracing apps is ultimately presented as a moral choice between life and death. We regard our work as requiring continuous undoing ‐ a necessary but unfinished formal dismantling of colonial structures through decolonial resistance.

Planetary Ambitions

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Joshua Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Hegemonic Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
Free Market Capitalism ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Fredric Jameson ◽  
Market Capitalism

This chapter reads Lydie Salvayre's Portrait de l’écrivain en animal domestique (2007). In this novel, Salvayre’s anxieties about allowing oneself—and even herself as author—to be domesticated by the logic of global capitalism are condensed into the pathological relationship between her narrator avatar (who incarnates politically-engaged literature) and the satirical Jim Tobold, the richest man on the planet and ‘uncontested champion of globalization’—a character who, incidentally, bears more than a passing resemblance to Donald Trump. Tobold sees the world at the level of the master, corporate map, from which he can make boardroom decisions in perfect disregard for their harmful, ground-level side effects. This chapter revisits and further explores Bruno Latour on cartographic megalomania, and draws on Fredric Jameson on cognitive mapping, and David Harvey on the self-defeating contradictions of the infinite expansion paradigm of capitalism in a world of increasingly finite resources. Moreover, it develops the Salvaryean notion of the paralipomenon, offering a new perspective on Salvayre’s underlying (engaged) literary strategy, one that, by focusing on the seemingly insignificant details of a hegemonic discourse—such as that of free-market capitalism—reveals its inherent contradictions and flaws.

The Societal Impact of World Wide Web - Key Challenges for the 21st Century

2011 ◽  
pp. 88-106
Author(s):  
Janice M. Burn ◽  
Karen D. Loch
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Definite Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Way

Many lessons from history offer strong evidence that technology can have a definite effect on the social and political aspects of human life. At times it is difficult to grasp how supposedly neutral technology might lead to social upheavals, mass migrations of people, and shifts in wealth and power. Yet a quick retrospective look at the last few centuries finds that various technologies have done just that, challenging the notion of the neutrality of technology. Some examples include the printing press, railways, and the telephone. The effects of these technologies usually begin in our minds by changing the way we view time and space. Railways made the world seem smaller by enabling us to send goods, people, and information to many parts of the world in a fraction of the time it took before. Telephones changed the way we think about both time and distance, enabling us to stay connected without needing to be physically displaced. While new technologies create new opportunities for certain individuals or groups to gain wealth, there are other economic implications with a wider ranging impact, political and social. Eventually, as the technology matures, social upheavals, mass migrations and shifts in economic and political power can be observed. We find concrete examples of this dynamic phenomenon during the Reformation, the industrial revolution, and more recently, as we witness the ongoing information technology revolution.

An Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic Industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 121-122 ◽  
pp. 756-759
Author(s):  
Tao Ye
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
The World

The development of photovoltaic industry can produce great socio-economic implications in terms of induced production and job creation. The world photovoltaic market has been growing and will be strongly influenced by photovoltaic costs and available technologies.. The overall cost to implement a facility for module production having a capacity per year that may be regarded as the minimum profitable size for module production in China is considered. An input–output analysis is used for assessing the relative economic impact on production and employment. A sensitivity analysis shows that the results are reasonably robust.

The Wicked Problem of Scholarly Impact

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Behrend ◽  
Richard Landers
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Scholarly Activity ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scholarly Impact ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Academics sometimes forget that the purpose of a university is to educate: our students, our local communities, each other, and the world. Although each university is unique in its constituency, all share the charge to generate knowledge for the protection and benefit of the public good. The goal of an academic should be to beneficially impact society, broadly defined, with scholarly activity. As editor and columnist for The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, one publication highlighted by the focal article, we applaud the efforts of Aguinis et al. (2017) to put forth alternative approaches to defining impact. Like them, we are concerned that many of the measures of “impact” we currently use do not capture this charge.

Discordia Concors. Immersion and Artifice in the Lyric

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Zettelmann
Keyword(s):  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Formal Equivalence ◽  
Conceptual Innovation ◽  
The World ◽  
Possible Worlds Theory ◽  
Sound Patterns ◽  
Marked Tendency

AbstractDescriptions of the lyric have been stressing its artificial, self-referential character, constructing it as an intrinsically a-temporal, non-kinetic, non-mimetic and anti-illusionist mode. While the lyric certainly derives much of its effect from its horizontally superimposed patterns of formal equivalence, our pleasure as readers does not solely derive from the physical re-enactment of a poem’s sound patterns or the cognitive appreciation of its formal mastery. Many lyric texts are immersive; they project a fictional universe and prompt readers to emulate a speaker’s strongly perspectivized vision and subjective vantage point. This paper examines the lyric’s world building potential. It investigates the conditioning factors and referential components of lyric illusion, reviewing in particular the genre’s alleged inability to produce narrative sequence, embodiment and experientiality (Fludernik). Conceiving of the lyric speaker as an innovative cognitive blend (Turner/Fauconnier) provides a possible alternative to biographical constructions of the lyric self. Possible worlds theory (Ryan) is used as a way to approach the genre’s marked tendency towards cognitive mapping and conceptual innovation, towards foregrounding the human endeavour of mentally grasping and representing the world.

scholarly journals Preservation of the Shor Language of the Small People of Kuzbass as a Component of Russian Coal Cluster Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 03027
Author(s):  
Olga Dubrovskaya ◽  
Evgeniya Bondareva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
The World

The Shor are a small indigenous people of Western Siberia. In total, there are 13 thousand representatives of this nation in the world. The ethnos was formed in the 6-9 centuries. Kuzbass – the largest coal cluster in Russia – is a home for a significant part of the Shor population, being the indigenous minority of the region. The development of mining operations (mainly coal and iron ore mining) negatively affects the territory of the Shor people habitation. Therefore, the preservation of their cultural traditions, including the original language, is an important part of the sustainable development of the mining region Kuzbass. The suggested study is based on the Shor language material, which belongs to the Turkic branch of the Altai language family. The purpose of the study is to describe the synthetic type of complex sentences in the Shor language, which is designed to help preserve their culture in the system of sustainable development of Kuzbass.

scholarly journals Developing a Theory of Implementation for Better Chronic Healthcare Management: A Cognitive Mapping and System Dynamics Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Rees
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Systems Of Care ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Causal Connections ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
The World

<p><b>While chronic disease is viewed by some as the ‘healthcare challenge of this century’, and academics and practitioners around the world extol the virtues of chronic care management programmes, we are still a long way from fully specifying the causal connections that are needed to design and implement them successfully. Whilst the factors that are important in such systems of care are well articulated in the literature, it is less clear what the relationships between them are, and it is unclear how those factors can be implemented in a way that retains the integrity of the system they are a part of. The result is that despite strong clinical and management support, progress in implementing such programmes is slow.</b></p> <p>The goals of this research are therefore to:• develop a better understanding of the system of causality underpinning the key factors known to be important in implementing new models of chronic health care management,• understand how context influences this system, and• use the answers to the above questions to provide a model of implementation that can inform both theory and practiceThe research uses in-depth interviews with seven clinical, management and policy leaders within the New Zealand health system to develop a ‘theory of implementation’ that is described using System Dynamics. The research uses the cognitive mapping method to elicit the key concepts in the ‘expert’ theories by analysing both the individual maps and a composite map developed by combining data from all seven interviews. The cognitive maps are then used to inform the development of a causal loop diagram that depicts the key causal connections that are seen to be important in implementing such programmes and provides the basis for a simulation model.</p> <p>The findings from this research fall into two groups. The first group are findings that relate directly to the challenge of implementing programmes to improve care for people with chronic conditions. Within this group are findings that emphasise the importance of clinicians’ self-efficacy, the paradox that striving to implement best practice may, in some contexts, decrease performance and the acknowledgement that implementation will always be a ‘local affair’. The second group of findings relate to the process of implementation research. The world of implementation is a world of multiple, interacting variables that change over time and this research provides an approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data, that can be used in other contexts where the interest is in understanding how innovative ideas are implemented in practice.</p> <p>The research has therefore some implications for the practice of implementing new health innovations in primary care and provides a set of heuristics to inform such endeavours. The research also describes an approach for those who want to conduct research into the complex world of practice, by exploring the dynamics of many interacting factors, rather than isolating individual factors from each other and the context within which they exist.</p>

scholarly journals Plankton Biodiversity Mapped Globally

Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Cartier
Keyword(s):  
Economic Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Plankton Species

A team of scientists sailed around the world to catalog the diversity of plankton species in the ocean. Their findings have important economic implications as climate warms.

scholarly journals Adolescent Psychiatry in Britain: A Personal View of Its Development and Present Position

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Parry-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Affairs

The importance of the adolescent life period, from 10 to 19 years, is evident increasingly in all cultures of the world. The short, ritualized transition from childhood to adulthood, which has been characteristic of some cultures, is giving way to more prolonged periods as the pattern of Western industrialized society spreads to other parts of the world. The mental health problems of adolescents are attracting increasing attention since they have long-term social and economic implications. In Europe and the United States, epidemiological surveys indicate a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in teenagers. At all times in the community there is a large group of adolescents who are a source of concern because of their misbehaviour and apparent unhappiness. Nevertheless, adolescents world-wide have received relatively less medical and psychiatric attention than other age groups and specialized services, professional training and research are poorly developed. This is the state of affairs in many European countries and there are grounds for concern about the present state of adolescent psychiatry in Britain, in terms of both its clinical services and its professional development and status.

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