Exploring de formation of the Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud on Mars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Hernandez-Bernal ◽  
Agustín Sánchez-Lavega ◽  
Teresa Del Río-Gaztelurrutia
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Vapor Distribution

<p>In a recent work (Hernández-Bernal et al. 2020) we reported the existence and properties of the AMEC (Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud). This cloud appears every martian year around the southern solstice following a quick daily cycle, it expands up to 1800 km after sunrise and disappears before noon. While in the previous work we made an extensive observational study, a number of questions remain unsolved, including the specific specific set of atmospheric conditions that originates this particular cloud at this moment of the year, and why other near volcanoes do not exhibit analogous clouds. In this work we explore, based on models, the physical conditions of the atmosphere around Arsia Mons, such as temperature gradients, winds, and water vapor distribution, as a first step to try to understand this particular cloud.</p><p><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.6a91d3aa1fff59104550161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&app=m&a=0&c=8b814a50b210ee1ef3b6c142aecee436&ct=x&pn=gnp.elif&d=1" alt=""></p><p><strong>References</strong>:</p><p>Hernández-Bernal, J., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Río-Gaztelurrutia, T. D., Ravanis, E., Cardesín-Moinelo, A., Connour, K., ... & Hauber, E. An Extremely Elongated Cloud over Arsia Mons Volcano on Mars: I. Life Cycle. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, DOI: 10.1029/2020JE006517</p>

Functional and sexual symptoms improvement after Rezum water vapor therapy for the treatment of LUTS/BPE: 3-year results from the first European observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. S79-S80
Author(s):  
G. Siena ◽  
A. Cocci ◽  
J.I.M. Salamanca ◽  
G. Ferrari ◽  
D. Maruzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Sexual Symptoms

scholarly journals Differential absorption lidar measurements of water vapor by the High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO): Retrieval framework and validation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Carroll ◽  
Amin R. Nehrir ◽  
Susan Kooi ◽  
James Collins ◽  
Rory A. Barton-Grimley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Differential Absorption Lidar ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) offers a uniquely capable solution to the problem of measuring water vapor (WV) with high precision, accuracy, and resolution throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere. The High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO) airborne WV DIAL was recently developed at NASA Langley Research Center and was first deployed in 2019. It uses four wavelengths at 935 nm to achieve sensitivity over a wide dynamic range, and simultaneously employs 1064 nm backscatter and 532 nm high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) measurements for aerosol and cloud profiling. A key component of the WV retrieval framework is flexibly trading resolution for precision to achieve optimal data sets for scientific objectives across scales. A technique for retrieving WV in the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere using the strong surface return signal is also presented. The five maiden flights of the HALO WV DIAL spanned the tropics through midlatitudes with a wide range of atmospheric conditions, but opportunities for validation were sparse. Comparisons to dropsonde WV profiles were qualitatively in good agreement, though statistical analysis was impossible due to systematic error in the dropsonde measurements. Comparison of HALO to in situ WV measurements onboard the aircraft showed no substantial bias across three orders of magnitude, despite variance (R2 = 0.66) that may be largely attributed to spatiotemporal variability. Precipitable water vapor measurements from the spaceborne sounders AIRS and IASI compared very well to HALO with R2 > 0.96 over ocean and R2 = 0.86 over land.

Two months of measurements with an autonomous thermodynamic Raman lidar in Lindenberg

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Lange Vega ◽  
Andreas Behrendt ◽  
Volker Wulfmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Backscatter Coefficient ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Turbulence Scale

<p>Between 15 July 2020 and 19 September 2021, the Atmospheric Raman Temperature and Humidity Sounder (ARTHUS) collected data at the Lindenberg Observatory of the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), including temperature and water vapor mixing ratio with a high temporal and range resolution.</p> <p>During the operation period, very stable 24/7 operation was achieved, and ARTHUS demonstrated that is capable to observe the atmospheric boundary layer and lower free troposphere during both daytime and nighttime up to the turbulence scale, with high accuracy and precision, and very short latency. During nighttime, the measurement range increases even up to the tropopause and lower stratosphere.</p> <p>ARTHUS measurements resolve the strength of the inversion layer at the planetary boundary layer top, elevated lids in the free troposphere, and turbulent fluctuations in water vapor and temperature, simultaneously (Lange et al., 2019, Wulfmeyer et al., 2015). In addition to thermodynamic variables, ARTHUS provides also independent profiles of the particle backscatter coefficient and the particle extinction coefficient from the rotational Raman signals at 355 nm with much better resolution than a conventional vibrational Raman lidar.</p> <p>At the conference, highlights of the measurements will be presented. Furthermore, the statistics of more than 150 comparisons with local radiosondes will be presented which confirm the high accuracy of the temperature and moisture measurements of ARTHUS.</p> <p><strong><em>Acknowledgements</em></strong></p> <p>The development of ARTHUS was supported by the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers within the project Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems (MOSES). The measurements in Lindenberg were funded by DWD.</p> <p><strong><em>References </em></strong></p> <p>Lange, D., Behrendt, A., and Wulfmeyer, V. (2019). Compact operational tropospheric water vapor and temperature Raman lidar with turbulence resolution. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, 46. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085774</p> <p>Wulfmeyer, V., R. M. Hardesty, D. D. Turner, A. Behrendt, M. P. Cadeddu, P. Di Girolamo, P. Schlüssel, J. Van Baelen, and F. Zus (2015), A review of the remote sensing of lower tropospheric thermodynamic profiles and its indispensable role for the understanding and the simulation of water and energy cycles, <em>Rev. Geophys.</em>, 53,819–895, doi:10.1002/2014RG000476</p>

The effect of Antarctic ice-shelf extent on ice discharge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Jordan ◽  
HIlmar Gudmundsson ◽  
Adrian Jenkins ◽  
Chris Stokes ◽  
Stewart Jamiesson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
Grounding Line ◽  
Natural Variance ◽  
Observational Record

<div>The buttressing strength of Antarctic ice shelves directly effects the amount of ice discharge across the grounding line, with buttressing strength affected by both the thickness and extent of an ice shelf. Recent work has shown that a reduction in ice-shelf buttressing due to ocean induced ice-shelf thinning is responsible for a significant portion of increased Antarctic ice discharge (Gudmundsson et al., 2019, but few studies have attempted to show the effect of variability in ice-shelf extent on ice discharge. This variability arises due to ice-shelf calving following a cycle of long periods of slow, continuous calving interposed with calving of large, discrete sections.  These discrete calving events tend to occur on a comparative timeframe to that of the observational record. As such, when determining observed changes in ice discharge it is crucial that this natural variability is separated from any observed trends.  </div><div> </div><div>In this work we use the numerical ice-flow model Úa in combination with observations of ice shelf extent to diagnostically calculate Antarctic ice discharge. These observations primarily date back to the 1970s, though for some ice shelves records exist back to the 1940s. We assemble an Antarctic wide model for two scenarios: 1) with ice shelves at their maximum observed extent and 2) with ice shelves at their minimum observed extent. We then compare these two scenarios to differences in the observed changes in Antarctic ice-discharge to determine how much can be attributed to natural variance .</div><p> </p><p><span>Gudmundsson, G. H.</span><span>, Paolo, F. S., Adusumilli, S., & Fricker, H. A. (2019). </span>Instantaneous Antarctic ice‐ sheet mass loss driven by thinning ice shelves. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, 46, 13903– 13909. </p>

scholarly journals Mountain waves modulate the water vapor distribution in the UTLS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy Heller ◽  
Christiane Voigt ◽  
Stuart Beaton ◽  
Andreas Dörnbrack ◽  
Stefan Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Vertical Transport ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Mountain Wave ◽  
Mountain Waves ◽  
Wave Event ◽  
Transport And Mixing ◽  
Vapor Distribution

Abstract. The water vapor distribution in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region (UTLS) has a strong impact on the atmospheric radiation budget. Transport and mixing processes on different scales mainly determine the water vapor concentration in the UTLS. Here, we investigate the effect of mountain waves on the vertical transport and mixing of water vapor. For this purpose we analyse measurements of water vapor and meteorological parameters recorded by the DLR Falcon and NSF/NCAR GV research aircraft taken during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) in New Zealand. By combining different methods, we develop a new approach to quantify location, direction and irreversibility of the water vapor transport during a strong mountain wave event on 4 July 2014. A large positive vertical water vapor flux is detected above the Southern Alps extending from the troposphere to the stratosphere in the altitude range between 7.7 and 13.0 km. Wavelet analysis for the 8.9 km altitude level shows that the enhanced upward water vapor transport above the mountains is caused by mountain waves with horizontal wavelengths between 22 and 60 km. A downward transport of water vapor with 22 km wavelength is observed in the lee-side of the mountain ridge. While it is a priori not clear whether the observed fluxes are irreversible, low Richardson numbers derived from dropsonde data indicate enhanced turbulence in the tropopause region related to the mountain wave event. Together with the analysis of the water vapor to ozone correlation we find indications for vertical transport followed by irreversible mixing of water vapor. For our case study, we further estimate greater than 1 W m−2 radiative forcing by the increased water vapor concentrations in the UTLS above the Southern Alps of New Zealand resulting from mountain waves relative to unperturbed conditions. Hence, mountain waves have a great potential to affect the water vapor distribution in the UTLS. Our regional study may motivate further investigations of the global effects of mountain waves on the UTLS water vapor distributions and its radiative effects.

scholarly journals Field-deployable diode-laser-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for profiling water vapor

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1073-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Spuler ◽  
K. S. Repasky ◽  
B. Morley ◽  
D. Moen ◽  
M. Hayman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Differential Absorption Lidar ◽  
Atmospheric Sciences ◽  
Range Resolution

Abstract. A field-deployable water vapor profiling instrument that builds on the foundation of the preceding generations of diode-laser-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) laboratory prototypes was constructed and tested. Significant advances are discussed, including a unique shared telescope design that allows expansion of the outgoing beam for eye-safe operation with optomechanical and thermal stability; multistage optical filtering enabling measurement during daytime bright-cloud conditions; rapid spectral switching between the online and offline wavelengths enabling measurements during changing atmospheric conditions; and enhanced performance at lower ranges by the introduction of a new filter design and the addition of a wide field-of-view channel. Performance modeling, testing, and intercomparisons are performed and discussed. In general, the instrument has a 150 m range resolution with a 10 min temporal resolution; 1 min temporal resolution in the lowest 2 km of the atmosphere is demonstrated. The instrument is shown capable of autonomous long-term field operation – 50 days with a > 95% uptime – under a broad set of atmospheric conditions and potentially forms the basis for a ground-based network of eye-safe autonomous instruments needed for the atmospheric sciences research and forecasting communities.

Assessment of single-frequency observations in GNSS Tropospheric Tomography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Weber ◽  
Zohreh Adavi ◽  
Marcus Franz Glaner
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Gnss Network ◽  
Vapor Distribution ◽  
Reconstructed Model

<p>Water vapor is one of the most variable components in the Earth’s atmosphere, which has a significant role in the formation of clouds, rain and snow, air pollution and acid rain. Therefore, increasing the accuracy of estimated water vapor can lead to more accurate predictions of severe weather, upcoming storms, and reducing natural hazards. In recent years, GNSS has turned out to be a valuable tool for remotely sensing the atmosphere. GNSS tomography is one of the most valuable tools to reconstruct the Spatio-temporal structure of the troposphere. However, locating dual-frequency receivers with a sufficient spatial resolution for GNSS tomography of a few tens of kilometers is not economically feasible. Therefore, in this research, the feasibility of using single-frequency receivers in GNSS tomography as a possible alternative approach has been investigated. The accuracy of the reconstructed model of water-vapor distribution using low-cost receivers is verified using radiosonde measurements in the area of the EPOSA (Echtzeit Positionierung Austria) GNSS network, which is mostly located in the east part of Austria for the period DoYs 233-246 in 2019.</p>

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