Sapphire-bearing magmatic rocks as indicators of the continental collision tectonic events: a case study of Uralian orogenic belt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sorokina ◽  
Roman Botcharnikov ◽  
Yuriy Kostitsyn ◽  
Delia Rösel ◽  
Tobias Häger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Collision ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Alkaline Complex ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Orogenic Belts

<p>Gem corundum (mainly ruby) occurrences are commonly associated with orogenic belts. Corundum deposits of metamorphic origin are known as robust indicators of continent-continent collision tectonic events. Although sapphire-bearing primary magmatic deposits are also found in orogenic belts, their link to continental collision process remains poorly understood. Here we show that primary igneous blue sapphire occurrences in the Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex of Ilmen Mountains in Uralian orogenic belt are indicative of the continent-continent collision processes among Kazakhstania, Laurussia, and Siberia 330 – 250 Ma ago (Sorokina et al. 2017).</p><p>The results of geochemical, mineralogical, and geochronological research of corundum syenite pegmatites demonstrate that <em>in situ</em> primary magmatic corundum-bearing mineral assemblages can be used to evaluate the formation conditions and the time constraints of magmatic processes imposed by tectonic activity during orogenesis.</p><p>Thus, the corundum syenite pegmatites have recorded a multistage evolution of the Ilmenogorsky complex. They crystallized at temperatures of 700 – 750°C at 275 and 295 Ma ago (<em>in situ</em> LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating) within the timeframe of the continental collision of the Uralian orogeny. The isotopic signatures show a geochemical link of these deposits to nepheline syenites – miaskites of the main igneous body in Ilmenogorsky complex. While, some corundum syenite-pegmatites express the metamorphic overprint at temperatures of 700 – 780°C occurred 249 ± 2Ma ago (TISM Rb-Sr isotopy) during limited post-collision stretching period in the area of Ilmenogorsky complex (Sorokina et al. 2021). Hence, these results imply that primary magmatic corundum deposits can be used as an important indicator of continental collision events.</p><p>References:</p><div> <p>1.              Sorokina E.S., Botcharnikov R., Kostitsyn Yu.A., Rösel D., Häger T., Rassomakhin M.A., Kononkova N.N., Somsikova A.V., Berndt J., Ludwig T., Medvedeva E.V., Hofmeister W. (2021). Sapphire-bearing magmatic rocks trace the boundary between paleo-continents: a case study of Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex, Uralian collision zone of Russia. Gondwana research 2021 (in press).</p> <p>2.  Sorokina, E.S., Karampelas, S., Nishanbaev, T.P., Nikandrov, S.N., Semiannikov, B.S., (2017). Sapphire Megacrysts in Syenite Pegmatites from the Ilmen Mountains, South Urals, Russia: New Mineralogical Data. Canadian Mineralogist 55, 823–843</p> </div>

Collision and reactivation along the South Tianshan Orogen (NW China) through late Paleozoic to Mesozoic time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigui Han ◽  
Guochun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Continental Collision ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
Magma Source ◽  
The South ◽  
Nw China ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Western Tianshan ◽  
Tarim Craton ◽  
South Tianshan

<p>The South Tianshan Orogenic Belt in NW China marks the suturing site between the Tarim Craton and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) during late Paleozoic-Mesozoic time. Despite numerous investigations, the amalgamation history along the South Tianshan Orogen remains controversial, especially on the timing and process of the final continental collision between the Tarim Craton and the Central Tianshan (CTS)-Yili Block. We inquire into this issue on the basis of a compiled dataset across the Tarim, South Tianshan and CTS-Yili regions, comprising elemental and isotopic data of magmatic rocks and radiometric ages of regional magmatism, detrital zircons, (ultra-)high pressure metamorphism and tectonothermal events. The data support a continental collision along the South Tianshan belt in 310-300 Ma, in accord with a contemporaneous magmatic quiescence and a prominent decrease of εNd(t) and εHf(t) values of magmatic rocks in the CTS region, and a main exhumation stage of (U)HP rocks in the South Tianshan region. The collisional orogeny along the South Tianshan have most likely been influenced by a mantle plume initiated at ca. 300 Ma underneath the northern Tarim Craton, as evidenced by temporal and spatial variations of geochemical proxies tracing magma source characteristics. The new model of plume-modified collision orogeny reconciles the absence of continental-type (U)HP rocks in the orogen and the insignificant upper-plate uplift during continental collision. In the mid-Triassic (ca. 240 Ma), the Chinese western Tianshan underwent intense surface uplift and denudation, as indicated by sedimentary provenance analysis and tectonothermal events. Paleocurrent and detrital zircon age data from Triassic strata in northern Tarim suggest a provenance change from a single source of the Tarim Craton to multiple sources including the CTS-Yili Block to the north and the Western Kunlun Orogen to the south. We suggest that the mid-Triassic uplifting in Chinese western Tianshan was an intracontinental orogeny caused by far-field effects of the collision between the Tarim Craton and the Qiangtang Block. This research was financially supported by NSFC Projects (41730213, 42072264, 41902229, 41972237) and Hong Kong RGC GRF (17307918).</p>

scholarly journals Tectonic evolution of the Hellenic Orogen. Geometry and kinematics of deformations

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Δ. ΜΟΥΝΤΡΑΚΗΣ
Keyword(s):  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Crustal Thickening ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Oceanic Sediments ◽  
Extensional Tectonic ◽  
Orogenic Belts ◽  
Tectonic Windows ◽  
Geometry And Kinematics

The Hellenic orogen consists of three orogenic belts: 1) the Cimmerian orogenic belt, including Rhodopian, Serbomacedonian, Circum Rhodope, Axios and Pelagonian zones, is the internal belt which has been created in pre-Late Jurassic times as a result of the northward drift of Cimmerian contrinental fragments from Gondwana towards Eurasia. Ophiolites from small ocean basins were mainly emplaced onto the Cimmerian continental margins in Middle Jurassic. 2) the Alpine orogenic belt, including External Hellenides and Pindos-Subpelagonian ophiolites and oceanic sediments (Neo-Tethyan), which has been created in Cretaceous-Paleogene times after the subduction of the Neotethyan oceanic crust beneath the Cimmerian-Eurasian plate and the collision of the Apulian microplate to the later, 3) the Mesogean orogenic belt along the External Hellenic orogenic arc as a result of the Mesogean-African underplate beneath the unique Alpine-Cimmerian-Eurasian plate in Miocen- Pliocene times and the exhumation of the Cretan-Southern Peloponesus tectonic windows. Structural analysis and detailed studies of the geometry and kinematics suggest that during Alpine-Mesogean orogenic process a SW-ward migration of successive complessional and extensional tectonic events took place resulted of successive subductions. Thus, crustal thickening produced by compressional tectonics in each area was followed by an extensional exhumation of underplate rocks as tectonic windows.

Sapphire-bearing magmatic rocks trace the boundary between paleo-continents: A case study of Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex, Uralian collision zone of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 239-252
Author(s):  
Elena S. Sorokina ◽  
Roman E. Botcharnikov ◽  
Yuri A. Kostitsyn ◽  
Delia Rösel ◽  
Tobias Häger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Complex ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Collision Zone

SenCity – Evaluating Users’ Experiences of Intelligent Lighting for Well-Being in Smart Cities

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Henrika Pihlajaniemi ◽  
Anna Luusua ◽  
Eveliina Juntunen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
System Data

This paper presents the evaluation of usersХ experiences in three intelligent lighting pilots in Finland. Two of the case studies are related to the use of intelligent lighting in different kinds of traffic areas, having emphasis on aspects of visibility, traffic and movement safety, and sense of security. The last case study presents a more complex view to the experience of intelligent lighting in smart city contexts. The evaluation methods, tailored to each pilot context, include questionnaires, an urban dashboard, in-situ interviews and observations, evaluation probes, and system data analyses. The applicability of the selected and tested methods is discussed reflecting the process and achieved results.

Site specific agricultural soil management with the use of new technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Areas

<p>The Soil Science Institute of Thessaloniki produces new digitized Soil Maps that provide a useful electronic database for the spatial representation of the soil variation within a region, based on in situ soil sampling, laboratory analyses, GIS techniques and plant nutrition mathematical models, coupled with the local land cadastre. The novelty of these studies is that local agronomists have immediate access to a wide range of soil information by clicking on a field parcel shown in this digital interface and, therefore, can suggest an appropriate treatment (e.g. liming, manure incorporation, desalination, application of proper type and quantity of fertilizer) depending on the field conditions and cultivated crops. A specific case study is presented in the current work with regards to the construction of the digitized Soil Map of the regional unit of Kastoria. The potential of this map can easily be realized by the fact that the mapping of the physicochemical properties of the soils in this region provided delineation zones for differential fertilization management. An experiment was also conducted using remote sensing techniques for the enhancement of the fertilization advisory software database, which is a component of the digitized map, and the optimization of nitrogen management in agricultural areas.</p>

Supplemental Material: Tectonic origin of the Bainaimiao arc terrane in the southern Central Asian orogenic belt: Evidence from sedimentary and magmatic rocks in the Damao region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Zhou ◽  
Guochun Zhao ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Central Asian Orogenic Belt ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Samples And Sampling ◽  
Tectonic Origin

Table S1: Summary of the samples and sampling positions in this study (sampling sites are marked in Fig. 3); Table S2: U-Pb age data for zircons of (meta-)sedimentary and volcanic rocks in this study; Table S3: Lu-Hf isotopic data for zircons of (meta-)sedimentary and volcanic rocks in this study.

scholarly journals An Improved Algorithm for Measuring Nitrate Concentrations in Seawater Based on Deep-Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry: A Case Study of the Aoshan Bay Seawater and Western Pacific Seawater

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Xingyue Zhu ◽  
Kaixiong Yu ◽  
Xiaofan Zhu ◽  
Juan Su ◽  
Chi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrometer ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Reflection Probe

Nowadays, it is still a challenge for commercial nitrate sensors to meet the requirement of high accuracy in a complex water. Based on deep-ultraviolet spectral analysis and a regression algorithm, a different measuring method for obtaining the concentration of nitrate in seawater is proposed in this paper. The system consists of a deuterium lamp, an optical fiber splitter module, a reflection probe, temperature and salinity sensors, and a deep-ultraviolet spectrometer. The regression model based on weighted average kernel partial least squares (WA-KPLS) algorithm together with corrections for temperature and salinity (TSC) is established. After that, the seawater samples from Western Pacific and Aoshan Bay in Qingdao, China with the addition of various nitrate concentrations are studied to verify the reliability and accuracy of the method. The results show that the TSC-WA-KPLS algorithm shows the best results when compared against the multiple linear regression (MLR) and ISUS (in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer) algorithms in the temperatures range of 4–25 °C, with RMSEP of 0.67 µmol/L for Aoshan Bay seawater and 1.08 µmol/L for Western Pacific seawater. The method proposed in this paper is suitable for measuring the nitrate concentration in seawater with higher accuracy, which could find application in the development of in-situ and real-time nitrate sensors.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydrogeochemistry on Tunnel Drainage in Evaporitic Formations: El Regajal Tunnel Case Study (Aranjuez, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1505
Author(s):  
Ignacio Menéndez Pidal ◽  
Jose Antonio Mancebo Piqueras ◽  
Eugenio Sanz Pérez ◽  
Clemente Sáenz Sanz
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Underground Flow ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time

Many of the large number of underground works constructed or under construction in recent years are in unfavorable terrains facing unusual situations and construction conditions. This is the case of the subject under study in this paper: a tunnel excavated in evaporitic rocks that experienced significant karstification problems very quickly over time. As a result of this situation, the causes that may underlie this rapid karstification are investigated and a novel methodology is presented in civil engineering where the use of saturation indices for the different mineral specimens present has been crucial. The drainage of the rock massif of El Regajal (Madrid-Toledo, Spain, in the Madrid-Valencia high-speed train line) was studied and permitted the in-situ study of the hydrogeochemical evolution of water flow in the Miocene evaporitic materials of the Tajo Basin as a full-scale testing laboratory, that are conforms as a whole, a single aquifer. The work provides a novel methodology based on the calculation of activities through the hydrogeochemical study of water samples in different piezometers, estimating the saturation index of different saline materials and the dissolution capacity of the brine, which is surprisingly very high despite the high electrical conductivity. The circulating brine appears unsaturated with respect to thenardite, mirabilite, epsomite, glauberite, and halite. The alteration of the underground flow and the consequent renewal of the water of the aquifer by the infiltration water of rain and irrigation is the cause of the hydrogeochemical imbalance and the modification of the characteristics of the massif. These modifications include very important loss of material by dissolution, altering the resistance of the terrain and the increase of the porosity. Simultaneously, different expansive and recrystallization processes that decrease the porosity of the massif were identified in the present work. The hydrogeochemical study allows the evolution of these phenomena to be followed over time, and this, in turn, may facilitate the implementation of preventive works in civil engineering.

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