Influence of different nitrogen inhibitors on maize yield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Heiling ◽  
Mahdi Shorafa ◽  
Rayehe Mirkhani ◽  
Elden Willems ◽  
Arsenio Toloza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is challenging due to the many factors and have low N use efficiency (NUE). Heavy N losses from soil reduce plant yield and have negative impacts on the environment. Nitrogen processes inhibitors, such as urease and nitrification inhibitors (UI and NI), are chemical compounds which reduce urea hydrolysis and nitrification respectively. By coating ammonium based chemical fertilizers with N process inhibitors allows N to stay in a more stable form of ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) thus minimising N losses as well as improving NUE and consequently enhancing crop yield.</p><p>A field experiment was established at the Soil and Water Management and Crop Nutrition Laboratory (SWMCNL) in Seibersdorf, Austria to determine the effect of different N fertilizers coated with N process inhibitors on maize yield in summer 2020. The field site is characterised by a moderately shallow Chernozem soil with significant gravel content. Three combinations of N fertilizer (urea or NPK) with N process inhibitors (UI and/or NI)) were tested and compared with a control treatment (without N fertilizer) and a urea application without any inhibitor. All treatments received 60 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and 146 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> K<sub>2</sub>O. The amount of N added to each treatment receiving N fertilizer was 120 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>. The inhibitors used were (i) UI (2-NPT: N-(2-nitrophenyl) phosphoric acid triamide), (ii) NI-1 (MPA: N-[3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) methyl] acetamide), and (iii) NI-2 (DMPP: 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate). DMPP, a nitrification inhibitor, was used in combination with NPK fertilizer. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used in this study. Treatments were: T<sub>1</sub> (control treatment - without N fertilizer), T<sub>2</sub> (Urea only), T<sub>3</sub> (Urea + UI), T<sub>4</sub> (Urea + UI + NI-1), and T<sub>5 </sub>(NPK + NI-2). Urea was applied through two split applications in the T<sub>2</sub> treatment. In T<sub>3</sub>, T<sub>4</sub>, and T<sub>5</sub> treatments, N fertilizers were applied only once. Supplemental irrigation was only applied in the early stages of growth, to ensure that the crop could establish. Harvest was carried out at 98 days after planting.</p><p>The yield data showed that different fertilizer treatments had a significant (p ≤ 0.01) effect on maize yield (dry matter production). There was no significant difference between treatments 4 and 5, which had the highest yield followed by treatments 2 and 3. The comparison between T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>3</sub> showed that the application of a urease inhibitor avoids the need for a split application of urea, which decreases labour costs. Adding NI-1 (under T<sub>4</sub>) further increases the yield. Also, the package of NPK, a common choice by farmers in Austria, in combination with the nitrification inhibitor NI-2 showed equally good results as urea combined with two inhibitors. Based on the yield results, it can be concluded that N process inhibitors play a significant role in enhancing maize yields.</p>

Influence of nitrification inhibitor (Nitrapyrin) on winter wheat yield 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayehe Mirkhani ◽  
Mohammad Sajad Ghavami ◽  
Elnaz Ahmadi ◽  
Ebrahim Moghiseh
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

<p>Nitrogen (N) is a crop nutrient that is commonly applied as fertilizer, however the dynamic nature of N and its propensity for loss from soil‐plant systems creates a unique and challenging environment for its efficient management. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are compounds that can reduce the bacterial oxidation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> to NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> by inhibiting the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and maintaining a higher proportion of applied nitrogen in the soil by preventing nitrate loss from leaching and gaseous N losses from nitrification and denitrification. The organic compound 2-chloro-6-(tri-chloromethyl) pyridine, commonly known as nitrapyrin (NP), is such a nitrification inhibitor that is used in agriculture. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of NI (NP) on winter wheat yield compared to farmers practice without NI at a given N rate and same number of N split applications.</p><p>A randomized complete block design in five replications was used in this study. Treatments were: T<sub>1</sub> (control treatment - without urea), T<sub>2</sub> (farmers practice - 300 kg urea/ha), and T<sub>3</sub> (urea+NP - 300 kg urea/ha). Urea was applied in three split applications at tillering, stem elongation and booting stages in treatments T<sub>2</sub> (farmers practice) and T<sub>3</sub> (urea+NP). The average grain yield of winter wheat was 8.7 t ha<sup>-1</sup> for the farmers practice (T<sub>2</sub>) and 9.1 t ha<sup>-1</sup> for the urea+NP treatment (T<sub>3</sub>) at the same number of split fertilizer applications.</p><p>The crop yield data showed that urea applied with NP (T<sub>3</sub>) did increase only slightly grain yield, as compared to farmers practice (T<sub>2</sub>). The grain yield increase with NP was about 4%, however the statistical analysis showed that this increase due to the application of urea with NP was not significant. Further research is needed to investigate additional nitrification inhibitors and their effect on wheat production.</p>

scholarly journals Using the Nitrification Inhibitor Nitrapyrin in Dairy Farm Effluents Does Not Improve Yield-Scaled Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia Emissions but Reduces Methane Flux

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gabriela Pérez-Castillo ◽  
Jimmy Arrieta-Méndez ◽  
Jorge Alberto Elizondo-Salazar ◽  
Mayela Monge-Muñoz ◽  
Mohammad Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Significant Difference

The application of dairy farm effluents (DFE) without previous treatment in paddocks was intensified due to the approval of this practice in Costa Rican legislation since 2012. Applying DFE instead of synthetic N fertilizer in grasslands is an opportunity to reach a circular economy; however, this practice increases the risk of emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3), which contribute to global warming. A field experiment was carried out using a permanent grassland (90% Star grass and 10% Kikuyo grass) to simultaneously assess the effect of nitrapyrin on yield-scaled emissions of NH3, CH4, and N2O. The experiment lasted for 5 months in 2017, based on a randomized complete block design, including three treatments of control (CK) without N application, surface application of DFE with nitrapyrin (SNI), and without nitrapyrin (S). Total N applied was 149 ± 12 kg N ha−1 for both S and SNI treatments split into five applications. CH4 emissions from S, SNI, and CK showed a high temporal variation. Daily fluxes of CH4 from SNI were significantly lower than those of S in August (P < 0.05). Cumulative emissions of CH4, the majority produced in the soil, ranged from 4 to 168 g ha−1 for S, and from −13 to 88 g ha−1 for SNI. The ratio between the N2O cumulative emissions and the N applied as DFE were 1.6 ± 0.5 and 1.7 ± 0.2% for S and SNI, respectively. NH3 volatilization potential was very low (i.e., 0.6 ± 0.2% of the N applied). Under the prevailing experimental conditions, no significant difference between yield-scaled NH3 and N2O emissions were found between S and SNI, suggesting that nitrapyrin may not be a viable mitigation option for gaseous N losses from DFE application in Costa Rican grasslands in rainy season.

scholarly journals Management of nitrogen and nitrification inhibitors for corn and wheat production on claypan soils

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Habibullah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Fertilizer Use

Use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) in agricultural production systems is considered a risk management strategy for both agricultural and environmental considerations. It can be utilized when risk of reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency or yield, and risk of pollution from mineral N is high. Field research was conducted on corn (Zea mays L.) from 2012 to 2015 in Northeast Missouri. Treatments consisted of two application timings of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer solution [pre-emergence (PRE) and V3 growth stage], two application rates (143 and 168 kg N ha-1 ), with and without a NI (nitrapyrin), and a non-treated control which were arranged in randomized complete block design. UAN applied at a rate of 143 kg ha-1 with nitrapyrin at the V3 growth resulted in the highest yield (8.6 Mg ha-1 ). Similarly, pre-emergence application of UAN 168 kg ha-1 with nitrapyrin resulted in greater yields (7.7 Mg ha-1 ). UAN application rates and timings affected soil NO3-N and NH4-N concentration more than nitrapyrin presence or absence during the growing season. A side-dress application of a lower rate of UAN with nitrapyrin at V3 corn growth stage may be useful when risk of N losses during the growing season due to unfavorable precipitation events and other environmental variables is high. A pre-emergence application of UAN with nitrapyrin was useful and it may eliminate the need for split-application of N fertilizer later in the season. Workload on growers soon before planting or during growing season, excessive wet field conditions in early spring, reduced N fertilizer use efficiencies due to uncertain climatic conditions during growing season, and environmental concerns of pollution from - 30 - N escaping from agriculture production systems may give an incentive to growers and policy makers to increase the use of nitrapyrin in the future.

Application of Gliricidia sepium Tree Leaves and Nitrogen Fertilizer to Improve Tomato Production and Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
SS Keya ◽  
MG Miah ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Soil Fertility Improvement

Excess use of agrochemicals for intensive cultivation affects crop quality and destroys agro-ecosystems, and eventually creates health hazards. The study aims to investigate the effect of Gliricidia sepium (GS) tree leaf as suitable green manures for supplementing nutrient supply along with nitrogen (N) fertilizer to produce quality tomato and soil fertility improvement. A field experiment was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh, from November 2016 to March 2017. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (two factors) with three replications. There were nine treatment combinations with three levels of GS tree leaves (5, 10 and 15 t ha−1) and three doses of N (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer). The highest tomato yield was recorded in GS15×N100 treatment combination, which was 41.68% higher compared to the control treatment. Decreasing C: N ratio in increasing dose of GS and N treated plot indicated the quality of tree leaves that ensures faster decomposition and high nutrient release pattern of this species. Increasing rate of soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in different treatments as compared to initial soil showed soil fertility improvement. Overall, the results indicated that quality tomato could be grown successfully by the application of G. sepium tree leaves along with an appropriate amount of N fertilizer. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 77-87

scholarly journals Production and nutritional value of the wheat silage managed with different cutting systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Carletto ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Danúbia Nogueira Figueira ◽  
Guilherme Fernando Mattos Leão ◽  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Significant Difference

Winter cereals are mainly used for human and animal nutrition and several studies are now exploring their potential as conserved forage (hay and silage). Among the winter cereal species available for cultivation in the south of Brazil, which is major winter cereals producer in the country, the wheat cv. BRS Umbu has attracted special attention. However, few studies have investigated the potential of this cultivar for silage production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and quality of silage from the dual-purpose wheat, BRS Umbu, subjected to different cut managements treatments: T1 - without cut (control), T2 - one cut and T3 - two cuts. Each plot represented an experimental unit in a randomized block design, with 5 replicates per treatment. Two representative samples were collected from each plot to determine morphological segmentation (stem, leaf and ear) and dry matter (DM) content of the whole plant and its morphological components. At the time of opening of the silos, food chemical analysis and pH determination were performed. Forage mass production decreased by 26.88% and 67.82%, respectively, with one and two cuts, compared to control. The DM content of the ensiled plant was 49.9 g kg-1 for the control, 54.7 g kg-1 with one cut and 63.2 g kg-1 with two cuts, at the time of ensiling. Management cuts changed the morphological components of the plants, with a lower proportion of stem (28%) in plants subjected to two cuts. The control treatment showed fewer leaves in ensiled plant (9.6%) and intermediate amount of stalk (52.8%), and was significantly different (p < 0.05) to treatment of a cut. Regarding feed chemistry evaluations, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed for mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP) and hemicellulose (HEM) between the different cutting regimens. However, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) decreased (p < 0.05) as the number of cuts increased. The control treatment showed higher NDF and ADF content (563.2 and 357.9 g kg-1 DM, respectively) and lower amount of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and net energy of lactation (NEL). However, the estimated milk production (EMP) was superior for this treatment (22,447 l ha-1), demonstrating the high impact of reduced forage mass production with increased number of cuts.

scholarly journals Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Due to Grafting in Solanaceae of Different Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
João Lucas Moraes Vieira ◽  
Rogério Eiji Hanada
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Blocks

The present work had as objective to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics of commercial tomato fruits grafted on different solanaceous species. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized complete block design, with four blocks and six treatments, being the rootstocks: cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum); two cultivars of eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum), Long Light Green and Big Hill; jurubeb&atilde;o (Solanum lycocarpum) and jurubeba juna (Solanum stramonifolium), grafted with the tomato cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, and the control treatment was represented by the self-grafted tomato. Three consecutive harvests were spaced seven days after the production stabilization, and the characteristics fruits analyzed were Total Soluble Solids (&ordm;Brix), pH, Titratable Acidity (percentage of citric acid) and TSS/TA. A statistically significant difference was found in the Tukey&rsquo;s test at 5% probability in the titratable acidity, pH and fruit pulp flavor, among the evaluated treatments, while the soluble solids content did not differ between treatments in any of the harvests, but the values remained within the considered adequate for the tomato in natura in the current literature. There was a decrease in fruit flavor in all treatments, and fruit pH drop in all treatments with the exception of jurubeb&atilde;o, with the advancement of plant age, while the titratable acidity had an inverse behavior. The evaluated rootstocks can be used in the tomato crop, without prejudice to the quality of the tomato fruit produced.

scholarly journals DOSES AND SPLIT NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF ARUGULA1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-829
Author(s):  
CAMILA SENO NASCIMENTO ◽  
CAROLINA SENO NASCIMENTO ◽  
ARTHUR BERNARDES CECÍLIO FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

ABSTRACT Splitting nitrogen (N) fertilizer application can be an efficient nutrient management technique to improve productivity and plant quality, as well as to reduce the negative environmental impact caused by N losses. In this context, the present study investigated how the management of N affects the agronomic characteristics of field-grown arugula plants. Nine treatments were assessed in a randomized complete block design, in a 4 x 2 + 1 factorial scheme, with three replicates. The evaluated factors were doses of N (60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1), split N fertilizer applications at side-dress (two and three times) and an additional treatment without a N supply. Maximum height was obtained with the application of 198 kg N ha-1. Nitrate content, fresh mass and productivity increased with increasing N doses. There was no effect of split N fertilizer applications on the characteristics evaluated. Therefore, the supply of 240 kg N ha-1 divided into two portions was considered as the best management strategy.

scholarly journals Effects of 3,4-dimethylphyrazole phosphate-added nitrogen fertilizers on crop growth and N2O emissions in Southern Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vitale ◽  
L. Ottaiano ◽  
F. Polimeno ◽  
G. Maglione ◽  
U. Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The effect of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylphyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on N-fertilized crop growth and soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were studied at two experimental sites in Southern Italy, characterised by a Mediterranean climate and different soil texture. The experiments were a randomized block design of two treatments: crop fertilized with NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> (considered the control treatment) or amended with DMPP plus NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> (considered the DMPP treatment). ANOVA was performed to assess differences between treatments and fertilization periods whereas simple and multiple linear regressions were performed in order to assess the effect of the soil-related in-dependent variables on soil gases emissions. Growth of potato plants fertilized with DMPP-added nitrogen was enhanced compared to control plants, whereas no benefit on maize plants grown during summer was observed. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions measured from soil to potato after the first fertilization with DMPP-added nitrogen was reduced during winter, but was higher than control after the second fertilizer application in spring, leading to comparable N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors (EF1) between treatments. In maize N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and EF1 were lower for DMPP compared to control treatment. The effectiveness of reduction in soil N<sub>2</sub>O emission was influenced by soil temperature and water-filled pore space (WFPS) in both experimental sites. However, the overall effect of WFPS was contrasting as N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were decreased in potato and enhanced in maize.

Effects of Integrated Use of Calliandra calothyrsus and Maize Stover with Urea on Soil Mineral Nitrogen, Striga Infestation and Maize Yields in Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Robert O. Nyambati ◽  
Duncan G. Odhiamboz ◽  
Cornelius K. Serrem ◽  
Caleb O. Othieno ◽  
Frank S. Mairura
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Maize Grain

This study investigated the effects of applying different combinations of two contrasting plant residues, Calliandra calothyrsus (Calliandra) and maize stover, with urea on Striga infestation and maize yield in western Kenya. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 12 treatments replicated four times was used. The following plant residue: urea combinations was used so as to supply a total of 75 kg ha-1 in each treatment combination; 75:0, 60:15, 45:30, 30:45, 15:60, and 0:75 for five seasons (2007-2009). A control treatment where no nutrient inputs were applied was included. Calliandra applied at 45 kg N ha-1 plus urea (30 kg N ha-1) and maize stover applied 15 kg N ha-1 plus urea (60 kg N ha-1) had consistently lower Striga infestation compared other treatments. Negative linear relationship between maize yield and Striga population were observed in the first three seasons i.e. 2007 LR, 2007 SR and 2008 LR. Overall mean maize grain yields over the five seasons were highest (3.0 t ha-1) under maize stover (30 kg N ha-1) combined with urea (45 kg N ha-1) followed by Calliandra (45 kg N ha-1) combined with urea (30 kg N ha-1) with (2.7 t ha-1). Maize stover (30 kg N ha-1) in combination with urea (45 kg N ha-1) increased maize grain yields relative to the control by 275%, 107% and 155% in the first, second and third seasons respectively. Treatments with Calliandra (45 kg N ha-1) in combination with urea (30 kg N ha-1) increased maize grain yields relative to the control by 191%, and 233% in the first and third seasons respectively. The control and sole maize stover (75 kg N ha-1) had the lowest yields across all the seasons. The optimum application rate for stover was 30 kg N ha-1 nitrogen equivalent while that for Calliandra was 45 kg N ha-1.

The nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide increases mineralization–immobilization turnover in slurry-amended grassland soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (S1) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ERNFORS ◽  
F. P. BRENNAN ◽  
K. G. RICHARDS ◽  
K. L. MCGEOUGH ◽  
B. S. GRIFFITHS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Gross Mineralization ◽  
Soil N Mineralization ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification ◽  
Gross N Transformation

SUMMARYNitrification inhibitors are used in agriculture for the purpose of decreasing nitrogen (N) losses, by limiting the microbially mediated oxidation of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3−). Successful inhibition of nitrification has been shown in numerous studies, but the extent to which inhibitors affect other N transformations in soil is largely unknown. In the present study, cattle slurry was applied to microcosms of three different grassland soils, with or without the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD). A solution containing NH4+and NO3−, labelled with15N either on the NH4+or the NO3−part, was mixed with the slurry before application. Gross N transformation rates were estimated using a15N tracing model. In all three soils, DCD significantly inhibited gross autotrophic nitrification, by 79–90%. Gross mineralization of recalcitrant organic N increased significantly with DCD addition in two soils, whereas gross heterotrophic nitrification from the same pool decreased with DCD addition in two soils. Fungal to bacterial ratios were not significantly affected by DCD addition. Total gross mineralization and immobilization increased significantly across the three soils when DCD was used, which suggests that DCD can cause non-target effects on soil N mineralization–immobilization turnover.

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