scholarly journals Effects of 3,4-dimethylphyrazole phosphate-added nitrogen fertilizers on crop growth and N2O emissions in Southern Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vitale ◽  
L. Ottaiano ◽  
F. Polimeno ◽  
G. Maglione ◽  
U. Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The effect of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylphyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on N-fertilized crop growth and soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were studied at two experimental sites in Southern Italy, characterised by a Mediterranean climate and different soil texture. The experiments were a randomized block design of two treatments: crop fertilized with NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> (considered the control treatment) or amended with DMPP plus NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> (considered the DMPP treatment). ANOVA was performed to assess differences between treatments and fertilization periods whereas simple and multiple linear regressions were performed in order to assess the effect of the soil-related in-dependent variables on soil gases emissions. Growth of potato plants fertilized with DMPP-added nitrogen was enhanced compared to control plants, whereas no benefit on maize plants grown during summer was observed. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions measured from soil to potato after the first fertilization with DMPP-added nitrogen was reduced during winter, but was higher than control after the second fertilizer application in spring, leading to comparable N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors (EF1) between treatments. In maize N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and EF1 were lower for DMPP compared to control treatment. The effectiveness of reduction in soil N<sub>2</sub>O emission was influenced by soil temperature and water-filled pore space (WFPS) in both experimental sites. However, the overall effect of WFPS was contrasting as N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were decreased in potato and enhanced in maize.

scholarly journals Yield Response of Upland Rice as Influenced by Enhanced-Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers in the Brazilian Cerrado

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Vinícius Almeida Oliveira ◽  
Eliana Paula Fernandes Brasil ◽  
Welldy Gonçalves Teixeira ◽  
Felipe Corrêa Veloso dos Santos ◽  
Atila Reis da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

Nitrogen (N) fertilizers have their use efficiency adversely affected by the rate and source of N. A two-year field experiment was conducted to examine the yield response of upland rice by using NBPT (urease inhibitor), PCU (polymer-coated urea) and uncoated urea under different N application rates. It was hypothesized that either NPBT or PCU may result in increased yield components of upland rice when compared to conventional urea. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design in a 3 &times; 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Treatments comprised three sources (conventional uncoated urea, NBPT-treated urea, and polymer-coated urea) and four rates (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) of N, in addition to a control treatment (no fertilizer application). Nitrogen fertilizers were applied in two split doses: 50% at the seedling stage, and 50% at the tillering stage (~80 days after planting). The results revealed that the use of enhanced-efficiency N sources increased the productivity and plant height of upland rice crop when compared to conventional urea. As compared to when it is untreated or polymner-coated, treating urea with NBPT resulted in increased 100-grain weight.

scholarly journals Respons Pertumbuhan dan Rendemen Minyak Klon Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) terhadap Aplikasi Berbagai Dosis Urea (Growth Response And Yield Of Patchouli Clones (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) On Dose Urea Various Applications)

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Retno Ayu Diah Pangestu ◽  
M. Tahir ◽  
Fatahillah Fatahillah
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Right

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is a plant that produces essential oils and important foreign exchange earner for Indonesia. Using superior clones  with the right fertilizer application will increase the yield of patchouli oil. The research aims to obtain patchouli plants that have the best response of urea fertilization application and optimum dosage of urea for patchouli plant growth. The study was conducted at the Politeknik Negeri lampung’s teaching farm in December 2018 until May 2019. The experiment was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RBD), consisting of two treatment factors, namely the type of urea clone. The first factor is the type of clone consisting of 2 levels, namely NPL 9 clone and Lhokseumawe clone. The second factor is the treatment of urea doses consisting of 4 levels, namely control, 250 kg.ha-1, 300 kg.ha-1, and 350 kg.ha-1. Variables observed included plant’s height, bough, diameter, number of leaves, stalk angle, chlorophyll content, wet weight of plant, wind dry weight of plant, and yield. The results of research showed  NPL 9 clone had a superior appearance and 350 kg.ha-1 of urea dose  was the optimal dose compared to other doses and could increase patchouli yield 2,3% compared to the control treatment.

scholarly journals Increasing the Growth and Production of Irrigated Rice Through the Integrated Application of Rice–Duck–Azolla

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etty Safriyani ◽  
Mery Hasmeda ◽  
Munandar Munandar ◽  
Firdauas Sulaiman ◽  
Holidi Holidi
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Integrated Agriculture

The application of integrated agriculture is an effort to reduce dependence up on agrochemicals and increase the absorption of nutrients, especially nitrogen, to increase plant growth and production. <em>Azolla </em>is an algae that can provide nitrogen for rice, while ducks can increase the availability of N, P, and K, as well as the efficiency of nitrogen use. This research aimed to evaluate the role of ducks and <em>Azolla </em>in increasing the growth and production of rice plants. This research was conducted from October 2018 to February 2019 using an experimental method with a nonfactorial randomized block design. The combinations of nitrogen fertilizers, <em>Azolla</em>, and ducks (K) were as follows: K1 = 115 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, without ducks, without <em>Azolla</em>; K2 = 86 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, without ducks, 1,000 kg <em>Azolla </em>ha<sup>−1</sup>; K3 = 86 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, 3,000 ducks ha<sup>−1</sup>, 1,000 kg <em>Azolla </em>ha<sup>−1</sup>; K4 = 58 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, 3,000 ducks ha<sup>−1</sup>, 1,000 kg <em>Azolla </em>ha<sup>−1</sup>; K5 = 29 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, 3,000 ducks ha<sup>−1</sup>, 1,000 kg <em>Azolla </em>ha<sup>−1</sup>; and K6 = without N fertilizer, 3,000 ducks ha<sup>−1</sup>, 1,000 kg <em>Azolla </em>ha<sup>−1</sup>. The results showed that the application of 58 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, 3,000 ducks ha<sup>−1</sup>, and 1,000 kg <em>Azolla </em>ha<sup>−1</sup> (K4) was able to decrease the N fertilizer application by 50% and increase the rice growth and yield by 12.17% and 20.32%, respectively. Therefore, the integrated application of rice–duck–<em>Azolla </em>would support sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals The Nitrification Inhibitor Vizura® Reduces N2O Emissions When Added to Digestate before Injection under Irrigated Maize in the Po Valley (Northern Italy)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Ermido Chiodini ◽  
Alessia Perego ◽  
Marco Carozzi ◽  
Marco Acutis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The agricultural area in the Po Valley is prone to high nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions as it is characterized by irrigated maize-based cropping systems, high amounts of nitrogen supplied, and elevated air temperature in summer. Here, two monitoring campaigns were carried out in maize fertilized with raw digestate in a randomized block design in 2016 and 2017 to test the effectiveness of the 3, 4 DMPP inhibitor Vizura® on reducing N2O-N emissions. Digestate was injected into 0.15 m soil depth at side-dressing (2016) and before sowing (2017). Non-steady state chambers were used to collect N2O-N air samples under zero N fertilization (N0), digestate (D), and digestate + Vizura® (V). Overall, emissions were significantly higher in the D treatment than in the V treatment in both 2016 and 2017. The emission factor (EF, %) of V was two and four times lower than the EF in D in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Peaks of NO3-N generally resulted in N2O-N emissions peaks, especially during rainfall or irrigation events. The water-filled pore space (WFPS, %) did not differ between treatments and was generally below 60%, suggesting that N2O-N emissions were mainly due to nitrification rather than denitrification.

scholarly journals Use of growth retardants in wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Espindula ◽  
V.S. Rocha ◽  
J.A.S. Grossi ◽  
M.A. Souza ◽  
L.T. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Randomized Block Design

In general, lodging has been controlled by restricting nitrogen fertilizer application and/or using short cultivars. Growth retardants can also be used to solve this problem.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rates and application times of three growth retardants on Pioneiro wheat cultivar. The trial was carried out in Viçosa-MG, from May to September 2005, in a factorial and hierarchical scheme, in a randomized block design with four replications and a control treatment. The treatments consisted of 500, 1,000 and 1,500 g ha-1 of chlormequat; 62.5, 125 and 187.5 g ha-1 of trinexapac-ethyl and 40, 80 and 120 g ha-1 of paclobutrazol applied at growth stages 6 or 8, growth stage used on the scale of Feeks and Large, and a control treatment without growth retardant application. Only trinexapac-ethyl and chlormequat were efficient in reducing plant height; the effect of chlormequat and paclobutrazol on plant height was independent of the application time, but the trinexapac-ethyl at growth stage 8 produced shorter plant height than at stage 6. Increasing growth retardant rates produced shorter plant heights; chlormequat and paclobutrazol did not affect grain yield. However, the highest trinexapac-ethyl rates reduced wheat yield.

scholarly journals Serapan Hara N, P, K dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung Pada Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Anorganik dan Organik di Tanah Inceptisol

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Mulyati Mulyati ◽  
Baharuddin AB ◽  
R Sri Tejo Wulan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

The use of inorganic fertilizers has an important role in increasing plant growth and production. But it also causes various problems such as decreasing soil organic matter, soil acidity, soil degradation, nutrient imbalance and increasing environmental pollution. Therefore, it needs to be balanced with the provision of organic fertilizers. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of application of various doses of inorganic and organic fertilizers on N, P, K nutrient uptake and maize plant growth. The experimental design used was a randomized block design arranged in a factorial manner consisting of two factors. The first factor is the dose of inorganic fertilizer (A): 0, 150 and 300 kg ha-1 phonska and the second factor is organic fertilizer plus (P): 0, 10, 20 tons ha-1. The two factors were combined and each treatment combination was repeated three times. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance at the 5% level of significance. The results showed that there was no interaction between the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers on the growth and nutrient uptake of N, P and K. However, the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers had a significant effect on all tested agronomic traits except for plant height. Nutrient uptake of N, P and K also increased significantly due to the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. The balance of inorganic and organic fertilizer application increases the availability of nutrients as well as the uptake of N, P, and K nutrients by maize plants.

scholarly journals Cycle pruning programmed on the grain yield of arabica coffee

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Corona Baitelle ◽  
Abraão Carlos Verdin Filho ◽  
Sílvio de Jesus Freitas ◽  
Guilherme Bessa Miranda ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches ◽  
Productive Development

ABSTRACT The cycle pruning programmed is a reinvigoration technique widely employed in Conilon coffee. This strategy may also be adopted for Arabica coffee to increase its crop longevity and yield. In this scenario, the present study proposes to examine the influence of the cycle pruning programmed on the vegetative and productive development of Arabica coffee. The experiment was developed in the field as a randomized-block design with four replicates. Treatments were tested in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of four stem densities (4000, 8000, 12000 or 16000 stems ha-1) and two management strategies for the removal of plagiotropic branches (annual or biennial removal of branches which had reached 70% or more of their production capacity). For some variables, the treatments were organized as a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in which the last factor corresponded to two regions of data collection in the plant (upper or lower). For all factorial arrangements, an additional treatment (control) was employed corresponding to traditional pruning (recepa). Annual or biennial removal of plagiotropic branches which had attained 70% or more of their production capacity can be adopted with no losses to crop yield. The cycle pruning programmed improves the distribution of branches, increases canopy area and prevents the occurrence of the “naked neck” phenomenon, observed in control treatment. Additionally, it provides better agronomic and productive performance; therefore, it can be used as a substitute for recepa.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characteristics and productivity of tomato plants in function of nitrogen sources and doses

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Silva Assunção ◽  
Natalia Oliveira Silva ◽  
Flávio Lemes Fernandes ◽  
Leonardo Angelo de Aquino ◽  
Maria Elisa De Sena Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tomato Plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources and rates on the physicochemical characteristics and yield of tomato plants. Forty hybrids were cultivated at 100 and 400 kg ha-1 of N, combined with four sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and calcium), plus a treatment without N application in a randomized complete block design four replicates. Size, stem diameter, number of leaves, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), leaf nitrogen, number of fruits / plants, fruit firmness, bark thickness and average fruit size, ° BRIX, pH, calcium, potassium and sodium in fruits. There was an increase in SPAD index, Brix and longitudinal diameter of fruits as a function of the N dose. The use of ammonium nitrate and calcium provided stronger fruits. Urea and ammonium nitrate provided the highest pH value in tomato fruits. The application of the 100 kg ha-1 dose of N resulted in the highest potassium content in fruits. The highest productivity was obtained with the application of sources containing ammonium and the lowest in the control treatment. Sources and doses of nitrogen fertilizers influenced growth, productivity and parameters related to tomato quality.  

PENGARUH ASAM FULVAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKTIVITAS, DAN MUTU RIMPANG JAHE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
MUHAMAD DJAZULI ◽  
IRENG DARWATI ◽  
ROSITA SMD
Keyword(s):  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Optimal Effect

Fulvic acid is an extraction product of humus which is very potential for supplement fertilizer and able to reduce either inorganic or organic fertilizer application. The information about fulvic acid application as supplement fertilizer on ginger in Indonesia is still limited. The objective of the study was lo find oul the efect of fulvic acid as supplement fertilizer on the growth, productivity and quality of young ginger. A green house trial was conducted from July lo November 1996. Five levels of fulvic acid concentration, 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% were sprayed every week from 4 to 1 5 weeks ater planting (WAP). A randomized block design was used with five replicates. The results indicated that the growth of plant height and number of tiller of ginger increased rapidly al 8 WAP, then il became slowly from 12 lo 1 5 WAP Application 10% of fulvic acid was able to increase vegetative parts 99.6%, fresh and dry weight of rhizome 89 and 125% respectively, and starch content of rhizome 22.6%. To find oul of the optimal effect of fulvic acid on productivity and quality of ginger, a further research using higher level and application frequency of fulvic acid as an extract product from several humus types in Indonesia is needed.

scholarly journals INOCULATION OF DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN TOPDRESSING IN IRRIGATED CORN

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
VANESSA ZIRONDI LONGHINI ◽  
WÉSLEY CARLOS ROSSINI DE SOUZA ◽  
MARCELO ANDREOTTI ◽  
NATALIA DE ÁVILA SOARES ◽  
NÍDIA RAQUEL COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Corn Grain

ABSTRACT: Corn is a nitrogen-intensive crop, and the use of management practices such as inoculation of the seed with diazotrophic bacteria, which can maximize crop productivity and reduce the need of nitrogen fertilizers, may result in lower production costs. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation of corn seed with Azospirillum brasilense and controlled addition of nitrogen to topdressing on the nutrition, production components, and productivity of crop grain. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with four replications in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of inoculation or not of corn seed with A. brasilense (at 100 mL per 25 kg of seed) and five nitrogen (N) levels in topdressing (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha-1 from urea [45% N]) were applied when the corn was in the phenological growth stage V6. Foliar macronutrients, foliar chlorophyll index (FCI), production components, and yield of corn grain were valuated. Inoculation of corn seeds with A. brasilense increased plant height and grain yield. Fertilization in topdressing, with N levels up to 120 kg ha-1, linearly increased the foliar nutrients and productivity of corn cultivated in the spring/summer in the low-altitude Cerrado region of Brazil.

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