scholarly journals Towards a modernized Copernicus Climate and Atmosphere Data Stores.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Alos ◽  
Baudouin Raoult ◽  
James Varndell ◽  
Edward Comyn-Platt ◽  
Chiara Cagnazzo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Full Advantage ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Data Store

<p>The Climate (CDS) and Atmosphere (ADS) Data Stores are instances of a common  underlaying infrastructure historically referred as CDS. Data Stores supports the implementation of the Climate Change (C3S) and Atmosphere Monitoring (CAMS) Services under the auspices of Copernicus, the European Union's Earth Observation Programme and entrusted for implementation to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).  Both are highly visible web-based services currently gathering a vibrant community of users, including policymakers, businesses and scientists, helping them to investigate and tackle climate change and atmosphere monitoring challenges.</p><p>CDS infrastructure is designed as a distributed system and an open framework which provides web-based and API-based retrieve facilities to a wide and expanding catalogue of datasets, applications and other digital information. It also provides a development platform (Toolbox) which allow the creation of web-based applications operating on the datasets and products available in the catalogue. These applications are subsequently made available to end-users. Infrastructure is hosted in a dedicated in-house Cloud environment.</p><p>Having grown at steady rate in terms of users, functionality, workload and available content since their official opening the infrastructure is now looking forward to be further improved in the coming phase of Copernicus driven by the following objectives:</p><ul><li>capitalize operational experience, user feedback, lessons learned and know-how from current Data Stores to move into a modern, more reliable and interoperable platform;</li> <li>uptake modernised technologies and standards which have evolved since the initial implementation of the current infrastructure;</li> <li>evolve the system architecture as to take full advantage of cloud computing technologies and underlaying cloud infrastructure as containerization.</li> <li>embrace open source scientific software and ensure compatibility with state-of-the-art solutions such as machine learning, data cubes and interactive notebooks;</li> <li>strengthen synergies with DIAS WEkEO platform and improve the capacity, efficiency, interoperability and reliability of shared interfaces and resources;</li> <li>provide improved and flexible access to data and toolbox capabilities from multiple development platforms;</li> </ul><p>One of the components at the core of this reengineering exercise will be the Toolbox.  The foundation of this future toolbox implementation will be a suite of quality-assured, open source Python libraries for performing scientific analysis and visualisation, ensuring compatibility with a broader range of Python tools already familiar to the scientific community. Implementation will support two different functioning modes. In one hand a toolbox integrated<strong> </strong>within the <em>Data Store </em>web portal, providing fast and efficient access to catalogued data by taking full advantage of available computation resources and functionalities provided by the in-house Cloud infrastructure. An in the other a standalone version which will allow users to install and run toolbox software locally.</p><p>Platforms mentioned above can be accessed here: Climate Data Store (http://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/), Atmosphere Data Store (http://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/ ), DIAS WEkEO (https://www.wekeo.eu/).</p>

scholarly journals ASSESSING AND ADDRESSING CLIMATE-INDUCED RISK IN SUB-SAHARAN RAINFED AGRICULTURE: LESSONS LEARNED

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. COE ◽  
R. D. STERN
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
List Type ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Pastoral Systems

SUMMARYA defining characteristic of many rainfed tropical agricultural systems is their vulnerability to weather variability. There is now increased attention paid to climate-agriculture links as the world is focused on climate change. This has shown the need for increased understanding of current and future climate and the links to agricultural investment decisions, particularly farmers’ decisions, and that integrated strategies for coping with climate change need to start with managing current climate risk. Research, largely from an Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) project to demonstrate the value of such increased understanding, is presented in this issue of the journal. Key lessons from this research are as follows: 1.Statistical methods of analysis of historical climate data that are relevant to agriculture need not be complex. The most critical point is to describe the climate in terms of events of direct relevance to farming (such as the date of the start of a rainy season) rather than simple standard measures (such as annual total rainfall).2.Analysis requires access to relevant data, tools and expertise. Daily climate data, both current and historical, are primarily the responsibility of national meteorological services (NMS). Accessing such data, particularly daily data, is not always easy. Including staff from the NMS as research partners, not just data providers, can reduce this problem.3.Farmers’ perceptions of climate variation, risk and change are complex. They are keenly aware of variability, but there is evidence that they over-estimate risks of negative impacts and thereby fail to make use of good conditions when they occur. There is also evidence that multiple causes of changes are confounded, so farmers who observe decreasing crop production may not be distinguishing between rainfall change and declining soil fertility or other conditions. Hence any project working with farmers’ coping and adaptation to climate must also have access to analyses of observed climate data from nearby recording stations.4.Mechanisms for reducing and coping with risks are exemplified in pastoral systems that exist in the most variable environments. New approaches to risk transfer, such as index-based insurance, show potential for positive impact.5.Skilful seasonal forecasts, which give a better indication of the coming season than a simple average, would help farmers take decisions for the coming cropping season. Increasing meteorological knowledge shows that such forecasting is possible for parts of Africa. There are institutional barriers to farmers accessing and using the forecast information. Furthermore, the skill of the forecasts is currently limited so that there are maybe still only a few rational choices for a farmer to make on the basis of a forecast.With the justified current interest in climate and agriculture, all stakeholders including researchers, data providers, policy developers and extension workers will need to work together to ensure that interventions are based on a correct interpretation of a valid analysis of relevant data.

scholarly journals Using ERA-Interim Reanalysis output for creating datasets of energy-relevant climate variables

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Jones ◽  
Colin Harpham ◽  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Benoit Gschwind ◽  
Thierry Ranchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Bias Adjustment ◽  
Dewpoint Temperature ◽  
Data Store

Abstract. The construction of a bias-adjusted dataset of climate variables at the near surface using ERA-Interim Reanalysis is presented. A number of different bias-adjustment approaches have been proposed. Here we modify the parameters of different distributions (depending on the variable), adjusting those calculated from ERA-Interim to those based on gridded station or direct station observations. The variables are air temperature, dewpoint temperature, precipitation (daily only), solar radiation, wind speed and relative humidity, available at either 3 or 6 h timescales over the period 1979-2014. This dataset is available to anyone through the Climate Data Store (CDS) of the Copernicus Climate Change Data Store (C3S), and can be accessed at present from (ftp://ecem.climate.copernicus.eu). The benefit of performing bias-adjustment is demonstrated by comparing initial and bias-adjusted ERA-Interim data against observations.

scholarly journals Using ERA-Interim reanalysis for creating datasets of energy-relevant climate variables

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Jones ◽  
Colin Harpham ◽  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Benoit Gschwind ◽  
Thierry Ranchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Bias Adjustment ◽  
Dewpoint Temperature ◽  
Data Store

Abstract. The construction of a bias-adjusted dataset of climate variables at the near surface using ERA-Interim reanalysis is presented. A number of different, variable-dependent, bias-adjustment approaches have been proposed. Here we modify the parameters of different distributions (depending on the variable), adjusting ERA-Interim based on gridded station or direct station observations. The variables are air temperature, dewpoint temperature, precipitation (daily only), solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity. These are available on either 3 or 6 h timescales over the period 1979–2016. The resulting bias-adjusted dataset is available through the Climate Data Store (CDS) of the Copernicus Climate Change Data Store (C3S) and can be accessed at present from ftp://ecem.climate.copernicus.eu. The benefit of performing bias adjustment is demonstrated by comparing initial and bias-adjusted ERA-Interim data against gridded observational fields.

ESA CCI and C3S Soil Moisture: latest product updates and climate assessments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Dorigo ◽  
Wolfgang Preimesberger ◽  
Adam Pasik ◽  
Alexander Gruber ◽  
Leander Moesinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Change Initiative ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Data Store ◽  
Climate Data Record ◽  
Level 2

<p>As part of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) a more than 40 year long climate data record (CDR) is produced by systematically combining Level-2 datasets from separate missions. Combining multiple level 2 datasets into a single consistent long-term product combines the advantages of individual missions and allows deriving a harmonised long-term record with optimal spatial and temporal coverage. The current version of ESA CCI Soil Moisture includes a PASSIVE (radiometer-based) dataset covering the period 1978 to 2019, an ACTIVE (scatterometer-based) product covering the period 1991-2019 and a COMBINED product (1978-2019). </p><p>The European Commission’s Copernicus Climate Changes Service (C3S) uses the ESA CCI soil moisture algorithm to produce similar climate data records from near-real-time Level-2 data streams.  These products are continuously extended within 10 days after data acquisition and instantaneously made available through the C3S Climate Data Store. In addition to a daily product, monthly aggregates as well as a dekadal (10-days) products are produced.</p><p>In this presentation we give an overview of the latest developments of the ESA CCI and C3S Soil Moisture datasets, which include the integration of SMAP and various algorithmic updates, and use the datasets to assess the hydrological conditions of 2019 with respect to a 30-year historical baseline.</p><p>The development of the ESA CCI products has been supported by ESA’s Climate Change Initiative for Soil Moisture (Contract No. 4000104814/11/I-NB and 4000112226/14/I-NB). The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) soil moisture product is funded by the Copernicus Climate Change Service implemented by ECMWF through C3S 312b Lot 7 Soil Moisture service.</p>

Implementing the open-source Koha-ILS at the Deutsche Schule Charlotte

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin D. House
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Online Support ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to present the successful implementation of the Koha-integrated library system (ILS) for libraries that seek an open-source alternative. This study is best suited for small libraries with limited collections and limited funding. The selection process between Koha and Evergreen is described, as is cataloging, patron setup and library workflow changes. Finally, lessons learned are presented. Design/methodology/approach This is a case study which describes the events as they occurred between 2013 and 2014. Findings The Koha-ILS appears to be the open-source system with the most online support, easiest to install and manage. Although the experience of libraries may vary, the Deutsche Schule Charlotte library took the pragmatic approach. Koha was chosen because it could be successfully installed, had an intuitive and web-based interface and could be easily explained to volunteers. Research limitations/implications This is a single case study at a very small library. Practical implications This study broadly demonstrates the requirements for implementing the Koha-ILS and how it can be accomplished even with library volunteers. Social implications The Koha-ILS can be a good alternative, despite limitations, for small libraries who need a robust ILS system with few bells and whistles. Originality/value This study presents a finite view of the implementation and use of the Koha-ILS. The physical setting, availability of capable volunteers and administration’s willingness to experiment with a system may not be reproducible in other locales.

scholarly journals UNJUK KERJA APLIKASI DIGITAL SIGNAGE XIBO PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN PAPAN PENGUMUMAN DIGITAL DI JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketut Udy Ariawan
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Digital Signage ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Bulletin Boards ◽  
Notice Board ◽  
The Media ◽  
Operation Results ◽  
Available Information

Pendidikan Ganesha telah memanfaatkan media website sebagai sarana penyampaian informasi. Namun dalam lingkungan internal jurusan masih juga menggunakan cara konvensional dengan menempel lembar pengumuman pada papan informasi yang tersedia. Di era digital, papan pengumuman bermigrasi dari bentuk konvensional ke bentuk digital, sehingga dikenal istilah digital signage. Bentuk digital signage yang sering diterapkan saat ini adalah menggunakan seperangkat komputer yang dihubungkan ke satu atau beberapa buah TV Plasma untuk menampilkan informasi. Salah satu aplikasi digital signage yang mendukung proses pembuatan papan pengumuman digital dan berbasis Web adalah XIBO yang bersifat open source. Pada penelitian ini, proses pembuatan papan pengumuman digital dilakukan dengan cara membuat sebuah sistem yang terdiri dari komposisi software (XIBO, Web Hosting, dan Internet) dan hardware (PC Server, PC Client, dan TV Plasma). Aplikasi XIBO yang digunakan terdiri dari XIBO CMS untuk diinstallkan pada web hosting melalui PC Server, XIBO CLIENT FOR WINDOWS untuk diinstallkan pada PC Client agar bisa terhubung dengan PC Server, dan TV Plasma digunakan untuk menampilkan display hasil desain konten papan pengumuman digital yang telah dibuat agar terlihat lebih tajam, cerah, dan besar jika dibandingkan menggunakan monitor komputer biasa. Penerapan XIBO pada web hosting dimaksudkan agar proses pembuatan desain konten papan pengumuman digital dan jadwal tayangnya dapat dilakukan secara online, dimana saja, dan kapan saja oleh admin, sehingga hal ini akan menjadikan digital signage lebih efektif dan efisien dari segi waktu, tenaga, dan biaya serta mudah dalam hal pengoperasiannya. Hasil penelitian ini nantinya diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi pada sarana penyampaian informasi secara digital terutama dalam bidang periklanan/advertising. Kata-kata kunci: Digital Signage, Web Hosting, XIBO. ABSTRACT During this time the Department of Electrical Engineering at the Faculty of Technical and Vocational Ganesha University of Education has been using the media as a means of delivering information website. But in the internal environment department was also using the conventional way with an announcement on a board attached sheet available information. In the digital era, bulletin boards migrate from conventional forms to digital form, so that the technical term is digital signage. Forms of digital signage is often applied at this time is to use a computer that is connected to one or a few pieces of Plasma TVs to display the information. One digital signage applications that support the process of making digital bulletin boards and Web-based is Xibo that is open source. In this research, the process of making a digital notice board is done by creating a system consisting of software composition (Xibo, Web Hosting, and Internet) and hardware (PC Server, PC Client, and Plasma TVs). Applications Xibo used consisted of Xibo CMS for installed on web hosting through a PC Server, Xibo CLIENT FOR WINDOWS for installed on the PC Client to be connected to a PC server, and Plasma TV used to show display design results content announcement board digital has been made to look sharper, brighter, and large when compared to using a regular computer monitor. Application of Xibo web hosting is so that the process of making content design bulletin boards digital and schedule slot can be done online, anywhere and anytime by admin, so this will make the digital signage is more effective and efficient in terms of time, effort, and expense as well as easy in operation. Results of this research is expected to contribute to the means of delivering digital information, especially in the field of advertising. Keywords: Digital Signage, Web Hosting, Xibo.

scholarly journals Mapping the climate: guidance on appropriate techniques to map climate variables and their uncertainty

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Kaye ◽  
A. Hartley ◽  
D. Hemming
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Mapping Approach ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Maps are a crucial asset in communicating climate science to a diverse audience, and there is a wealth of software available to analyse and visualise climate information. However, this availability makes it easy to create poor maps as users often lack an underlying cartographic knowledge. Unlike traditional cartography, where many known standards allow maps to be interpreted easily, there is no standard mapping approach used to represent uncertainty (in climate or other information). Consequently, a wide range of techniques have been applied for this purpose, and users may spend unnecessary time trying to understand the mapping approach rather than interpreting the information presented. Furthermore, communicating and visualising uncertainties in climate data and climate change projections, using for example ensemble based approaches, presents additional challenges for mapping that require careful consideration. The aim of this paper is to provide background information and guidance on suitable techniques for mapping climate variables, including uncertainty. We assess a range of existing and novel techniques for mapping variables and uncertainties, comparing "intrinsic" approaches that use colour in much the same way as conventional thematic maps with "extrinsic" approaches that incorporate additional geometry such as points or features. Using cartographic knowledge and lessons learned from mapping in different disciplines we propose the following 6 general mapping guidelines to develop a suitable mapping technique that represents both magnitude and uncertainty in climate data: – use a sensible sequential or diverging colour scheme; – use appropriate colour symbolism if it is applicable; – ensure the map is usable by colour blind people; – use a data classification scheme that does not misrepresent the data; – use a map projection that does not distort the data – attempt to be visually intuitive to understand. Using these guidelines, we suggest an approach to map climate variables with associated uncertainty, that can be easily replicated for a wide range of climate mapping applications. It is proposed this technique would provide a consistent approach suitable for mapping information for the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5).

scholarly journals WOF-SWAT: A Web-Based Open-Source Framework for Investigating the Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities Through Online Simulation and Visualization of SWAT Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Dejian Zhang ◽  
Wenjie Fu ◽  
Qiaoying Lin ◽  
Xingwei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Open Source Framework ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

This study developed a web-based open-source framework based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), named WOF-SWAT (web-based open-source framework for SWAT), to investigate individual and combined impacts of climate change, land use change, and point-source pollutants on watershed-scale hydrological and chemical processes. The architecture, workflows, interfaces, and key processes of WOF-SWAT are described and discussed. Using a previously developed well-calibrated hydrological model of the Jinjiang River basin, four scenarios were simulated in WOF-SWAT and other traditional desktop-based tools (i.e., ArcSWAT and SWAT-CUP) to examine the credibility, efficiency, and functionality of WOF-SWAT. The results show that, in combination with a well-calibrated watershed model, WOF-SWAT is sufficiently sound and reasonable to investigate individual and combined impacts of climate change, land use change, and point-source pollutants. We thus conclude that WOF-SWAT can be used as a substitute for other tools to carry out similar tasks in a web-based environment while providing more user-friendly interfaces, accessibility, and efficiency. We also discuss ongoing and possible future efforts to develop WOF-SWAT into a fully-fledged watershed research and management framework.

scholarly journals Mapping the climate: guidance on appropriate techniques to map climate variables and their uncertainty

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1875-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Kaye ◽  
A. Hartley ◽  
D. Hemming
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Mapping Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Other Information

Abstract. Maps are a crucial asset in communicating climate science to a diverse audience, and there is a wealth of software available to analyse and visualise climate information. However, this availability makes it easy to create poor maps as users often lack an underlying cartographic knowledge. Furthermore, communicating and visualising uncertainties in climate data and climate change projections, using for example ensemble based approaches, presents additional challenges for mapping that require careful consideration. This paper assesses a range of techniques for mapping uncertainties, comparing "intrinsic" approaches that use colour in much the same way as conventional thematic maps, and "extrinsic" approaches that incorporate additional geometry such as points or features. We proposes that, unlike traditional cartography, where many known standards allow maps to be interpreted easily, there is no standard mapping approach used to represent uncertainty (in climate or other information). Consequently, a wide range of techniques have been applied for this purpose, and users may spend unnecessary time trying to understand the mapping approach rather than interpreting the information presented. We use cartographic knowledge and lessons learned from mapping other information to propose a suitable mapping technique that represents both magnitude and uncertainty in climate data. This technique adjusts the hue of a small palette of colours to show the mean or median of a climate variable, and the saturation of the colour to illustrate a measure of uncertainty. It is designed to be easy to replicate, visible to colour blind people and intuitive to understand. This technique may be utilised to map a wide range of climate data, and it is proposed that it would provide a consistent approach suitable for mapping information for the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5).

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