Nano to Mini satellite and dedicated instruments: a new opportunity for planetary exploration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Goldberg ◽  
Stefaan Van wal ◽  
Alain Herique ◽  
Yves Rogez ◽  
Ozgur Karatekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Planetary Body

<p>Large planetary science missions carry a suite of instruments that must negotiate observations and priorities to fulfill their scientific objectives.  A new paradigm of mission brings use of deployable nano-spacecraft as independent operating observers to provide added science.  As in the case of the Hera mission, the Hera mothercraft will carry through the cruise phase two small CubeSats and deploy them once in the vicinity of the Didymos asteroid system.  These small CubeSats are able to navigate relative to the observing planetary body and conduct meaningful science through 1-2 miniaturized instruments.  </p> <p>The Juventas CubeSat for Hera will be discussed along with presentation of its low frequency radar, JuRa.  Its scientific objectives and contribution to the Hera and AIDA objectives will be presented.</p>

scholarly journals Early Event-related Potential Effects of Syllabic Processing during Visual Word Recognition

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1803-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Carreiras ◽  
Marta Vergara ◽  
Horacio Barber
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Early Event ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
N400 Component

A number of behavioral studies have suggested that syllables might play an important role in visual word recognition in some languages. We report two event-related potential (ERP) experiments using a new paradigm showing that syllabic units modulate early ERP components. In Experiment 1, words and pseudowords were presented visually and colored so that there was a match or a mismatch between the syllable boundaries and the color boundaries. The results showed color-syllable congruency effects in the time window of the P200. Lexicality modulated the N400 amplitude, but no effects of this variable were obtained at the P200 window. In Experiment 2, high-and low-frequency words and pseudowords were presented in the congruent and incongruent conditions. The results again showed congruency effects at the P200 for low-frequency words and pseudowords, but not for high-frequency words. Lexicality and lexical frequency effects showed up at the N400 component. The results suggest a dissociation between syllabic and lexical effects with important consequences for models of visual word recognition.

The Wolfspar® Field Trial: Testing a new paradigm for low-frequency 3-D velocity surveys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dellinger ◽  
A. Brenders ◽  
R. Pool ◽  
C. Kanu ◽  
Q. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Trial Testing

scholarly journals Low-frequency fluctuation in continuous real-time feedback of finger force: a new paradigm for sustained attention

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang-Ye Dong ◽  
Dong-Qiang Liu ◽  
Jue Wang ◽  
Zhao Qing ◽  
Zhen-Xiang Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Fluctuation ◽  
Finger Force ◽  
New Paradigm

When funding fails: Planetary exploration at NASA in an era of austerity, 1967–1976

2021 ◽  
pp. 030631272110219
Author(s):  
David Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Science Funding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fiscal Crises

We can learn most about how science funding works when it stops working. Like moments of breakdown surfacing the inner workings of infrastructure, periodic fiscal crises reveal the social life of science funds at the level of everyday practice. Through a case study of NASA-funded planetary science in an era of austerity, the article explores how scientists navigate uncertain funding environments and articulate financially defensible projects. Examining the development of the Mariner 10 mission to Venus and Mercury in the aftermath of a significant downturn in science support, the article offers a middle path between the macro-politics of government funding and the micro-politics of doing science. In shaping how the mission was conceived and later operated, Mariner 10’s cost-driven paradigm translated the austerity of the period into the projectized work of robotic spaceflight missions.

Planetary Atmospheres and Surface simulation Chamber (PASC): A platform for planetary exploration and astrobiology applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Mateo-Marti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria

<p>Even though space missions provide fundamental and unique knowledge for planetary exploration, they are always costly and extremely time-consuming. Due to the obvious technical and economical limitations for <em>in-situ</em> planetary exploration; laboratory simulations are one of the most feasible research options to make advances both in planetary science and in a consistent description of the origin of life.  Planetary Atmosphere and Surfaces Chamber (PASC) are able to simulated atmosphere and surface temperature for the majority of the planetary objects and they are especially appropriate to study physico-chemical and biological changes induced in a particular sample due to in-situ irradiation in a controlled environment (1). Number of relevant applications in planetary exploration will be described in order to provide an understanding about the potential and flexibility of planetary simulation chambers systems: mainly, stability and presence of certain minerals on Mars surface; photochemistry process on molecules and microorganisms potential habitability under planetary environmental conditions would be studied. Furthermore, UV-photocatalytic process on mineral surfaces has shown species potential fixation (2-6). Therefore, simulation chambers assess several multidisciplinary and challenging planetary and astrobiological studies. Furthermore, will be a promising tools and necessary platform to design future planetary space mission and to validate in-situ measurements from orbital or rover observations.</p> <p>References:</p> <p>1.- Mateo-Martí, E.; Prieto-Ballesteros, O.; Sobrado, J. M.; Gómez-Elvira, J. and Martín-Gago, J. A. 2006. “A chamber for studying planetary environments and its applications to astrobiology”. <strong><em>Measurement and Science Technology</em> </strong>17, 2274-2280.</p> <p>2.- E. Mateo-Marti*, S. Galvez-Martinez, C. Gil-Lozano and María-Paz Zorzano. “Pyrite-induced uv-photocatalytic abiotic nitrogen fixation: implications for early atmospheres and Life”.<strong> </strong><strong>Scientific reports</strong>  9: 15311-1--9 (2019).</p> <p>3.- E. J. Cueto Díaz, S. Galvez-Martinez, Mª C.Torquemada Vico, M. P. Valles González and E. Mateo-Marti*. ”2-D organization of silica nanoparticles on gold surfaces: CO<sub>2</sub> marker detection and storage”. <strong>RSC Advances</strong>,<strong> </strong>10, 31758 (2020).</p> <p>4.- C. Gil‑Lozano*, A. G. Fairén*, V.Muñoz‑Iglesias, M. Fernández‑Sampedro, O. Prieto‑Ballesteros, L. Gago‑Duport, E.Losa‑Adams, D.Carrizo, Janice L. Bishop, T.Fornaro and E. Mateo-Marti<strong> </strong>“Constraining the preservation of organic compounds in Mars analog nontronites after exposure to acid and alkaline fluids”<strong> </strong><strong>Scientific reports,</strong>  20, 71657-9 (2020).</p> <p>5.- Zorzano, M. P.; Mateo-Martí, E.; Prieto-Ballesteros, O.; Osuna, S. and Renno, N. 2009. “The stability of liquid saline water on present day Mars”.<em> <strong>Geophys. Res. Lett.</strong></em><strong> </strong> 36, L20201.</p> <p>6.- Gomez, F., Mateo-Martı´, E., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Martın-Gago, J.A., Amils, R., 2010. “Protection of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria exposed to simulated mars environmental conditions”. <strong>Icarus</strong> 209, 482–487.</p>

scholarly journals China’s Lunar and Planetary Data System: Preserve and Present Reliable Chang’e Project and Tianwen-1 Scientific Data Sets

2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zuo ◽  
Chunlai Li ◽  
Zhoubin Zhang ◽  
Xingguo Zeng ◽  
Yuxuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Science ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Data System ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Data Archive ◽  
Planetary Data System ◽  
International Data ◽  
Science Community

AbstractData infrastructure systems such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Planetary Data System (PDS), European Space Agency (ESA) Planetary Data Archive (PSA)and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Data Archive and Transmission System (DARTS) archive large amounts of scientific data obtained through dozens of planetary exploration missions and have made great contributions to studies of lunar and planetary science. Since China started lunar exploration activities in 2007, the Ground Research and Application System (GRAS), one of the five systems developed as part of China’s Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP) and the Planetary Exploration of China (PEC), has gradually established China’s Lunar and Planetary Data System (CLPDS), which involves the archiving, management and long-term preservation of scientific data from China’s lunar and planetary missions; additionally, data are released according to the policies established by the China National Space Administration (CNSA). The scientific data archived by the CLPDS are among the most important achievements of the CLEP and PEC and provide a resource for the international planetary science community. The system plays a key and important role in helping scientists obtain fundamental and original research results, advancing studies of lunar and planetary science in China, and improving China’s international influence in the field of lunar and planetary exploration. This paper, starting from CLEP and PEC mission planning, explains the sources, classification, format and content of the lunar and Mars exploration data archived in the CLPDS. Additionally, the system framework and core functions of the system, such as data archiving, management and release, are described. The system can be used by the international planetary science community to comprehensively understand the data obtained in the CLEP and PEC, help scientists easily access and better use the available data resources, and contribute to fundamental studies of international lunar and planetary science. Moreover, since China has not yet systematically introduced the CLPDS, through this article, international data organizations could learn about this advanced system. Therefore, opportunities for international data cooperation can be created, and the data service capability of the CLPDS can be improved, thus promoting global data sharing and application for all humankind.

scholarly journals Back to the Future? The Fallopian Tube, Precursor Escape and a Dualistic Model of High-Grade Serous Carcinogenesis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rinda Soong ◽  
David Kolin ◽  
Nathan Teschan ◽  
Christopher Crum
Keyword(s):  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Advanced Malignancy ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility Genes

Beginning with the discovery of the BRCA ovarian cancer susceptibility genes and subsequent detailed examination of risk reduction salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) specimens, a new paradigm of ovarian carcinogenesis has unfolded with attention to the distal fallopian tube. The primary focus has been an early cancer in the fallopian tube which is seen in virtually all incidentally discovered high-grade serous cancers in asymptomatic women. This high-frequency of tubal involvement in early serous cancer - serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma or STIC - has galvanized attention to this organ as a primary source of this disease. However, an enduring mystery has been the relatively low frequency of STIC in fallopian tubes of women with advanced malignancy. This paradox, a high-frequency of tubal involvement early and a low-frequency late in the disease process has spurred interest in other potential sources, such as the ovarian surface or secondary Mullerian system. However, because essentially all high-grade serous carcinomas are linked by TP53 mutations, and because fallopian tubes frequently contain early serous proliferations (ESPs) with these mutations, attention has turned to the possibility that nonmalignant but TP53 mutated tubal epithelium could be responsible for an eventual malignancy. Recent data have shown evidence of lineage continuity between ESPs and concurrent serous carcinomas prompting the concept of "precursor escape". This creates a 2nd component of the paradigm by which cells from early lesions can escape the fallopian tube and undergo future malignant transformation later, emerging suddenly as widespread malignancy. This dualistic model thus explains the paradox and opens new questions pertaining to the challenge of both early detection and prevention of this lethal malignancy.

scholarly journals Planck intermediate results

2017 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. A122 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Y. Akrami ◽  
M. Ashdown ◽  
J. Aumont ◽  
C. Baccigalupi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Atacama Cosmology Telescope ◽  
Adopted Model ◽  
Model Predictions

Measurements of flux density are described for five planets, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, across the six Planck High Frequency Instrument frequency bands (100–857 GHz) and these are then compared with models and existing data. In our analysis, we have also included estimates of the brightness of Jupiter and Saturn at the three frequencies of the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (30, 44, and 70 GHz). The results provide constraints on the intrinsic brightness and the brightness time-variability of these planets. The majority of the planet flux density estimates are limited by systematic errors, but still yield better than 1% measurements in many cases. Applying data from Planck HFI, the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) to a model that incorporates contributions from Saturn’s rings to the planet’s total flux density suggests a best fit value for the spectral index of Saturn’s ring system of βring = 2.30 ± 0.03 over the 30–1000 GHz frequency range. Estimates of the polarization amplitude of the planets have also been made in the four bands that have polarization-sensitive detectors (100–353 GHz); this analysis provides a 95% confidence level upper limit on Mars’s polarization of 1.8, 1.7, 1.2, and 1.7% at 100, 143, 217, and 353 GHz, respectively. The average ratio between the Planck-HFI measurements and the adopted model predictions for all five planets (excluding Jupiter observations for 353 GHz) is 1.004, 1.002, 1.021, and 1.033 for 100, 143, 217, and 353 GHz, respectively. Model predictions for planet thermodynamic temperatures are therefore consistent with the absolute calibration of Planck-HFI detectors at about the three-percent level. We compare our measurements with published results from recent cosmic microwave background experiments. In particular, we observe that the flux densities measured by Planck HFI and WMAP agree to within 2%. These results allow experiments operating in the mm-wavelength range to cross-calibrate against Planck and improve models of radiative transport used in planetary science.

Immersive experimentation: A new paradigm for low-frequency acoustic and elastic wave propagation experimentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 1758-1758
Author(s):  
Dirk-Jan van Manen ◽  
Theodor S. Becker ◽  
Nele Börsing ◽  
Henrik R. Thomsen ◽  
Miguel Moleron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Elastic Wave ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Elastic Wave Propagation ◽  
New Paradigm

Modulation-Assisted Machining: A New Paradigm in Material Removal Processes

2011 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Mann ◽  
Yang Guo ◽  
Christopher Saldana ◽  
Ho Yeung ◽  
W. Dale Compton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Contact Condition ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Conventional Machining

Modulation Assisted Machining (MAM), based on controlled superimposition of low-frequency modulation to conventional machining, effects discrete chip formation and disrupts the severe contact condition at the tool-chip interface. The underlying theory of discrete chip formation and its implications are briefly described and illustrated. Benefits such as improved chip management and lubrication, reduction of tool wear, enhanced material removal, particulate manufacturing and surface texturing are highlighted using case studies. MAM represents a new paradigm for machining in that it deliberately employs ‘good vibrations’ to enhance machining performance and capability.

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