Organization of Dust Storms and Synoptic Scale Transport of Dust by Kelvin Waves
Abstract. Based on the large scale transport of dust driven by the winds parallel to the mountains in the Harmattan, Saudi Arabian, and Bodélé Depression dust storms cases, a detailed study of the generation of Kelvin Waves and its possible role in organizing these dust storms and large scale dust transport was accomplished. For this study, observational and numerical model analyses were done in an in depth manner. For this, MERRA reanalysis datasets, WRF simulated high resolution variables, MODIS/Aqua and Terra images, EUMETSAT images, NAAPS aerosol modelling plots, and MERRA-2 dust scattering AOD modelling plots, surface observations, and rawinsonde soundings were analyzed for each of these three case studies. We found there were meso-β scale (horizontal length scale of 20–200 km) adjustment processes resulting in Kelvin waves only in the Harmattan and the Bodélé Depression cases. The Kelvin wave preceded a cold pool accompanying the air behind the large scale cold front instrumental in the major dust storm. We find that this Kelvin wave organized the major dust storm in a narrow zone parallel to the mountains before it expanded upscale (meso-α to synoptic).