scholarly journals OCTOPUS: An Open Cosmogenic Isotope and Luminescence Database

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru T. Codilean ◽  
Henry Munack ◽  
Timothy J. Cohen ◽  
Wanchese M. Saktura ◽  
Andrew Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Fluvial Sediment ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Denudation Rates ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Cosmogenic Radionuclide

Abstract. We present a new open and global database of cosmogenic radionuclide and luminescence measurements in fluvial sediment. With support from the Australian National Data Service (ANDS) we have built infrastructure for hosting and maintaining the data at the University of Wollongong and making this available to the research community via an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) compliant Web Map Service. The cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) part of the database consists of 10Be and 26Al measurements in fluvial sediment samples along with ancillary geospatial vector and raster layers, including sample site, basin outline, digital elevation model, gradient raster, flow direction and flow accumulation rasters, atmospheric pressure raster, and CRN production scaling and topographic shielding factor rasters. Sample metadata is comprehensive and includes all necessary information for the recalculation of denudation rates using CAIRN, an open source program for calculating basin-wide denudation rates from 10Be and 26Al data. Further all data have been recalculated and harmonised using the same program. The luminescence part of the database consists of thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements in fluvial sediment samples from stratigraphic sections and sediment cores from across the Australian continent, and includes ancillary vector and raster geospatial data. The repository and visualisation system enable easy search and discovery of available data. Use of open standards also ensures that data layers are visible to other OGC compliant data sharing services. Thus, OCTOPUS will turn data that was previously invisible to those not within the CRN and luminescence research communities into a findable resource. This aspect is of importance to industry or local government who are yet to discover the value of geochronological data in, amongst others, placing human impacts on the environment into context. The availability of the repository and its associated data curation framework will provide the opportunity for researchers to store, curate, recalculate and re-use previously published but otherwise unusable CRN and luminescence data. This delivers the potential to harness old but valuable data that would otherwise be "lost" to the research community. The streamlined repository and transparent data re-analysis framework will also reduce research time and avoid duplication of effort, which will be highly attractive to other researchers. OCTOPUS can be accessed at https://earth.uow.edu.au. The data collections can also be accessed via the following DOIs: http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/48/5a8367feac9b2 (CRN International), http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/48/5a836cdfac9b5 (CRN Australia), and http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/48/5a836db1ac9b6 (OSL & TL Australia).

scholarly journals OCTOPUS: an open cosmogenic isotope and luminescence database

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2123-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru T. Codilean ◽  
Henry Munack ◽  
Timothy J. Cohen ◽  
Wanchese M. Saktura ◽  
Andrew Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Fluvial Sediment ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Denudation Rates ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Data Layers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cosmogenic Radionuclide

Abstract. We present a database of cosmogenic radionuclide and luminescence measurements in fluvial sediment. With support from the Australian National Data Service (ANDS) we have built infrastructure for hosting and maintaining the data at the University of Wollongong and making this available to the research community via an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)-compliant web service. The cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) part of the database consists of 10Be and 26Al measurements in modern fluvial sediment samples from across the globe, along with ancillary geospatial vector and raster layers, including sample site, basin outline, digital elevation model, gradient raster, flow-direction and flow-accumulation rasters, atmospheric pressure raster, and CRN production scaling and topographic shielding factor rasters. Sample metadata are comprehensive and include all necessary information for the recalculation of denudation rates using CAIRN, an open-source program for calculating basin-wide denudation rates from 10Be and 26Al data. Further all data have been recalculated and harmonised using the same program. The luminescence part of the database consists of thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements in fluvial sediment samples from stratigraphic sections and sediment cores from across the Australian continent and includes ancillary vector and raster geospatial data. The database can be interrogated and downloaded via a custom-built web map service. More advanced interrogation and exporting to various data formats, including the ESRI Shapefile and Google Earth's KML, is also possible via the Web Feature Service (WFS) capability running on the OCTOPUS server. Use of open standards also ensures that data layers are visible to other OGC-compliant data-sharing services. OCTOPUS and its associated data curation framework provide the opportunity for researchers to reuse previously published but otherwise unusable CRN and luminescence data. This delivers the potential to harness old but valuable data that would otherwise be lost to the research community. OCTOPUS can be accessed at https://earth.uow.edu.au (last access: 28 November 2018). The individual data collections can also be accessed via the following DOIs: https://doi.org/10.4225/48/5a8367feac9b2 (CRN International), https://doi.org/10.4225/48/5a836cdfac9b5 (CRN Australia), and https://doi.org/10.4225/48/5a836db1ac9b6 (OSL & TL Australia).

Millennial scale variability of denudation rates for the last 15 kyr inferred from the detrital 10Be record of Lake Stappitz in the Hohe Tauern massif, Austrian Alps

The Holocene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1914-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reto Grischott ◽  
Florian Kober ◽  
Maarten Lupker ◽  
Juergen M Reitner ◽  
Ruth Drescher-Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Climatic Forcing ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Austrian Alps ◽  
Denudation Rates ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Flooding Events

Reconstructing paleo-denudation rates over Holocene timescales in an Alpine catchment provides a unique opportunity to isolate the climatic forcing of denudation from other tectonic or anthropogenic effects. Cosmogenic 10Be on two sediment cores from Lake Stappitz (Austrian Alps) were measured yielding a 15-kyr-long catchment-averaged denudation record of the upstream Seebach Valley. The persistence of a lake at the outlet of the valley fixed the baselevel, and the high mean elevation minimizes anthropogenic impacts. The 10Be record indicates a decrease in the proportion of paraglacial sediments from 15 to 7 kyr cal. BP after which the 10Be concentrations are considered to reflect hillslope erosion and thus can be converted to denudation rates. These ones significantly fluctuated over this time period: lower hillslope erosion rates of ca. 0.4 mm/year dated between 5 and 7 kyr cal. BP correlate with a stable climate, sparse flooding events and elevated temperatures that favoured the widespread growth of stabilizing soils and vegetation. Higher hillslope erosion rates of ca. 0.8 mm/year over the last ~4 kyr correlate with a variable, cooler climate where frequent flooding events enhance denudation of less protected hillslopes. Overall, our results suggest a tight coupling of climate and hillslope erosion in alpine landscapes as it has been observed in other parts of the Alps.

Determination of denudation rates by the measurement of meteoric 10Be in Guadiana river sediment samples (Spain) by low-energy AMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Padilla ◽  
J.M. López-Gutiérrez ◽  
D.M.R. Sampath ◽  
T. Boski ◽  
J.M. Nieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Sediment ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Denudation Rates

Behavior and Distribution of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates and their Metabolites in Sediments of Nansi Lake, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1733-1738
Author(s):  
Fang He ◽  
Aya Obara ◽  
Shi Long Wang ◽  
Li Guo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Nansi Lake ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Vertical And Horizontal Distribution

The vertical and horizontal distribution of NPEOn and their metabolites of NP and NPEnC in the Upper Nansi Lake, North China were investigated using LC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods, sampling at three sites (St.1, St.2 and St.3) along the water flow direction. The total content of NPEOn (n=1–15) bound onto the sediment of this lake changed in the range of 60.7–631.5 μg/kg-dry with the horizontal flow direction and the vertical direction of the sediment cores with sediment thickness up to 35 cm. Compared to the presence levels of all detected NPEOn species, the content of NP was much higher, falling in 26.5–1,998.4 μg/kg-dry. A general increasing trend of the NP content along the water flow direction of this lake was revealed. NPEnC showed a roughly increasing trend from the upstream to the downstream, with the total concentrations being obviously lower than NPEOn and NP and falling in 2.13–23.1 μg/kg-dry. The short chain NPEOn dominant in NPEO mixtures in these sedimentary cores indicated that this lake received some effluents from STPs, and the sewage treatment ratio is relatively low in this area. Furthermore, the computed magnitudes of NPEO 1-2/NPEO1-15, NP/NPEO 1-15 and NPEC 1-10/NPEO 1-15 suggested that the non-oxidative hydrolytic transformation seemed to be a major process occurring within the sediment phase of Nansi Lake, while the oxidative hydrolytic transformation pathway was probably less involved.

The History of Human Impacts in the Clear Lake Watershed ( California) as Deduced from Lake Sediment Cores*

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Nelson ◽  
Alan Heyvaert ◽  
Laurent Meillier ◽  
Jae Kim ◽  
Xiaoping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediment ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Clear Lake ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Vegetation Response to Climate Change and Human Impacts in the Usambara Mountains

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Mumbi ◽  
R. Marchant ◽  
P. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Coprophilous Fungi ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Usambara Mountain ◽  
Depth Curve

East and West Usambara Mountain blocks are unique based on three characteristics. Firstly, they are connected blocks; secondly, they have an oceanic-influenced climate; and thirdly, the rain seasons are not easily discernible due to their close proximity to the Indian Ocean and Equator. Sediment cores were collected from peat bogs in Derema (DRM) and Mbomole (MBML) in East Usambara and from Madumu (DUMU) in West Usambara. The multiproxy record provides an understanding on climate and vegetation changes during the last 5000 years. DRM and MBML cores result in radiocarbon ages and age-depth curve which showed hiatus at 20 cm and 61 cm and huge inversion for DUMU core at 57 cm. Period 5000–4000 14C yr BP for DUMU core revealed increased Montane forest indicative of relatively moist conditions. Periods 3000–2000 and 2000–1000 14C yr BP, DUMU core demonstrated increased submontane and lowland forests. Period 1000–200 14C yr BP, DUMU core signified increased coprophilous fungi while DRM and MBML cores signified fluctuating herbaceous pollen spectra (wet-dry episodes). Period 200 14C yr BP to present, all cores demonstrated stable recovery of forest types especially dominance of submontane forests. Abundant coprophilous fungi indicated increased human impacts including forest fires, cultivation, and grazing.

Quantifying and characterising organic carbon in newly-developed soils following glacier retreat in northern latitudes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule Akhmetkaliyeva ◽  
Robert Sparkes ◽  
Leon Clarke ◽  
Andrew Dean ◽  
Simon Cook
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Glacier Retreat ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Glacial Meltwater ◽  
Fluvial Sediment ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Glacier Front ◽  
Soil And Sediment

<p>Arctic and sub-arctic regions contain a globally significant reservoir of easily degradable glacial organic carbon (GOC) held within glacier ice, subglacial sediments, and proglacial sediments and soils. 21st century warming will result in global glacier retreat with the potential to expose and release GOC, degradation of which can produce CO<sub>2</sub> and/or CH<sub>4</sub> through physical, chemical or biological processes. Newly-exposed nutrient rich glacial landscapes may develop soils and ecosystems. However, current understanding of the nature of glacial carbon cycling is very weak. In this study, sources and transformations of organic carbon (OC) within proglacial environments were determined using a combination of organic biomarkers, DNA sequencing and elemental concentrations.</p><p>Soil development was characterised in three contrasting glacial systems (Oræfajökull ice cap in Iceland, Tarfala in Sweden and Zackenberg in Greenland) in order to understand the main source of OC in soils exposed after glacier retreat and soil development along downstream transects from the glacier front. Water, soil and sediment samples were collected during four successful field campaigns (Iceland and Sweden in summer 2018, Greenland and Iceland in summer 2019). Soil and sediment samples were analysed for organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations, bacteriohopanepolyol biomarkers (BHPs), a group of membrane lipids that can be used to trace major microbial groups, DNA sequencing and major elements (using ICP-OES and IC).  </p><p>Soil samples from moraines showed highest OC concentrations (up to 5.5% in Iceland), while fluvial sediment samples from all study areas had low to no OC. BHPs were rare in fluvial sediments, observed in riverbank soils and most common in moraines. Both total BHP concentration and R’soil index (up to 50.5 µg/g ΣBHPs in a Little Ice Age and 0.41 R’soil in a 2500-year-old Icelandic moraines) show development of soils over time along the downstream transect from the glacier front. DNA concentrations in soil extracts are much higher than fluvial sediment samples. Particulate OC concentration in glacial meltwater streams and proglacial lakes was low (up to 0.03 mg/L), perhaps due to the high total suspended sediment concentrations (up to 0.96 mg/L) in most of the streams. Water chemistry analyses showed significant Ca, S, Na, Fe, Mg and Al concentrations, that potentially would fertilise the Arctic Ocean.</p><p>Based on these preliminary data, it can be concluded that direct glacial output of organic carbon is low, but soil and ecosystem development in front of retreating glaciers leads to the build-up of new terrestrial OC stores. Erosion of OC from these pro-glacial landscapes by glacial meltwater might highly affect estimates of GOC. Future glacier retreat in deglaciating systems in the Arctic (Greenland and Sweden) and sub-arctic (Iceland) regions might increase terrestrial OC productivity and carbon export, as well as seeding biological production downstream.</p>

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