scholarly journals The sea ice model component of HadGEM3-GC3.1

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 713-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff K. Ridley ◽  
Edward W. Blockley ◽  
Ann B. Keen ◽  
Jamie G. L. Rae ◽  
Alex E. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Coupling Scheme ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Model Component ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ice Model

Abstract. A new sea ice configuration, GSI8.1, is implemented in the Met Office global coupled configuration HadGEM3-GC3.1 which will be used for all CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) simulations. The inclusion of multi-layer thermodynamics has required a semi-implicit coupling scheme between atmosphere and sea ice to ensure the stability of the solver. Here we describe the sea ice model component and show that the Arctic thickness and extent compare well with observationally based data.

scholarly journals First results of the Sea-Ice Model Intercomparison Project (SIMIP)

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kreyscher ◽  
Markus Harder ◽  
Peter Lemke
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
The North ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Cavitating Fluid ◽  
Ice Model

The Sea-Ice Model Intercomparison Project (SIMIP) is part of the activities of the Sea Ice-Ocean Modeling Panel (SIOM) of the Arctic Climate System Study (WMO) (ACSYS) that aims to determine the optimal sea-ice model for climate simulations. This investigation is focused on the dynamics of sea ice. A hierarchy of four sea-ice rheologies is applied, including a viscous-plastic rheology, a cavitating-fluid model, a compressible Newtonian fluid, and a simple scheme with a step-function stoppage for ice drift.For comparison, the same grid, land boundaries and forcing fields are applied to all models. Atmospheric forcing for a 7 year period is obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (UK) (ECMWF analyses), while occanic forcing consists of annual mean geostrophic currents and heal fluxes into a fixed mixed layer. Daily buoy-drift data monitored by the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP) and ice thicknesses at the North Pole from submarine upward-looking sonar are available as verification data. The daily drift statistics for separate regions and seasons contribute to an error function showing significant differences between the models. Additionally, Fram Strait ice exports predicted by the different models are investigated. The ice export of the viscous-plastic model amounts to 0.11 Sv. when it is optimized to the mean daily buoy velocities and the observed North Pole ice thicknesses. The cavitating-fluid model yields a very similar Fram Strait outflow, but underestimates the North Pole ice thickness. The two other dynamic schemes predict unrealistically large ice thicknesses in the central Arctic region, while Fram Strait ice exports are too low.

scholarly journals On the improvement of sea-ice models for climate simulations: the Sea Ice Model Intercomparison Project

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lemke ◽  
W.D. Hibler ◽  
G. Flato ◽  
M. Harder ◽  
M. Kreyscher
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Ice Model

Experiments with dynamic thermodynamic sea-ice models indicate a strong dependence of the net freezing rate, sea-ice transport and variability on dynamic model parameters. Although current dynamic—thermodynamic sea-ice models show relatively good agreement with observations, an optimization seems to be necessary, especially for the parameterizations of dynamic processes.Presently, only a few coupled climate models use dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice models. In order to promote, by means of coordinated numerical experiments, the development of an optimal sea-ice model for climate research, the Sea Ice Ocean Modelling Panel of the Arctic Climate System Study (ACSYS, a project of the World Climate Research Programme has initiated the Sea Ice Model Intercomparison Project (SIMIP). The first results from this model hierarchy approach are presented.

scholarly journals On the improvement of sea-ice models for climate simulations: the sea ice model intercomparison project

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lemke ◽  
W.D. Hibler ◽  
G. Flato ◽  
M. Harder ◽  
M. Kreyscher
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Ice Model

Experiments with dynamic thermodynamic sea-ice models indicate a strong dependence of the net freezing rate, sea-ice transport and variability on dynamic model parameters. Although current dynamic—thermodynamic sea-ice models show relatively good agreement with observations, an optimization seems to be necessary, especially for the parameterizations of dynamic processes. Presently, only a few coupled climate models use dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice models. In order to promote, by means of coordinated numerical experiments, the development of an optimal sea-ice model for climate research, the Sea Ice Ocean Modelling Panel of the Arctic Climate System Study (ACSYS, a project of the World Climate Research Programme has initiated the Sea Ice Model Intercomparison Project (SIMIP). The first results from this model hierarchy approach are presented.

scholarly journals The sea ice model component of HadGEM3-GC3.1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff K. Ridley ◽  
Edward W. Blockley ◽  
Ann B. Keen ◽  
Jamie G. L. Rae ◽  
Alex E. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Coupling Scheme ◽  
Model Component ◽  
Ice Model

Abstract. A new sea ice configuration, GSI8.1, is implemented in the Met Office global coupled configuration HadGEM3-GC3.1 which will be used for all CMIP6 simulations. The inclusion of multi-layer thermodynamics has required a of a semi-implicit coupling scheme between atmosphere and sea ice to ensure stability of the solver. Here we describe the sea ice model component and show that the Arctic thickness and extent compare well with observationally based data.

scholarly journals First results of the Sea-Ice Model Intercomparison Project (SIMIP)

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kreyscher ◽  
Markus Harder ◽  
Peter Lemke
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
The North ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Cavitating Fluid ◽  
Ice Model

The Sea-Ice Model Intercomparison Project (SIMIP) is part of the activities of the Sea Ice-Ocean Modeling Panel (SIOM) of the Arctic Climate System Study (WMO) (ACSYS) that aims to determine the optimal sea-ice model for climate simulations. This investigation is focused on the dynamics of sea ice. A hierarchy of four sea-ice rheologies is applied, including a viscous-plastic rheology, a cavitating-fluid model, a compressible Newtonian fluid, and a simple scheme with a step-function stoppage for ice drift. For comparison, the same grid, land boundaries and forcing fields are applied to all models. Atmospheric forcing for a 7 year period is obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (UK) (ECMWF analyses), while occanic forcing consists of annual mean geostrophic currents and heal fluxes into a fixed mixed layer. Daily buoy-drift data monitored by the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP) and ice thicknesses at the North Pole from submarine upward-looking sonar are available as verification data. The daily drift statistics for separate regions and seasons contribute to an error function showing significant differences between the models. Additionally, Fram Strait ice exports predicted by the different models are investigated. The ice export of the viscous-plastic model amounts to 0.11 Sv. when it is optimized to the mean daily buoy velocities and the observed North Pole ice thicknesses. The cavitating-fluid model yields a very similar Fram Strait outflow, but underestimates the North Pole ice thickness. The two other dynamic schemes predict unrealistically large ice thicknesses in the central Arctic region, while Fram Strait ice exports are too low.

scholarly journals The Norwegian Earth System Model, NorESM2 – Evaluation of theCMIP6 DECK and historical simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øyvind Seland ◽  
Mats Bentsen ◽  
Lise Seland Graff ◽  
Dirk Olivié ◽  
Thomas Toniazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. The second version of the fully coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented and evaluated. NorESM2 is based on the second version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2), but has entirely different ocean and ocean biogeochemistry models; a new module for aerosols in the atmosphere model along with aerosol-radiation-cloud interactions and changes related to the moist energy formulation, deep convection scheme and angular momentum conservation; modified albedo and air-sea turbulent flux calculations; and minor changes to land and sea ice models. We show results from low (∼2°) and medium (∼1°) atmosphere-land resolution versions of NorESM2 that have both been used to carry out simulations for the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The stability of the pre-industrial climate and the sensitivity of the model to abrupt and gradual quadrupling of CO2 is assessed, along with the ability of the model to simulate the historical climate under the CMIP6 forcings. As compared to observations and reanalyses, NorESM2 represents an improvement over previous versions of NorESM in most aspects. NorESM2 is less sensitive to greenhouse gas forcing than its predecessors, with an equilibrium climate sensitivity of 2.5 K in both resolutions on a 150 year frame. We also consider the model response to future scenarios as defined by selected shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project defined under CMIP6. Under the four scenarios SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5, the warming in the period 2090–2099 compared to 1850–1879 reaches 1.3, 2.2, 3.0, and 3.9 K in NorESM2-LM, and 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, and 3.9 K in NorESM–MM, robustly similar in both resolutions. NorESM2-LM shows a rather satisfactorily evolution of recent sea ice area. In NorESM2-LM an ice free Arctic Ocean is only avoided in the SSP1-2.6 scenario.

scholarly journals Large-scale features of Last Interglacial climate: results from evaluating the <i>lig127k</i> simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6)–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bette L. Otto-Bliesner ◽  
Esther C. Brady ◽  
Anni Zhao ◽  
Chris M. Brierley ◽  
Yarrow Axford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Model Ensemble ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Paleoclimate Modeling ◽  
Intercomparison Project

Abstract. The modeling of paleoclimate, using physically based tools, is increasingly seen as a strong out-of-sample test of the models that are used for the projection of future climate changes. New to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) is the Tier 1 Last Interglacial experiment for 127 000 years ago (lig127k), designed to address the climate responses to stronger orbital forcing than the midHolocene experiment, using the same state-of-the-art models as for the future and following a common experimental protocol. Here we present a first analysis of a multi-model ensemble of 17 climate models, all of which have completed the CMIP6 DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) experiments. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of these models varies from 1.8 to 5.6 ∘C. The seasonal character of the insolation anomalies results in strong summer warming over the Northern Hemisphere continents in the lig127k ensemble as compared to the CMIP6 piControl and much-reduced minimum sea ice in the Arctic. The multi-model results indicate enhanced summer monsoonal precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere and reductions in the Southern Hemisphere. These responses are greater in the lig127k than the CMIP6 midHolocene simulations as expected from the larger insolation anomalies at 127 than 6 ka. New synthesis for surface temperature and precipitation, targeted for 127 ka, have been developed for comparison to the multi-model ensemble. The lig127k model ensemble and data reconstructions are in good agreement for summer temperature anomalies over Canada, Scandinavia, and the North Atlantic and for precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere continents. The model–data comparisons and mismatches point to further study of the sensitivity of the simulations to uncertainties in the boundary conditions and of the uncertainties and sparse coverage in current proxy reconstructions. The CMIP6–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) lig127k simulations, in combination with the proxy record, improve our confidence in future projections of monsoons, surface temperature, and Arctic sea ice, thus providing a key target for model evaluation and optimization.

scholarly journals Experimental and diagnostic protocol for the physical component of the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Griffies ◽  
Gokhan Danabasoglu ◽  
Paul J. Durack ◽  
Alistair J. Adcroft ◽  
V. Balaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Diagnostic Protocol ◽  
Intercomparison Project

Abstract. The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) aims to provide a framework for evaluating, understanding, and improving the ocean and sea-ice components of global climate and earth system models contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). OMIP addresses these aims in two complementary manners: (A) by providing an experimental protocol for global ocean/sea-ice models run with a prescribed atmospheric forcing, (B) by providing a protocol for ocean diagnostics to be saved as part of CMIP6. We focus here on the physical component of OMIP, with a companion paper (Orr et al., 2016) offering details for the inert chemistry and interactive biogeochemistry. The physical portion of the OMIP experimental protocol follows that of the interannual Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE-II). Since 2009, CORE-I (Normal Year Forcing) and CORE-II have become the standard method to evaluate global ocean/sea-ice simulations and to examine mechanisms for forced ocean climate variability. The OMIP diagnostic protocol is relevant for any ocean model component of CMIP6, including the DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima experiments), historical simulations, FAFMIP (Flux Anomaly Forced MIP), C4MIP (Coupled Carbon Cycle Climate MIP), DAMIP (Detection and Attribution MIP), DCPP (Decadal Climate Prediction Project), ScenarioMIP (Scenario MIP), as well as the ocean-sea ice OMIP simulations. The bulk of this paper offers scientific rationale for saving these diagnostics.

Greenhouse-gas contribution to Arctic sea-ice loss

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-Hee Kim ◽  
Seung-Ki Min
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
External Forcings ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice Loss

&lt;p&gt;Arctic sea-ice area (ASIA) has been declining rapidly throughout the year during recent decades, but a formal quantification of greenhouse gas (GHG) contribution remains limited. This study conducts an attribution analysis of the observed ASIA changes from 1979 to 2017 by comparing three satellite observations with the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) multi-model simulations using an optimal fingerprint method. The observed ASIA exhibits overall decreasing trends across all months with stronger trends in warm seasons. CMIP6 anthropogenic plus natural forcing (ALL) simulations and GHG-only forcing simulations successfully capture the observed temporal trend patterns. Results from detection analysis show that ALL signals are detected robustly for all calendar months for three observations. It is found that GHG signals are detectable in the observed ASIA decrease throughout the year, explaining most of the ASIA reduction, with a much weaker contribution by other external forcings. We additionally find that the Arctic Ocean will occur ice-free in September around the 2040s regardless of the emission scenario.&lt;/p&gt;

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