scholarly journals A new model of the coupled carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in the terrestrial biosphere (QUINCY v1.0; revision 1996)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4781-4802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tea Thum ◽  
Silvia Caldararu ◽  
Jan Engel ◽  
Melanie Kern ◽  
Marleen Pallandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
New Model ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

Abstract. The dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems are shaped by the coupled cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and these cycles are strongly dependent on the availability of water and energy. These interactions shape future terrestrial biosphere responses to global change. Here, we present a new terrestrial ecosystem model, QUINCY (QUantifying Interactions between terrestrial Nutrient CYcles and the climate system), which has been designed from scratch to allow for a seamless integration of the fully coupled carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles with each other and also with processes affecting the energy and water balances in terrestrial ecosystems. This new model includes (i) a representation of plant growth which separates source (e.g. photosynthesis) and sink (growth rate of individual tissues, constrained by temperature and the availability of water and nutrients) processes; (ii) the acclimation of many ecophysiological processes to meteorological conditions and/or nutrient availability; (iii) an explicit representation of vertical soil processes to separate litter and soil organic matter dynamics; (iv) a range of new diagnostics (leaf chlorophyll content; 13C, 14C, and 15N isotope tracers) to allow for a more in-depth model evaluation. In this paper, we present the model structure and provide an assessment of its performance against a range of observations from global-scale ecosystem monitoring networks. We demonstrate that QUINCY v1.0 is capable of simulating ecosystem dynamics across a wide climate gradient, as well as across different plant functional types. We further provide an assessment of the sensitivity of key model predictions to the model's parameterisation. This work lays the ground for future studies to test individual process hypotheses using the QUINCY v1.0 framework in the light of ecosystem manipulation observations, as well as global applications to investigate the large-scale consequences of nutrient-cycle interactions for projections of terrestrial biosphere dynamics.

scholarly journals A new terrestrial biosphere model with coupled carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles (QUINCY v1.0; revision 1772)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tea Thum ◽  
Silvia Caldararu ◽  
Jan Engel ◽  
Melanie Kern ◽  
Marleen Pallandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Element Cycling ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

Abstract. The dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems are shaped by the coupled cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and strongly depend on the availability of water and energy. These interactions shape future terrestrial biosphere responses to global change. Many process-based models of the terrestrial biosphere have been gradually extended from considering carbon-water interactions to also including nitrogen, and later, phosphorus dynamics. This evolutionary model development has hindered full integration of these biogeochemical cycles and the feedbacks amongst them. Here we present a new terrestrial ecosystem model QUINCY (QUantifying Interactions between terrestrial Nutrient CYcles and the climate system), which is formulated around a consistent representation of element cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. This new model includes i) a representation of plant growth which separates source (e.g. photosynthesis) and sink (growth rate of individual tissues, constrained by nutrients, temperature, and water availability) processes; ii) the acclimation of many ecophysiological processes to meteorological conditions and/or nutrient availabilities; iii) an explicit representation of vertical soil processes to separate litter and soil organic matter dynamics; iv) a range of new diagnostics (leaf chlorophyll content; 13C, 14C, and 15N isotope tracers) to allow for a more in-depth model evaluation. We present the model structure and provide an assessment of its performance against a range of observations from global-scale ecosystem monitoring networks. We demonstrate that the framework is capable of consistently simulating ecosystem dynamics across a large gradient in climate and soil conditions, as well as across different plant functional types. To aid this understanding we provide an assessment of the model's sensitivity to its parameterisation and the associated uncertainty.

scholarly journals Vertical profiles of leaf photosynthesis and leaf traits, and soil nutrients in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana before and after a three-year nitrogen and phosphorus addition experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lore Talle Verryckt ◽  
Sara Vicca ◽  
Leandro Van Langenhove ◽  
Clément Stahl ◽  
Dolores Asensio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

Abstract. Terrestrial biosphere models typically use the biochemical model of Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry (1980) to simulate photosynthesis, which requires accurate values of photosynthetic capacity of different biomes. However, data on tropical forests are sparse and highly variable due to the high species diversity, and it is still highly uncertain how these tropical forests respond to nutrient limitation in terms of C uptake. Tropical forests often grow on phosphorus (P)-poor soils and are, in general, assumed to be P- rather than nitrogen (N)-limited. However, the relevance of P as a control of photosynthetic capacity is still debated. Here, we provide a comprehensive dataset of vertical profiles of photosynthetic capacity and important leaf traits, including leaf N and P concentrations, from two three-year, large-scale nutrient addition experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana. These data present a unique source of information to further improve model representations of the roles of N, P, and other leaf nutrients, in photosynthesis in tropical forests. To further facilitate the use of our data in syntheses and model studies, we provide an elaborate list of ancillary data, including important soil properties and nutrients, along with the leaf data. As environmental drivers are key to improve our understanding of carbon (C)-nutrient cycle interactions, this comprehensive dataset will aid to further enhance our understanding of how nutrient availability interacts with C uptake in tropical forests. The data are available at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.4719242 (Verryckt, 2021).

scholarly journals Patterns of plant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration in relation to productivity in China’s terrestrial ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (16) ◽  
pp. 4033-4038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyao Tang ◽  
Wenting Xu ◽  
Guoyi Zhou ◽  
Yongfei Bai ◽  
Jiaxiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
P Content

Plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content regulate productivity and carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Estimates of the allocation of N and P content in plant tissues and the relationship between nutrient content and photosynthetic capacity are critical to predicting future ecosystem C sequestration under global change. In this study, by investigating the nutrient concentrations of plant leaves, stems, and roots across China’s terrestrial biomes, we document large-scale patterns of community-level concentrations of C, N, and P. We also examine the possible correlation between nutrient content and plant production as indicated by vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP). The nationally averaged community concentrations of C, N, and P were 436.8, 14.14, and 1.11 mg·g−1 for leaves; 448.3, 3.04 and 0.31 mg·g−1 for stems; and 418.2, 4.85, and 0.47 mg·g−1 for roots, respectively. The nationally averaged leaf N and P productivity was 249.5 g C GPP·g-1 N·y−1 and 3,157.9 g C GPP·g–1 P·y−1, respectively. The N and P concentrations in stems and roots were generally more sensitive to the abiotic environment than those in leaves. There were strong power-law relationships between N (or P) content in different tissues for all biomes, which were closely coupled with vegetation GPP. These findings not only provide key parameters to develop empirical models to scale the responses of plants to global change from a single tissue to the whole community but also offer large-scale evidence of biome-dependent regulation of C sequestration by nutrients.

scholarly journals Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5337-5351
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yanpei Guo ◽  
Zhiyao Tang ◽  
Yuhao Feng ◽  
Xinrong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Changbai Mountains ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Phosphorus Pools

Abstract. Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature relieve their limitations on terrestrial ecosystem productivity, while nutrient availability constrains the increasing plant photosynthesis more intensively. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are critical for plant physiological activities and consequently regulate ecosystem productivity. Here, for the first time, we mapped N and P densities and concentrations of leaves, woody stems, roots, litter, and soil in forest, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems across China based on an intensive investigation at 4868 sites, covering species composition, biomass, and nutrient concentrations of different tissues of living plants, litter, and soil. Forest, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems in China stored 6803.6 Tg N, with 6635.2 Tg N (97.5 %) fixed in soil (to a depth of 1 m) and 27.7 (0.4 %), 57.8 (0.8 %), 71.2 (1 %), and 11.7 Tg N (0.2 %) in leaves, stems, roots, and litter, respectively. The forest, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems in China stored 2806.0 Tg P, with 2786.1 Tg P (99.3 %) fixed in soil (to a depth of 1 m) and 2.7 (0.1 %), 9.4 (0.3 %), 6.7 (0.2 %), and 1.0 Tg P (< 0.1 %) in leaves, stems, roots, and litter, respectively. Our estimation showed that N pools were low in northern China, except in the Changbai Mountains, Mount Tianshan, and Mount Alta, while relatively higher values existed in the eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan. P densities in vegetation were higher towards the southern and north-eastern part of China, while soil P density was higher towards the northern and western part of China. The estimated N and P density and concentration datasets, “Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China” (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sqzx), are available from the Dryad digital repository (Zhang et al., 2021). These patterns of N and P densities could potentially improve existing earth system models and large-scale research on ecosystem nutrients.

scholarly journals Predicting ecosystem dynamics at regional scales: an evaluation of a terrestrial biosphere model for the forests of northeastern North America

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1586) ◽  
pp. 222-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Medvigy ◽  
Paul R. Moorcroft
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Biomass Dynamics ◽  
Constrained Model ◽  
Biosphere Model

Terrestrial biosphere models are important tools for diagnosing both the current state of the terrestrial carbon cycle and forecasting terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change. While there are a number of ongoing assessments of the short-term predictive capabilities of terrestrial biosphere models using flux-tower measurements, to date there have been relatively few assessments of their ability to predict longer term, decadal-scale biomass dynamics. Here, we present the results of a regional-scale evaluation of the Ecosystem Demography version 2 (ED2)-structured terrestrial biosphere model, evaluating the model's predictions against forest inventory measurements for the northeast USA and Quebec from 1985 to 1995. Simulations were conducted using a default parametrization, which used parameter values from the literature, and a constrained model parametrization, which had been developed by constraining the model's predictions against 2 years of measurements from a single site, Harvard Forest (42.5° N, 72.1° W). The analysis shows that the constrained model parametrization offered marked improvements over the default model formulation, capturing large-scale variation in patterns of biomass dynamics despite marked differences in climate forcing, land-use history and species-composition across the region. These results imply that data-constrained parametrizations of structured biosphere models such as ED2 can be successfully used for regional-scale ecosystem prediction and forecasting. We also assess the model's ability to capture sub-grid scale heterogeneity in the dynamics of biomass growth and mortality of different sizes and types of trees, and then discuss the implications of these analyses for further reducing the remaining biases in the model's predictions.

scholarly journals Accounting for Dissolved Organic Nutrients in an SPBEM-2 Model: Validation and Verification

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Alexey Isaev ◽  
Oksana Vladimirova ◽  
Tatjana Eremina ◽  
Vladimir Ryabchenko ◽  
Oleg Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Organic Nutrients ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

Modern models of the Baltic Sea eutrophication describe only a bioavailable fraction of the nutrient input from land, thus introducing uncertainty into forcing. In order to alleviate this uncertainty, the coupled 3D hydrodynamical-biogeochemical St. Petersburg Eutrophication Model (SPBEM) has been expanded with variables representing dissolved organic nutrients. The model modification involves an explicit description of the labile and refractory fractions of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus, in addition to their particulate forms, represented by the detritus variables. The modified SPBEM-2 allows for a full account of the total amounts of nutrients reported in field measurements and presented in environmental documents. Particularly, a model description of detritus, as the only bulk organic matter variable, has been replaced by more realistic parameterizations with adequate rates of settling and mineralization. The extensive validation and verification of the model performance in the Gulf of Finland from 2009 to 2014, based on over 4000 oceanographic stations, shows that SPBEM-2 plausibly reproduces all the major large-scale features and phenomena of the ecosystem dynamics in the Gulf of Finland, especially in its surface productive layer. These demonstrated capabilities of SPBEM-2 make the model a useful tool, both in studies of biogeochemical interactions and in historical and scenario simulations.

scholarly journals Quantifying the role of moss in terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics in northern high-latitudes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junrong Zha ◽  
Qianlai Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
New Model ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model ◽  
Rcp 8.5

Abstract. In addition to woody and herbaceous plants, mosses are ubiquitous in northern terrestrial ecosystems, which play an important role in regional carbon, water and energy cycling. Current global land surface models without considering moss may bias the quantification of the regional carbon dynamics. Here we incorporate moss into a process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM 5.0), as a new plant functional type to develop a new model (TEM_Moss). The new model explicitly quantifies the interactions between higher plants and mosses and their competition for energy, water, and nutrient. Compared to the estimates using TEM 5.0, the new model estimates that the regional terrestrial soils store 132.7 Pg more C at present day, and will store 157.5 Pg and 179.1 Pg more C under the RCP 8.5 and RCP 2.6 scenarios, respectively, by the end of the 21st century. Ensemble regional simulations forced with different parameters for the 21st century with TEM_Moss predict that the region will accumulate 161.1 ± 142.1 Pg C under the RCP 2.6 scenario, and 186.7 ± 166.1 Pg C under the RCP 8.5 scenario over the century. Our study highlights the necessity of coupling moss into Earth System Models to adequately quantify terrestrial carbon-climate feedbacks in the Arctic.

scholarly journals Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yanpei Guo ◽  
Zhiyao Tang ◽  
Yuhao Feng ◽  
Xinrong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Changbai Mountains ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Phosphorus Pools

Abstract. Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature relieve the limitation of these two on terrestrial ecosystem productivity, while nutrient availability constrains the increasing plant photosynthesis more intensively. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are critical for plant physiological activities and consequently regulates ecosystem productivity. Here, for the first time, we mapped N and P densities of leaves, woody stems, roots, litter and soil in forest, shrubland and grassland ecosystems across China, based on an intensive investigation in 4175 sites, covering species composition, biomass, and nutrient concentrations of different tissues of living plants, litter and soil. Forest, shrubland and grassland ecosystems in China stored 7665.62 × 106 Mg N, with 7434.53 × 106 Mg (96.99 %) fixed in soil (to a depth of one metre), and 32.39 × 106 Mg (0.42 %), 59.57 × 106 Mg (0.78 %), 124.21 × 106 Mg (1.62 %) and 14.92 × 106 Mg (0.19 %) in leaves, stems, roots and litter, respectively. The forest, shrubland and grassland ecosystems in China stored 3852.66 × 106 Mg P, with 3821.64 × 106 Mg (99.19 %) fixed in soil (to a depth of one metre), and 3.36 × 106 Mg (0.09 %), 14.06 × 106 Mg (0.36 %), 11.47 × 106 Mg (0.30 %) and 2.14 × 106 Mg (0.06 %) in leaves, stems, roots and litter, respectively. Our estimation showed that N pools were low in northern China except Changbai Mountains, Mount Tianshan and Mount Alta, while relatively higher values existed in eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan. P densities in plant organs were higher towards the south and east part of China, while soil P density was higher towards the north and west part of China. The estimated N and P density datasets, Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China (the pre-publication sharing link: https://datadryad.org/stash/share/78EBjhBqNoam2jOSoO1AXvbZtgIpCTi9eT-eGE7wyOk, are available from the Dryad Digital Repository (Zhang et al., 2020). These patterns of N and P densities could potentially improve existing earth system models and large-scale researches on ecosystem nutrients.

scholarly journals Quantifying the role of moss in terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics in northern high latitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 6245-6269
Author(s):  
Junrong Zha ◽  
Qianlai Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
New Model ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon

Abstract. Mosses are ubiquitous in northern terrestrial ecosystems, and play an important role in regional carbon, water and energy cycling. Current global land surface models that do not consider mosses may bias the quantification of regional carbon dynamics. Here we incorporate mosses as a new plant functional type into the process-based Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM 5.0), to develop a new model (TEM_Moss). The new model explicitly quantifies the interactions between vascular plants and mosses and their competition for energy, water, and nutrients. Compared to the estimates using TEM 5.0, the new model estimates that the regional terrestrial soils currently store 132.7 Pg more C and will store 157.5 and 179.1 Pg more C under the RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 scenarios, respectively, by the end of the 21st century. Ensemble regional simulations forced with different parameters for the 21st century with TEM_Moss predict that the region will accumulate 161.1±142.1 Pg C under the RCP2.6 scenario and 186.7±166.1 Pg C under the RCP8.5 scenario over the century. Our study highlights the necessity of coupling moss into Earth system models to adequately quantify terrestrial carbon–climate feedbacks in the Arctic.

scholarly journals Vertical profiles of leaf photosynthesis and leaf traits and soil nutrients in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana before and after a 3-year nitrogen and phosphorus addition experiment

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Lore T. Verryckt ◽  
Sara Vicca ◽  
Leandro Van Langenhove ◽  
Clément Stahl ◽  
Dolores Asensio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

Abstract. Terrestrial biosphere models typically use the biochemical model of Farquhar, von Caemmerer, and Berry (1980) to simulate photosynthesis, which requires accurate values of photosynthetic capacity of different biomes. However, data on tropical forests are sparse and highly variable due to the high species diversity, and it is still highly uncertain how these tropical forests respond to nutrient limitation in terms of C uptake. Tropical forests often grow on soils low in phosphorus (P) and are, in general, assumed to be P rather than nitrogen (N) limited. However, the relevance of P as a control of photosynthetic capacity is still debated. Here, we provide a comprehensive dataset of vertical profiles of photosynthetic capacity and important leaf traits, including leaf N and P concentrations, from two 3-year, large-scale nutrient addition experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana. These data present a unique source of information to further improve model representations of the roles of N, P, and other leaf nutrients in photosynthesis in tropical forests. To further facilitate the use of our data in syntheses and model studies, we provide an elaborate list of ancillary data, including important soil properties and nutrients, along with the leaf data. As environmental drivers are key to improve our understanding of carbon (C) and nutrient cycle interactions, this comprehensive dataset will aid to further enhance our understanding of how nutrient availability interacts with C uptake in tropical forests. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5638236 (Verryckt, 2021).

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