scholarly journals Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5337-5351
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yanpei Guo ◽  
Zhiyao Tang ◽  
Yuhao Feng ◽  
Xinrong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Changbai Mountains ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Phosphorus Pools

Abstract. Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature relieve their limitations on terrestrial ecosystem productivity, while nutrient availability constrains the increasing plant photosynthesis more intensively. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are critical for plant physiological activities and consequently regulate ecosystem productivity. Here, for the first time, we mapped N and P densities and concentrations of leaves, woody stems, roots, litter, and soil in forest, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems across China based on an intensive investigation at 4868 sites, covering species composition, biomass, and nutrient concentrations of different tissues of living plants, litter, and soil. Forest, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems in China stored 6803.6 Tg N, with 6635.2 Tg N (97.5 %) fixed in soil (to a depth of 1 m) and 27.7 (0.4 %), 57.8 (0.8 %), 71.2 (1 %), and 11.7 Tg N (0.2 %) in leaves, stems, roots, and litter, respectively. The forest, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems in China stored 2806.0 Tg P, with 2786.1 Tg P (99.3 %) fixed in soil (to a depth of 1 m) and 2.7 (0.1 %), 9.4 (0.3 %), 6.7 (0.2 %), and 1.0 Tg P (< 0.1 %) in leaves, stems, roots, and litter, respectively. Our estimation showed that N pools were low in northern China, except in the Changbai Mountains, Mount Tianshan, and Mount Alta, while relatively higher values existed in the eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan. P densities in vegetation were higher towards the southern and north-eastern part of China, while soil P density was higher towards the northern and western part of China. The estimated N and P density and concentration datasets, “Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China” (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sqzx), are available from the Dryad digital repository (Zhang et al., 2021). These patterns of N and P densities could potentially improve existing earth system models and large-scale research on ecosystem nutrients.

scholarly journals Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yanpei Guo ◽  
Zhiyao Tang ◽  
Yuhao Feng ◽  
Xinrong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Changbai Mountains ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Phosphorus Pools

Abstract. Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature relieve the limitation of these two on terrestrial ecosystem productivity, while nutrient availability constrains the increasing plant photosynthesis more intensively. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are critical for plant physiological activities and consequently regulates ecosystem productivity. Here, for the first time, we mapped N and P densities of leaves, woody stems, roots, litter and soil in forest, shrubland and grassland ecosystems across China, based on an intensive investigation in 4175 sites, covering species composition, biomass, and nutrient concentrations of different tissues of living plants, litter and soil. Forest, shrubland and grassland ecosystems in China stored 7665.62 × 106 Mg N, with 7434.53 × 106 Mg (96.99 %) fixed in soil (to a depth of one metre), and 32.39 × 106 Mg (0.42 %), 59.57 × 106 Mg (0.78 %), 124.21 × 106 Mg (1.62 %) and 14.92 × 106 Mg (0.19 %) in leaves, stems, roots and litter, respectively. The forest, shrubland and grassland ecosystems in China stored 3852.66 × 106 Mg P, with 3821.64 × 106 Mg (99.19 %) fixed in soil (to a depth of one metre), and 3.36 × 106 Mg (0.09 %), 14.06 × 106 Mg (0.36 %), 11.47 × 106 Mg (0.30 %) and 2.14 × 106 Mg (0.06 %) in leaves, stems, roots and litter, respectively. Our estimation showed that N pools were low in northern China except Changbai Mountains, Mount Tianshan and Mount Alta, while relatively higher values existed in eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan. P densities in plant organs were higher towards the south and east part of China, while soil P density was higher towards the north and west part of China. The estimated N and P density datasets, Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China (the pre-publication sharing link: https://datadryad.org/stash/share/78EBjhBqNoam2jOSoO1AXvbZtgIpCTi9eT-eGE7wyOk, are available from the Dryad Digital Repository (Zhang et al., 2020). These patterns of N and P densities could potentially improve existing earth system models and large-scale researches on ecosystem nutrients.

scholarly journals Patterns of plant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration in relation to productivity in China’s terrestrial ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (16) ◽  
pp. 4033-4038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyao Tang ◽  
Wenting Xu ◽  
Guoyi Zhou ◽  
Yongfei Bai ◽  
Jiaxiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
P Content

Plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content regulate productivity and carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Estimates of the allocation of N and P content in plant tissues and the relationship between nutrient content and photosynthetic capacity are critical to predicting future ecosystem C sequestration under global change. In this study, by investigating the nutrient concentrations of plant leaves, stems, and roots across China’s terrestrial biomes, we document large-scale patterns of community-level concentrations of C, N, and P. We also examine the possible correlation between nutrient content and plant production as indicated by vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP). The nationally averaged community concentrations of C, N, and P were 436.8, 14.14, and 1.11 mg·g−1 for leaves; 448.3, 3.04 and 0.31 mg·g−1 for stems; and 418.2, 4.85, and 0.47 mg·g−1 for roots, respectively. The nationally averaged leaf N and P productivity was 249.5 g C GPP·g-1 N·y−1 and 3,157.9 g C GPP·g–1 P·y−1, respectively. The N and P concentrations in stems and roots were generally more sensitive to the abiotic environment than those in leaves. There were strong power-law relationships between N (or P) content in different tissues for all biomes, which were closely coupled with vegetation GPP. These findings not only provide key parameters to develop empirical models to scale the responses of plants to global change from a single tissue to the whole community but also offer large-scale evidence of biome-dependent regulation of C sequestration by nutrients.

Changes in nutrient levels in some Eastern European rivers in response to large-scale changes in agriculture

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Stålnacke ◽  
S.M. Vandsemb ◽  
A. Vassiljev ◽  
A. Grimvall ◽  
G. Jolankai
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Impact

Since the late 1980s, the use of commercial fertilisers in most Eastern European countries has decreased at an unprecedented rate. We examined the impact of this dramatic reduction in agricultural inputs on concentrations of nutrients in four rivers in Eastern Europe: the Emajogi and Õhnejogi (Estonia), the Daugava (Latvia), and the Tisza (Hungary). Time series of nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphate (PO4-P) concentrations and data on runoff were selected to represent catchments with substantial areas of agricultural land and available time series of sufficient length and frequency. The study period was 1987-1998. We detected downward trends in nitrate-N and phosphate-P in only two of the four rivers. Our results imply that the response to the extensive decrease in agricultural intensity since the late 1980s has been slow and limited in many rivers. Corresponding results in the literature are inconclusive and comprise several examples of both decreasing and non-decreasing nutrient concentrations. Our findings, along with similar data from other studies, indicate that large cuts in nutrient inputs do not necessarily induce an immediate response, particularly in medium-sized and large catchment areas. Moreover, the difference we noted between nitrogen and phosphorus suggests that factors other than reduced fertiliser application influenced the inertia of the water quality response.

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on Douglas-fir nursery growth and survival after outplanting

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
N Concentration

A 5N × 5P factorial fertilizer experiment was conducted on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed beds at Campbell River nursery on northern Vancouver Island. Nutrient concentrations were measured in soil and seedlings. After 2 years of growth, trees were lifted from each treatment in mid-November and again in mid-February for storage. All were planted out in April and grown for 2 years. Seedling dry weight and height in the nursery were significantly affected by N fertilizer treatment, but not by P fertilizer, although seedling tissue P concentrations were low (0.09-0.17%) and available soil P was significantly increased by treatment. Largest seedlings resulted from application of 50-75 kg N/ha during the 1st year of growth and 100-150 kg N/ha during the 2nd year. Seedling dry weight was correlated with tissue N concentration (r = 0.73-0.75) and greatest dry weight was associated with a 1-0 shoot N or a 2-0 foliar N concentration of 2%. Survival and height 2 years after planting out were significantly affected by N fertilizer treatment in the nursery, and the nursery treatments resulting in largest seedlings yielded the highest survival and height. However the N concentration of 2-0 seedlings was not closely correlated with survival or height, and shoot dry weight was the most useful nursery measurement for predicting these values (r = 0.49). Fertilization did not affect cold hardiness and hardiness of trees was essentially the same at both lifting dates. Survival at 2 years after planting was unaffected by lifting date.

scholarly journals A new model of the coupled carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in the terrestrial biosphere (QUINCY v1.0; revision 1996)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4781-4802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tea Thum ◽  
Silvia Caldararu ◽  
Jan Engel ◽  
Melanie Kern ◽  
Marleen Pallandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
New Model ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

Abstract. The dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems are shaped by the coupled cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and these cycles are strongly dependent on the availability of water and energy. These interactions shape future terrestrial biosphere responses to global change. Here, we present a new terrestrial ecosystem model, QUINCY (QUantifying Interactions between terrestrial Nutrient CYcles and the climate system), which has been designed from scratch to allow for a seamless integration of the fully coupled carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles with each other and also with processes affecting the energy and water balances in terrestrial ecosystems. This new model includes (i) a representation of plant growth which separates source (e.g. photosynthesis) and sink (growth rate of individual tissues, constrained by temperature and the availability of water and nutrients) processes; (ii) the acclimation of many ecophysiological processes to meteorological conditions and/or nutrient availability; (iii) an explicit representation of vertical soil processes to separate litter and soil organic matter dynamics; (iv) a range of new diagnostics (leaf chlorophyll content; 13C, 14C, and 15N isotope tracers) to allow for a more in-depth model evaluation. In this paper, we present the model structure and provide an assessment of its performance against a range of observations from global-scale ecosystem monitoring networks. We demonstrate that QUINCY v1.0 is capable of simulating ecosystem dynamics across a wide climate gradient, as well as across different plant functional types. We further provide an assessment of the sensitivity of key model predictions to the model's parameterisation. This work lays the ground for future studies to test individual process hypotheses using the QUINCY v1.0 framework in the light of ecosystem manipulation observations, as well as global applications to investigate the large-scale consequences of nutrient-cycle interactions for projections of terrestrial biosphere dynamics.

scholarly journals Weathering Intensity and Presence of Vegetation Are Key Controls on Soil Phosphorus Concentrations: Implications for Past and Future Terrestrial Ecosystems

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Dzombak ◽  
Nathan D. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
Weathering Intensity ◽  
Bedrock Weathering ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
P Fluxes

Phosphorus (P) is an essential limiting nutrient in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the natural and anthropogenic influence on P concentration in soils is critical for predicting how its distribution in soils may shift as climate changes. While it is known that P is sourced from bedrock weathering, relationships between weathering, P, and other soil-forming factors have not been quantified at continental scales, limiting our ability to predict large-scale changes in P concentrations. Additionally, while we know that Fe oxide-associated P is an important P phase in terrestrial environments, the range in and controls on soil Fe concentrations and species (e.g., Fe in oxides, labile Fe) are poorly constrained. Here, we explore the relationships between soil P and Fe concentrations, soil order, climate, and vegetation in over 5000 soils, and Fe speciation in ca. 400 soils. Weathering intensity has a nuanced control on P concentrations in soils, with P concentrations peaking at intermediate weathering intensities (Chemical Index of Alteration, CIA~60). The presence of vegetation (but not plant functional types) affected soils’ ability to accumulate P. Contrary to expectations, P was not more strongly associated with Fe in oxides than other Fe phases. These results are useful both for predicting changes in potential P fluxes from soils to rivers under climate change and for reconstructing changes in terrestrial nutrient limitations in Earth’s past. In particular, soils’ tendency to accumulate more P with the presence of vegetation suggests that biogeochemical models invoking the evolution and spread of land plants as a driver for increased P fluxes in the geological record may need to be revisited.

scholarly journals Characteristic Study of Briquette Cyanobacteria as Fuel in Chemical Looping Combustion with Hematite as Oxygen Carrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4388
Author(s):  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
Laihong Shen ◽  
Huijun Ge ◽  
Hongcun Bai
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Lower Temperature

Due to the more and more serious cyanobacteria bloom problem, it is particularly urgent to find a technology suitable for large-scale disposal and the efficient recovery of abundant nitrogen and phosphorus resources in cyanobacteria. The combination of chemical looping combustion (CLC) and biomass densification technology is thought to be a promising utilization selection. Based on the experimental results, the mechanical strength and energy density of briquette cyanobacteria are evidently increased with the compressive load; whereas, 10% is the optimal moisture content in the densification process. A higher heating rate in TGA would result in the damage of the internal structure of the briquette cyanobacteria, which are conducive to the carbon conversion efficiency. The presence of a hematite oxygen carrier would enhance the carbon conversion and catalyzed crack liquid products. CO2 yield is increased 25 percent and CH4 yield is decreased 50 percent at 900 °C in the CLC process. In addition, the lower temperature and reduction atmosphere in CLC would result in a lower NO emission concentration. The reactivity and porous property of hematite OC in CLC also increased during 10 redox cycle experiments. The CLC process accelerates the generation of CaH2P2O7 and CaHPO4 in cyanobacteria ash, which is more conducive to phosphorus recovery.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake Dynamics in Tropical Cerrado Woodland Streams

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nícolas Reinaldo Finkler ◽  
Flavia Tromboni ◽  
Iola Boëchat ◽  
Björn Gücker ◽  
Davi Gasparini Fernandes Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Lotic Ecosystem

Pollution abatement through phosphorus and nitrogen retention is a key ecosystem service provided by streams. Human activities have been changing in-stream nutrient concentrations, thereby altering lotic ecosystem functioning, especially in developing countries. We estimated nutrient uptake metrics (ambient uptake length, areal uptake rate, and uptake velocity) for nitrate (NO3–N), ammonium (NH4–N), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in four tropical Cerrado headwater streams during 2017, through whole-stream nutrient addition experiments. According to multiple regression models, ambient SRP concentration was an important explanatory variable of nutrient uptake. Further, best models included ambient NO3–N and water velocity (for NO3–N uptake metrics), dissolved oxygen (DO) and canopy cover (for NH4–N); and DO, discharge, water velocity, and temperature (for SRP). The best kinetic models describing nutrient uptake were efficiency-loss (R2 from 0.47–0.88) and first-order models (R2 from 0.60–0.85). NO3–N, NH4–N, and SRP uptake in these streams seemed coupled as a result of complex interactions of biotic P limitation, abiotic P cycling processes, and the preferential uptake of NH4–N among N-forms. Global change effects on these tropical streams, such as temperature increase and nutrient enrichment due to urban and agricultural expansion, may have adverse and partially unpredictable impacts on whole-stream nutrient processing.

scholarly journals Automatic controller to water plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Oliveira Medici ◽  
Hermes Soares da Rocha ◽  
Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho ◽  
Carlos Pimentel ◽  
Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Plastic Tube ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
Water Tension

Despite the massive demand of water for plant irrigation, there are few devices being used in the automation of this process in agriculture. This work evaluates a simple controller to water plants automatically that can be set up with low cost commercial materials, which are large-scale produced. This controller is composed by a ceramic capsule used in common domestic water filters; a plastic tube around 1.5 m long, and a pressostate used in domestic washing machines. The capsule and the pressostate are connected through the tube so that all parts are filled with water. The ceramic capsule is the sensor of the controller and has to be placed into the plant substrate. The pressostate has to be placed below the sensor and the lower it is, the higher is the water tension to start the irrigation, since the lower is the pressostate the higher is the water column above it and, therefore, the higher is the tension inside the ceramic cup to pull up the water column. The controller was evaluated in the control of drip irrigation for small containers filled with commercial organic substrate or soil. Linear regressions explained the relationship between the position of pressostate and the maximum water tension in the commercial substrate (p < 0.0054) and soil (p < 0.0001). Among the positions of the pressostate from 0.30 to 0.90 m below the sensor, the water tension changed from 1 to 8 kPa for commercial substrate and 4 to 13 kPa for the soil. This simple controller can be useful to grow plants, applying water automatically in function of the water tension of the plant substrate.

Late-summer carbon fluxes from Canadian forests and peatlands along an east–west continental transect

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Coursolle ◽  
Hank A Margolis ◽  
Alan G Barr ◽  
T Andrew Black ◽  
Brian D Amiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Diurnal Courses ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
East West

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) during August 2003 was measured by using eddy covariance above 17 forest and 3 peatland sites along an east–west continental-scale transect in Canada. Measured sites included recently disturbed stands, young forest stands, intermediate-aged conifer stands, mature deciduous stands, mature conifer stands, fens, and an open shrub bog. Diurnal courses of NEP showed strong coherence within the different ecosystem categories. Recently disturbed sites showed the weakest diurnal cycle; and intermediate-aged conifers, the strongest. The western treed fen had a more pronounced diurnal pattern than the eastern shrub bog or the Saskatchewan patterned fen. All but three sites were clearly afternoon C sinks. Ecosystem respiration was highest for the young fire sites. The intermediate-aged conifer sites had the highest maximum NEP (NEPmax) and gross ecosystem productivity (GEPmax), attaining rates that would be consistent with the presence of a strong terrestrial C sink in regions where these types of forest are common. These results support the idea that large-scale C cycle modeling activities would benefit from information on the age-class distribution and disturbance types within larger grid cells. Light use efficiency followed a pattern similar to that of NEPmax and GEPmax. Four of the five recently disturbed sites and all three of the peatland sites had low water use efficiencies.

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