scholarly journals Sediment management modelling in the Blue Nile Basin using SWAT model

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Betrie ◽  
Y. A. Mohamed ◽  
A. van Griensven ◽  
R. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Water Resources Development ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resources Development

Abstract. Soil erosion/sedimentation is an immense problem that has threatened water resources development in the Nile river basin, particularly in the Eastern Nile (Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt). An insight into soil erosion/sedimentation mechanisms and mitigation methods plays an imperative role for the sustainable water resources development in the region. This paper presents daily sediment yield simulations in the Upper Blue Nile under different Best Management Practice (BMP) scenarios. Scenarios applied in this paper are (i) maintaining existing conditions, (ii) introducing filter strips, (iii) applying stone bunds (parallel terraces), and (iv) reforestation. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to model soil erosion, identify soil erosion prone areas and assess the impact of BMPs on sediment reduction. For the existing conditions scenario, the model results showed a satisfactory agreement between daily observed and simulated sediment concentrations as indicated by Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency greater than 0.83. The simulation results showed that applying filter strips, stone bunds and reforestation scenarios reduced the current sediment yields both at the subbasins and the basin outlets. However, a precise interpretation of the quantitative results may not be appropriate because some physical processes are not well represented in the SWAT model.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Man–Made Ponds on Soil Erosion and Sediment Transport in Limnological Basins

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2526
Author(s):  
Mario J. Al Sayah ◽  
Rachid Nedjai ◽  
Konstantinos Kaffas ◽  
Chadi Abdallah ◽  
Michel Khouri
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Transport Patterns ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Impact

The impact of ponds on basins has recently started to receive its well-deserved scientific attention. In this study, pond-induced impacts on soil erosion and sediment transport were investigated at the scale of the French Claise basin. In order to determine erosion and sediment transport patterns of the Claise, the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) erosion and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models were used. The impact of ponds on the studied processes was revealed by means of land cover change scenarios, using ponded versus pondless inputs. Results show that under current conditions (pond presence), 12.48% of the basin corresponds to no-erosion risk zones (attributed to the dense pond network), while 65.66% corresponds to low-erosion risk, 21.68% to moderate-erosion risk, and only 0.18% to high-erosion risk zones. The SWAT model revealed that ponded sub-basins correspond to low sediment yields areas, in contrast to the pondless sub-basins, which yield appreciably higher erosion rates. Under the alternative pondless scenario, erosion risks shifted to 1.12%, 0.52%, 76.8%, and 21.56% for no, low, moderate, and high-erosion risks, respectively, while the sediment transport pattern completely shifted to higher sediment yield zones. This approach solidifies ponds as powerful human-induced modifications to hydro/sedimentary processes.

scholarly journals Sediment management modelling in Blue Nile Basin using SWAT model

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 5497-5524 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Betrie ◽  
Y. A. Mohamed ◽  
A. van Griensven ◽  
R. Srinivasan ◽  
A. Mynett
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Water Resources Development ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
Sediment Reduction ◽  
Resources Development

Abstract. Soil erosion/sedimentation is a colossal problem that has menaced water resources development in the Nile, particularly in Eastern Nile (Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt). An insight into soil erosion/sedimentation mechanism and mitigation methods plays an indispensable role for the sustainable water resources development in the region. This paper presents a daily sediment yield simulation in the Upper Blue Nile under different Best Management Practices (BMPs) scenarios. The scenarios were baseline (existing condition), Buffer strips, stone bund (parallel terrace), and reforestation. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to model soil erosion, identify soil erosion prone areas and assess the impact of BMPs on sediment reduction. The study found satisfactory agreement between daily observed and simulated sediment concentration with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE)=0.88, percent bias (PBIAS)=−0.05%, and ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR)=0.35 for calibration and NSE=0.83, RSR=0.61 and PBIAS=−11% for validation. The sediment yield for baseline scenario was 117×106 t yr−1. The buffer-strips, stone-bund and reforestation reduced the sediment yield at outlet of the Upper Blue Nile basin by 44%, 41% and 11%, respectively. The sediment reduction at subbasins outlets varied from 29% to 68% by buffer strip, 9% to 69% by stone-bund and 46% to 77% by reforestation. This study clearly demonstrates the efficacy of catchment management intervention (BMPs) for sustainable water resources development in the Eastern Nile basin.

scholarly journals Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Wakjira Takala Dibaba ◽  
Tamene Adugna Demissie ◽  
Konrad Miegel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Soil And Water

Excessive soil loss and sediment yield in the highlands of Ethiopia are the primary factors that accelerate the decline of land productivity, water resources, operation and function of existing water infrastructure, as well as soil and water management practices. This study was conducted at Finchaa catchment in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia to estimate the rate of soil erosion and sediment loss and prioritize the most sensitive sub-watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the observed streamflow and sediment data. The average annual sediment yield (SY) in Finchaa catchment for the period 1990–2015 was 36.47 ton ha−1 yr−1 with the annual yield varying from negligible to about 107.2 ton ha−1 yr−1. Five sub-basins which account for about 24.83% of the area were predicted to suffer severely from soil erosion risks, with SY in excess of 50 ton ha−1 yr−1. Only 15.05% of the area within the tolerable rate of loss (below 11 ton ha−1yr−1) was considered as the least prioritized areas for maintenance of crop production. Despite the reasonable reduction of sediment yields by the management scenarios, the reduction by contour farming, slope terracing, zero free grazing and reforestation were still above the tolerable soil loss. Vegetative contour strips and soil bund were significant in reducing SY below the tolerable soil loss, which is equivalent to 63.9% and 64.8% reduction, respectively. In general, effective and sustainable soil erosion management requires not only prioritizations of the erosion hotspots but also prioritizations of the most effective management practices. We believe that the results provided new and updated insights that enable a proactive approach to preserve the soil and reduce land degradation risks that could allow resource regeneration.

scholarly journals Evaluating and Predicting the Effects of Land Use Changes on Hydrology in Wami River Basin, Tanzania

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekela Twisa ◽  
Shija Kazumba ◽  
Mathew Kurian ◽  
Manfred F. Buchroithner
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
River System ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the variation in the hydrological response of a basin associated with land use changes is essential for developing management strategies for water resources. The impact of hydrological changes caused by expected land use changes may be severe for the Wami river system, given its role as a crucial area for water, providing food and livelihoods. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of land use changes on various elements of the hydrological processes of the basin. Hybrid classification, which includes unsupervised and supervised classification techniques, is used to process the images (2000 and 2016), while CA–Markov chain analysis is used to forecast and simulate the 2032 land use state. In the current study, a combined approach—including a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR)—is used to explore the influences of individual land use classes on fluctuations in the hydrological components. From the study, it is evident that land use has changed across the basin since 2000 (which is expected to continue in 2032), as well as that the hydrological effects caused by land use changes were observed. It has been found that the major land use changes that affected hydrology components in the basin were expansion of cultivation land, built-up area and grassland, and decline in natural forests and woodland during the study period. These findings provide baseline information for decision-makers and stakeholders concerning land and water resources for better planning and management decisions in the basin resources’ use.

scholarly journals Assessment of Suitable Land for Surface Irrigation in Ungauged Catchments: Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getenet Nigussie ◽  
Mamaru A. Moges ◽  
Michael M. Moges ◽  
Tammo S. Steenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Actual Surface ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Blue Nile Basin

Planning and decision making for new irrigation development projects requires the systematic assessment of irrigable land together with available water resources. The data required are usually not available in developing countries, and therefore a method was developed for quantifying surface water resources and potentially irrigable land in ungauged watersheds in the Upper Blue Nile Basin using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Multi-Criterion Decision Evaluation (MCDE). The method was tested using the Lah river basin in the Jabitenan district and then applied in the whole area, including ungauged areas. In MCDE, soil type, slope, land use, and river proximity were considered. Onion, Cabbage and Tomato were grown on the identified irrigable areas. The predicted monthly stream discharge agreed well with observed values, with Nash and Sutcliffe efficiencies of 0.87 during calibration and 0.68 for validation. The SWAT model calibrated parameters from the gauged catchment were used to simulate the discharge of the ungauged catchments. The potential irrigable land was determined in Jabitenan woreda and included the Rivers like Birr, Tikurwuha, Gunagun, Leza Lah, Geray, Arara, Debolah, Guysa, and Silala, with an area of 460 km2. By evaluating gross irrigation demand of irrigable land with available flow in rivers (both observed and simulated), the actual surface irrigation potential was 47 km2. The main limitation for surface irrigation in all districts was the available water and not the land suitable for irrigation. Therefore, the study suggests that in order to irrigate a greater portion of the irrigable land, water should be stored during the monsoon rain phase for use in the last part of the dry phase.

scholarly journals Evaluating the importance of surface soil contributions to reservoir sediment in alpine environments: a combined modelling and fingerprinting approach in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1155-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Palazón ◽  
L. Gaspar ◽  
B. Latorre ◽  
W. Blake ◽  
A. Navas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Sediment Sources ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Rugged Topography ◽  
Alpine Environments

Abstract. Soil in alpine environments plays a key role in the development of ecosystem. Identify, maintain and preserve its resources, as well as recognize processes that would affect them are important and of practical interest. Environmental concerns about these fragile systems which are threatened by the human pressure and climatic change have stressed the need to gather information in soil erosion processes. As most mountain alpine environment the Benasque catchment is characterized by temperatures below freezing that can last from November to April, strong rainfall events and rugged topography. Indirect studies, such as combined model approaches, could be an alternative to evaluate soil erosion on these areas. In this study the complementary tools of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and fingerprinting procedure were used to assess an initial approach on soil erosion processes which take place in the area of the Posets-Maladeta National Park (Central Spanish Pyrenees). Soil erosion rates and sediment contribution of potential sediment sources (Kastanozem/Phaeozem; Fluvisol; Cambisol and channel bed sediments) were assessed. SWAT model identified Cambisols as the main source of sediment of the Benasque catchment with the highest specific sediment yields and Phaeozems and Fluvisols were identified as the lowest sediment contributors. Spring and winter performed the highest and lowest specific sediment yield, respectively. Fingerprinting procedure identified channel bed sediment and Fluvisols as the main sediment sources indicating the main influence of connectivity. The combined approach enabled us to better understand soil erosion processes in the Benasque alpine catchment.

scholarly journals Evaluating the importance of surface soil contributions to reservoir sediment in alpine environments: a combined modelling and fingerprinting approach in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park

Solid Earth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 963-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Palazón ◽  
L. Gaspar ◽  
B. Latorre ◽  
W. H. Blake ◽  
A. Navas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Sediment Fingerprinting ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Resource Information ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Alpine Environments

Abstract. Soil in alpine environments plays a key role in the development of ecosystem services and in order to maintain and preserve this important resource, information is required on processes that lead to soil erosion. Similar to other mountain alpine environments, the Benasque catchment is characterised by temperatures below freezing that can last from November to April, intense rainfall events, typically in spring and autumn, and rugged topography which makes assessment of erosion challenging. Indirect approaches to soil erosion assessment, such as combined model approaches, offer an opportunity to evaluate soil erosion in such areas. In this study (i) the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological and erosion model and (ii) sediment fingerprinting procedures were used in parallel to assess the viability of a combined modelling and tracing approach to evaluate soil erosion processes in the area of the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park (central Spanish Pyrenees). Soil erosion rates and sediment contribution of potential sediment sources defined by soil type (Kastanozems/Phaeozems; Fluvisols and Cambisols) were assessed. The SWAT model suggested that, with the highest specific sediment yields, Cambisols are the main source of sediment in the Benasque catchment and Phaeozems and Fluvisols were identified as the lowest sediment contributors. Spring and winter model runs gave the highest and lowest specific sediment yield, respectively. In contrast, sediment fingerprinting analysis identified Fluvisols, which dominate the riparian zone, as the main sediment source at the time of sampling. This indicates the importance of connectivity as well as potential differences in the source dynamic of material in storage versus that transported efficiently from the system at times of high flow. The combined approach enabled us to better understand soil erosion processes in the Benasque alpine catchment, wherein SWAT identified areas of potential high sediment yield in large flood events but sediment fingerprinting identified areas that, due to high connectivity, contribute more to channel-stored sediment deposits.

scholarly journals Impact of Change in Land Use Land Cover on Water Resources in Gundlakamma Sub Basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
N. Hari ◽  
A. Mani ◽  
H. V. Hema Kumar ◽  
V. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
L. Edukondalu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Good Agreement

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of land use cover change on water resources availability in Gundlakamma Subbasin. The Gundlakamma subbasin is predominantly agricultural based and Gundlakamma is a seasonal river. Hence, a study has been conducted to simulate the availability of water resources in the subbasin using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. The database was generated like DEM, soil map and land use/cover using the secondary data and field survey. The SWAT model was calibrated three years (2010-2012) and validated with four years (2013-2016) with the observed discharges from reservoir outflow. The values of NSE and R2 was found as 0.79 and 0.87 during calibration, 0.65 and 0.72, respectively during validation. The modelled values showed reasonably good agreement with the observed values of reservoir outflow, both during calibration and validation periods. The reservoir outflow in the subbasin was quantified under the change land use conditions.

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