scholarly journals Hydrogeothermal modelling vs. inorganic chemical composition of thermal waters from the area of Carballiño (NW Spain)

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Delgado-Outeiriño ◽  
P. Araujo-Nespereira ◽  
J. A. Cid-Fernández ◽  
J. C. Mejuto ◽  
E. Martínez-Carballo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Inorganic Chemical ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Abstract. Hydrothermic features in Galicia (northwest Spain) have been used since ancient times for therapeutic purposes. A characterization of these thermal waters was carried out in order to understand their behaviour based on inorganic pattern and water-rock interaction mechanisms. In this way 15 thermal water samples were collected in the same hydrographical system. The selected thermal water samples were classified using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis in two groups according to their chemical composition: group I with the young water samples and group II with the samples with longest water-rock contact time. This classification agreed with the results obtained by the use of geothermometers and hydrogeochemical modelling, where the samples were classified into two categories according their residence time in the reservoir and their water-rock interaction.

scholarly journals Classification of thermal waters based on their inorganic fingerprint and hydrogeothermal modelling

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4559-4581 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Delgado-Outeiriño ◽  
P. Araujo-Nespereira ◽  
J. A. Cid-Fernández ◽  
J. C. Mejuto ◽  
E. Martínez-Carballo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Modelling ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Abstract. Hydrothermal features in Galicia have been used since ancient times for therapeutic purposes. A characterization of these thermal waters was carried out in order to understand their behaviour based on inorganic pattern and water-rock interaction mechanisms. In this way 15 thermal water samples were collected in the same hydrographical system. The results of the hydrogeochemistry analysis showed one main water family of bicarbonate type sodium waters, typical in the post-orogenic basins of Galicia. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial lest squared (PLS) clustered the selected thermal waters in two groups, regarding to their chemical composition. This classification agreed with the results obtained by the use of geothermometers and the hydrogeochemical modelling. The first included thermal samples that could be in contact with surface waters and therefore, their residence time in the reservoir and their water-rock interaction would be less important than for the thermal waters of the second group.

scholarly journals The Annenskiy thermal waters as the certain stage of the water-rock interaction (Far East, Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 01054
Author(s):  
Elena Zippa ◽  
Ivan Bragin ◽  
George Chelnokov ◽  
Natalia Kharitonova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Far East ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geochemical Environment ◽  
Rock System ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
East Russia ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Chemical composition and saturation degree of the Annenskiy thermal waters to minerals of water-bearing rock have been considered in the manuscript. It is shown that the thermal waters are low mineralized, alkaline and belong to HCO3-Na type. The thermal waters-rock system is equilibrium-nonequilibrium. It means that the waters dissolve primary minerals continuously, never reaching saturation (anorthite, K-field spar and etc.), and form new secondary mineral phases simultaneously, reaching saturation (gibbsite, montmorillonite, albite and etc.). Besides, peculiarities of the equilibrium with minerals of water-bearing rocks for surface and ground waters of the studied region was considered. It is established that the thermal waters are ahead of surface and ground waters and represent the certain stage of the water-rock system evolution. The stage is characterized by the certain chemical composition (TDS=148-317 mg/L, HCO3-Na, SiO2=9-80 mg/L), complex of secondary minerals (calcite, albite, laumontite and etc.) and special geochemical environment (pH 8.2-8.6).

scholarly journals Using the multivariate statistical analysis for understanding of chemical composition of saline lakes in south part of Western Siberia, Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 07012
Author(s):  
Marina Kolpakova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Saline Lakes ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
R Programming Language ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Major ion and trace elements chemistry of fifty-eight water samples of southern part of Western Siberia (Russia) were analysed with a suite of statistical techniques (using R programming language), in an effort to explain the key processes affecting chemical composition of saline lakes. The database included data about well, river, and lake waters and groundwater. According to performed cluster analysis of chemical data, all lakes in the area can be divided in to 5 main groups and their chemical composition very similar to rivers and deep groundwater. Shallow groundwaters are more enriched in Ca2+ and Mg2+. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified four main principal components, with the first principal component (PC1) accounting for 44.3% and representing the process of salinization, and PC2 and PC3 (17.9 and 8.6% of total variance) controlled by water-rock interaction process of carbonates/sulphates precipitation and aluminosilicates formation.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of strontium in fresh underground waters of the Sredneobskoy basin (Tomsk region, Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Irina Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Strontium Content ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Resident Time ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

In the central part of Western Siberia a study of the chemical composition of fresh underground waters in the upper 600 m of the Sredneobskoy artesian basin was carried out. It was shown that underground waters generally contain high concentrations of strontium. The minimum concentrations of Sr are typical for Neogene-Quaternary sediments (600 µg/L), maximum values in the waters of the Upper Cretaceous sediments (more than 1300 µg/L). The study of strontium accumulation mechanisms in drinking underground waters is undoubtedly an important issue, as strontium is a biologically active element. Especially dangerous is the consumption of underground waters with a calcium-strontium ratio less than 100, that is the hydrogeochemical precondition for Urov endemic (Kashin-Beck disease). According to the calcium/strontium ratios data waters of the Neogene-Quaternary and Paleogene sediments selected in the south-western part of the Tomsk region are unsuitable for drinking water supply. Underground waters are shown to be in equilibrium with Al and Fe hydroxides; Ca, Mg, Fe carbonates; and clay minerals, including ferruginous. Increased strontium content in aquifers is determined not only by the chemical composition of the water-bearing rocks, but also increasing resident time of water rock interaction.

Limitation of hardness from thermal water by means of nanofiltration

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2025-2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csilla Maria Tonko ◽  
Andras Kiraly ◽  
Peter Mizsey ◽  
Gyorgy Patzay ◽  
Edit Csefalvay
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Divalent Ions ◽  
Visual Minteq ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Batch Plant

Geothermal conditions are extremely favourable in Hungary. Thermal water is accessible in 70% of the territory of the country, with a lowest temperature of 30°C. For energetic purposes, it can be utilized in two different ways: for supplying heat or generating electricity. In relation to utilization, one of the most serious problems derives from the chemical composition of thermal water. The present paper investigates the opportunities of preventing scaling by nanofiltration. Experiments were performed on a Thin Film NF DK membrane, thermostated at 50°C and at a pressure of 3.5 MPa with four different samples (from four Hungarian cities – Eger, Mezőkövesd, Bogács, Miskolc-Tapolca) using batch plant. Reproducibility of experiments was also investigated using water samples from Komárom at 50 and 60°C. The results showed that NF DK could achieve high retention of divalent ions. The results of the second phase of the experiments proved that water flux and rejections were very stable. After filtration, the scaling properties of thermal water were simulated with the help of chemical equilibrium modelling software, called Visual MINTEQ 3.0. The results of the permeate samples prove that nanofiltration is a successful process in preventing scaling of thermal water for further use.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment and geochemical processes in the unconfined coastal Boa Viagem Aquifer, Recife, NE Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-77
Author(s):  
Thyego Silva ◽  
Mariucha Lima ◽  
Teresa Leitão ◽  
Tiago Martins ◽  
Mateus Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

A hydrochemical study was conducted on the Quaternary Aquifer, in Recife, Brazil. Groundwater samples were collected in March–April 2015, at the beginning of the rainy season. Conventional graphics, ionic ratios, saturation indices, GIS mapping, and geostatistical and multivariate statistical analyses were used to water quality assessment and to characterize the main hydrochemical processes controlling groundwater’s chemistry. Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis separated the samples into three clusters and five sub-clusters according to their hydrochemical similarities and facies. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to the studied groundwater samples where a three-factor model explains 80% of the total variation within the dataset. The PCA results revealed the influence of seawater intrusion, water-rock interaction, and nitrate contamination. The physico-chemical parameters of ~30% groundwaters exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. Nitrate was found at a concentration >10 mg NO3−/L in ~21% of the wells and exceeded WHO reference values in one. The integrated approach indicates the occurrence of the main major hydrogeochemical processes occurring in the shallow marine to alluvial aquifer as follow: 1) progressive freshening of remaining paleo-seawater accompanying cation exchange on fine sediments, 2) water-rock interaction (i.e., dissolution of silicates), and 3) point and diffuse wastewater contamination, and sulfate dissolution. This study successfully highlights the use of classical geochemical methods, GIS techniques, and multivariate statistical analyses (hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses) as complementary tools to understand hydrogeochemical processes and their influence on groundwater quality status to management actions, which could be used in similar alluvial coastal aquifers.

scholarly journals Caractérisations hydrogéochimiques et qualités des eaux de la nappe phréatique du haut bassin versant de la Korama, commune de Droum /région de Zinder (Niger /Afrique de l’Ouest)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1862-1877
Author(s):  
Issa Malam Salmanou Souleymane ◽  
Maman Sani Abdou Babaye ◽  
Illias Alhassane ◽  
Ousmane Boureima
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Wilcox Diagram ◽  
Continental Intercalaire ◽  
Calcium Bicarbonate ◽  
Bassin Versant ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

La, Commune de Droum, zone d’étude , est située entre 13°23’ et 13°48’ de latitude Nord, 8°39’ et 9°1’ de longitude Est. Elle dispose de trois aquifères, dont l’aquifère phréatique des sables récents ayant de hautes potentialités en eau souterraine. Cet aquifère est très sollicité pour l’approvisionnement en eau de boisson, l’abreuvage des animaux et l’irrigation qui est en pleine expansion. Or, il est très sensible à la pollution anthropique en raison de sa faible profondeur. L’objectif de cette étude est de caractériser cet aquifère du point de vue hydrogéochimique et de l’aptitude de ces eaux à la consommation humaine et à l’irrigation. La méthodologie appliquée fait appel aux approches hydrochimiques classiques, à l’Analyse en Composante Principale (ACP) et aux techniques d’évaluation de la qualité des eaux pour l’irrigation (SAR / USSL, %Na / Wilcox, RSC). Les résultats montrent que 45%des eaux échantillonnées sont de faciès chloruré calcique et magnésien (CaMgCl), 33% de faciès bicarbonaté calcique (CaHCO3) et 22% de faciès chloruré calcique (CaCl). Les deux principaux mécanismes hydrogéochimiques qui se sont révélés être à l’origine de l’acquisition des ions conduisant à ces différents faciès sont l’interaction eau-roche et les précipitations. Le rapprochement des résultats analytiques normes de l’OMS (2011), indique que les eaux étudiées sont en majorité de bonne qualité pour tous les ions considérés. Néanmoins quelques échantillons présentent des teneurs en NO3, Fe, et F dépassant leurs normes respectives. Les taux de Na (%Na), les valeurs du SAR et le positionnement des échantillons sur le diagramme de Wilcox indiquent que les eaux sont excellentes pour l’irrigation.Mots clés : Hydrogéochimie, Socle, irrigation, Climat aride, Continental Intercalaire /Hamadien. The Droum commune, study area , is located between latitude 13 ° 23 'and 13 ° 48' N, and between 8 ° 39 'and 9 ° 1' East. It has three aquifers, including the aquifer of recent sands with high potential in groundwater. This aquifer is in great demand for the supply of drinking water, animal watering and irrigation which is in full expansion. However, this aquifer is very sensitive to anthropogenic pollution because of its shallow depth. The objective of this study is to characterize this aquifer from the hydrogeochemical point of view and the suitability of these waters for human consumption and irrigation. The methodology applied uses classical hydrochemical approaches, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and techniques assessing t the water quality for irrigation (SAR/USSL, %Na/Wilcox, RSC). The results show that 45% of the waters are calcium chlorides and magnesium facies (CaMgCl), 33% calcium bicarbonate facies (CaHCO3) and 22% calcium chlorides facies (CaCl). Two main hydrogeochemical mechanisms which have been shown to be at the origin of the acquisition of the ions leading to these different facies are the water-rock interaction and the atmospheric precipitations. The comparison of analytical results with the WHO standard (2011) indicates that most the waters studied are mostly of good quality for all ions considered. However, some samples have levels of NO3, Fe, and F exceeding the norm. The Na levels (% Na), the SAR values and the Wilcox diagram indicate that the waters are excellent for irrigation. Keywords: Hydrochemistry, Socle, irrigation, Arid Climate, Continental Intercalary/Hamadien Niger.

scholarly journals The effect of thermal water aeration and water—rock interaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-320
Author(s):  
Imre Czinkota ◽  
János Szanyi ◽  
Balázs Kovács ◽  
András Sebők ◽  
Ildikó Hajdok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Water ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

scholarly journals Factors Controlling of Thermal Water Hydrogeochemical Characteristics in Tatun Volcano Group, Taiwan

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2473
Author(s):  
Hung-Hsiang Hsu ◽  
Hsin-Fu Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geochemical Composition

The Tatun geothermal system is located in Northern Taiwan and is hosted by the Tatun volcano group (TVG). The variation in the geochemical composition of thermal waters is considered to be an important indicator of volcanic activity. In this study, we analyzed the chemical and isotopic compositions of hot springs in the TVG. A chemical and multicomponent geothermometer was used to estimate the reservoir temperature, and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes were used to determine the source of the thermal water. The presence of thick andesite and fractures allowed the formation of different type of springs in the center close each other with lower temperatures and acidic springs with higher temperatures at the northeast and southwest sides of the Tatun geothermal field. The saturation index showed that the concentration of SiO2 in the thermal water was controlled by quartz. The multicomponent geothermometer indicated a reservoir temperature between 130 °C and 190 °C, and the geothermal water in Longfengku, Lengshniken, Matsao and Szehuangping may have mixed with shallow groundwater. Isotope data indicated that the stream water and groundwater originated from meteoric water, and the spring water showed a significant oxygen shift, due to water–rock interaction and evaporation. The isotopes of the fluid in the TVG are also affected by the seasonal monsoon. These results can serve as a reference for designing a conceptual model of the spring in the Tatun geothermal system.

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