scholarly journals Classification of thermal waters based on their inorganic fingerprint and hydrogeothermal modelling

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4559-4581 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Delgado-Outeiriño ◽  
P. Araujo-Nespereira ◽  
J. A. Cid-Fernández ◽  
J. C. Mejuto ◽  
E. Martínez-Carballo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Modelling ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Abstract. Hydrothermal features in Galicia have been used since ancient times for therapeutic purposes. A characterization of these thermal waters was carried out in order to understand their behaviour based on inorganic pattern and water-rock interaction mechanisms. In this way 15 thermal water samples were collected in the same hydrographical system. The results of the hydrogeochemistry analysis showed one main water family of bicarbonate type sodium waters, typical in the post-orogenic basins of Galicia. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial lest squared (PLS) clustered the selected thermal waters in two groups, regarding to their chemical composition. This classification agreed with the results obtained by the use of geothermometers and the hydrogeochemical modelling. The first included thermal samples that could be in contact with surface waters and therefore, their residence time in the reservoir and their water-rock interaction would be less important than for the thermal waters of the second group.

scholarly journals Hydrogeothermal modelling vs. inorganic chemical composition of thermal waters from the area of Carballiño (NW Spain)

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Delgado-Outeiriño ◽  
P. Araujo-Nespereira ◽  
J. A. Cid-Fernández ◽  
J. C. Mejuto ◽  
E. Martínez-Carballo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Inorganic Chemical ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Abstract. Hydrothermic features in Galicia (northwest Spain) have been used since ancient times for therapeutic purposes. A characterization of these thermal waters was carried out in order to understand their behaviour based on inorganic pattern and water-rock interaction mechanisms. In this way 15 thermal water samples were collected in the same hydrographical system. The selected thermal water samples were classified using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis in two groups according to their chemical composition: group I with the young water samples and group II with the samples with longest water-rock contact time. This classification agreed with the results obtained by the use of geothermometers and hydrogeochemical modelling, where the samples were classified into two categories according their residence time in the reservoir and their water-rock interaction.

scholarly journals Semi-automated regional classification of the style of activity of slow rock-slope deformations using PS InSAR and SqueeSAR velocity data

Landslides ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Crippa ◽  
Elena Valbuzzi ◽  
Paolo Frattini ◽  
Giovanni B. Crosta ◽  
Margherita C. Spreafico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Slope ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Displacement Rate ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Alpine Environments

AbstractLarge slow rock-slope deformations, including deep-seated gravitational slope deformations and large landslides, are widespread in alpine environments. They develop over thousands of years by progressive failure, resulting in slow movements that impact infrastructures and can eventually evolve into catastrophic rockslides. A robust characterization of their style of activity is thus required in a risk management perspective. We combine an original inventory of slow rock-slope deformations with different PS-InSAR and SqueeSAR datasets to develop a novel, semi-automated approach to characterize and classify 208 slow rock-slope deformations in Lombardia (Italian Central Alps) based on their displacement rate, kinematics, heterogeneity and morphometric expression. Through a peak analysis of displacement rate distributions, we characterize the segmentation of mapped landslides and highlight the occurrence of nested sectors with differential activity and displacement rates. Combining 2D decomposition of InSAR velocity vectors and machine learning classification, we develop an automatic approach to characterize the kinematics of each landslide. Then, we sequentially combine principal component and K-medoids cluster analyses to identify groups of slow rock-slope deformations with consistent styles of activity. Our methodology is readily applicable to different landslide datasets and provides an objective and cost-effective support to land planning and the prioritization of local-scale studies aimed at granting safety and infrastructure integrity.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment and geochemical processes in the unconfined coastal Boa Viagem Aquifer, Recife, NE Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-77
Author(s):  
Thyego Silva ◽  
Mariucha Lima ◽  
Teresa Leitão ◽  
Tiago Martins ◽  
Mateus Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

A hydrochemical study was conducted on the Quaternary Aquifer, in Recife, Brazil. Groundwater samples were collected in March–April 2015, at the beginning of the rainy season. Conventional graphics, ionic ratios, saturation indices, GIS mapping, and geostatistical and multivariate statistical analyses were used to water quality assessment and to characterize the main hydrochemical processes controlling groundwater’s chemistry. Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis separated the samples into three clusters and five sub-clusters according to their hydrochemical similarities and facies. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to the studied groundwater samples where a three-factor model explains 80% of the total variation within the dataset. The PCA results revealed the influence of seawater intrusion, water-rock interaction, and nitrate contamination. The physico-chemical parameters of ~30% groundwaters exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. Nitrate was found at a concentration >10 mg NO3−/L in ~21% of the wells and exceeded WHO reference values in one. The integrated approach indicates the occurrence of the main major hydrogeochemical processes occurring in the shallow marine to alluvial aquifer as follow: 1) progressive freshening of remaining paleo-seawater accompanying cation exchange on fine sediments, 2) water-rock interaction (i.e., dissolution of silicates), and 3) point and diffuse wastewater contamination, and sulfate dissolution. This study successfully highlights the use of classical geochemical methods, GIS techniques, and multivariate statistical analyses (hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses) as complementary tools to understand hydrogeochemical processes and their influence on groundwater quality status to management actions, which could be used in similar alluvial coastal aquifers.

scholarly journals The Annenskiy thermal waters as the certain stage of the water-rock interaction (Far East, Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 01054
Author(s):  
Elena Zippa ◽  
Ivan Bragin ◽  
George Chelnokov ◽  
Natalia Kharitonova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Far East ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geochemical Environment ◽  
Rock System ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
East Russia ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Chemical composition and saturation degree of the Annenskiy thermal waters to minerals of water-bearing rock have been considered in the manuscript. It is shown that the thermal waters are low mineralized, alkaline and belong to HCO3-Na type. The thermal waters-rock system is equilibrium-nonequilibrium. It means that the waters dissolve primary minerals continuously, never reaching saturation (anorthite, K-field spar and etc.), and form new secondary mineral phases simultaneously, reaching saturation (gibbsite, montmorillonite, albite and etc.). Besides, peculiarities of the equilibrium with minerals of water-bearing rocks for surface and ground waters of the studied region was considered. It is established that the thermal waters are ahead of surface and ground waters and represent the certain stage of the water-rock system evolution. The stage is characterized by the certain chemical composition (TDS=148-317 mg/L, HCO3-Na, SiO2=9-80 mg/L), complex of secondary minerals (calcite, albite, laumontite and etc.) and special geochemical environment (pH 8.2-8.6).

scholarly journals Contribution to the Chromatic Characterization of Unifloral Honeys from Galicia (NW Spain)

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Escuredo ◽  
María Shantal Rodríguez-Flores ◽  
Sergio Rojo-Martínez ◽  
María Carmen Seijo
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Forward Stepwise ◽  
Unifloral Honey

Honey color and other physicochemical characteristics depend mainly on the botanical and geographical origin. The study of these properties could make easier a correct classification of unifloral honey. This work determined the palynological characteristics and some physicochemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, and color (Pfund scale and the CIELa*b* coordinates), as well as the total content of the bioactive compounds phenols and flavonoids of ninety-three honey samples. Samples were classified as chestnut, blackberry, heather, eucalyptus, and honeydew honey. The study showed a close relationship between the physicochemical variables and the botanical origin. The five types of honey presented different physicochemical properties among them. A principal component analysis showed that Hue, lightness, b*, and Chroma variables were important for the honey types classification, followed by Erica pollen, pH, Cytisus, and Castanea variables. A forward stepwise regression analysis was performed introducing as dependent variables the color (mm Pfund) and the Chroma and the Hue variables. The regression models obtained explained 86%, 74%, and 86% of the variance of the data, respectively. The combination of the chromatic and physicochemical and pollen variables through the use of multivariable methods was optimal to characterize and group the honey samples studied.

Characterization of olive germplasm by chemical oil components and morphological descriptors in Basilicata region (Italy)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Alba ◽  
V. Bisignano ◽  
A. Rotundo ◽  
G. B. Polignano ◽  
E. Alba
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Cultivar Group ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Coefficients Of Variations ◽  
Oil Components

In this paper, we describe variations among autochthonous olive cultivars from five different areas in Basilicata (Southern Italy) classified according to 33 chemical oil components and morphological traits. While all examined descriptors show no significant differences among cultivars, means and coefficients of variations have been highlighted. Principal component analysis has then been used to reduce the number of descriptors. Cultivars have been classified by cluster analysis into three groups. Following a discussion of cultivar group similarities, results suggest that an ‘a priori’ classification of cultivars according to growing area does not strictly correspond to phenotypic grouping. From the spatial distribution of cultivars, however, it has been possible to identify ‘superior’ genotypes in terms of olive oil composition.

Major and trace element compositions (including REE) of mineral, thermal, mine and surface waters in SW Germany and implications for water–rock interaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 127-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Göb ◽  
Anselm Loges ◽  
Nils Nolde ◽  
Michael Bau ◽  
Dorrit E. Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

scholarly journals Caractérisations hydrogéochimiques et qualités des eaux de la nappe phréatique du haut bassin versant de la Korama, commune de Droum /région de Zinder (Niger /Afrique de l’Ouest)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1862-1877
Author(s):  
Issa Malam Salmanou Souleymane ◽  
Maman Sani Abdou Babaye ◽  
Illias Alhassane ◽  
Ousmane Boureima
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Wilcox Diagram ◽  
Continental Intercalaire ◽  
Calcium Bicarbonate ◽  
Bassin Versant ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

La, Commune de Droum, zone d’étude , est située entre 13°23’ et 13°48’ de latitude Nord, 8°39’ et 9°1’ de longitude Est. Elle dispose de trois aquifères, dont l’aquifère phréatique des sables récents ayant de hautes potentialités en eau souterraine. Cet aquifère est très sollicité pour l’approvisionnement en eau de boisson, l’abreuvage des animaux et l’irrigation qui est en pleine expansion. Or, il est très sensible à la pollution anthropique en raison de sa faible profondeur. L’objectif de cette étude est de caractériser cet aquifère du point de vue hydrogéochimique et de l’aptitude de ces eaux à la consommation humaine et à l’irrigation. La méthodologie appliquée fait appel aux approches hydrochimiques classiques, à l’Analyse en Composante Principale (ACP) et aux techniques d’évaluation de la qualité des eaux pour l’irrigation (SAR / USSL, %Na / Wilcox, RSC). Les résultats montrent que 45%des eaux échantillonnées sont de faciès chloruré calcique et magnésien (CaMgCl), 33% de faciès bicarbonaté calcique (CaHCO3) et 22% de faciès chloruré calcique (CaCl). Les deux principaux mécanismes hydrogéochimiques qui se sont révélés être à l’origine de l’acquisition des ions conduisant à ces différents faciès sont l’interaction eau-roche et les précipitations. Le rapprochement des résultats analytiques normes de l’OMS (2011), indique que les eaux étudiées sont en majorité de bonne qualité pour tous les ions considérés. Néanmoins quelques échantillons présentent des teneurs en NO3, Fe, et F dépassant leurs normes respectives. Les taux de Na (%Na), les valeurs du SAR et le positionnement des échantillons sur le diagramme de Wilcox indiquent que les eaux sont excellentes pour l’irrigation.Mots clés : Hydrogéochimie, Socle, irrigation, Climat aride, Continental Intercalaire /Hamadien. The Droum commune, study area , is located between latitude 13 ° 23 'and 13 ° 48' N, and between 8 ° 39 'and 9 ° 1' East. It has three aquifers, including the aquifer of recent sands with high potential in groundwater. This aquifer is in great demand for the supply of drinking water, animal watering and irrigation which is in full expansion. However, this aquifer is very sensitive to anthropogenic pollution because of its shallow depth. The objective of this study is to characterize this aquifer from the hydrogeochemical point of view and the suitability of these waters for human consumption and irrigation. The methodology applied uses classical hydrochemical approaches, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and techniques assessing t the water quality for irrigation (SAR/USSL, %Na/Wilcox, RSC). The results show that 45% of the waters are calcium chlorides and magnesium facies (CaMgCl), 33% calcium bicarbonate facies (CaHCO3) and 22% calcium chlorides facies (CaCl). Two main hydrogeochemical mechanisms which have been shown to be at the origin of the acquisition of the ions leading to these different facies are the water-rock interaction and the atmospheric precipitations. The comparison of analytical results with the WHO standard (2011) indicates that most the waters studied are mostly of good quality for all ions considered. However, some samples have levels of NO3, Fe, and F exceeding the norm. The Na levels (% Na), the SAR values and the Wilcox diagram indicate that the waters are excellent for irrigation. Keywords: Hydrochemistry, Socle, irrigation, Arid Climate, Continental Intercalary/Hamadien Niger.

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