scholarly journals Factors Controlling of Thermal Water Hydrogeochemical Characteristics in Tatun Volcano Group, Taiwan

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2473
Author(s):  
Hung-Hsiang Hsu ◽  
Hsin-Fu Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geochemical Composition

The Tatun geothermal system is located in Northern Taiwan and is hosted by the Tatun volcano group (TVG). The variation in the geochemical composition of thermal waters is considered to be an important indicator of volcanic activity. In this study, we analyzed the chemical and isotopic compositions of hot springs in the TVG. A chemical and multicomponent geothermometer was used to estimate the reservoir temperature, and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes were used to determine the source of the thermal water. The presence of thick andesite and fractures allowed the formation of different type of springs in the center close each other with lower temperatures and acidic springs with higher temperatures at the northeast and southwest sides of the Tatun geothermal field. The saturation index showed that the concentration of SiO2 in the thermal water was controlled by quartz. The multicomponent geothermometer indicated a reservoir temperature between 130 °C and 190 °C, and the geothermal water in Longfengku, Lengshniken, Matsao and Szehuangping may have mixed with shallow groundwater. Isotope data indicated that the stream water and groundwater originated from meteoric water, and the spring water showed a significant oxygen shift, due to water–rock interaction and evaporation. The isotopes of the fluid in the TVG are also affected by the seasonal monsoon. These results can serve as a reference for designing a conceptual model of the spring in the Tatun geothermal system.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Characterization of GeothermalWater in Arjuno-Welirang, East Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Vanadia Martadiastuti ◽  
Agung Harijoko ◽  
I Wayan Warmada ◽  
Kotaro Yonezu
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
System Data ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Characterization

Arjuno-Welirang Volcanic Complex (AWVC) is one of geothermal fields whichlocated in East Java province, Indonesia. It belongs to a Quarternary volcanic arc and has potential for development of electricity. The field is situated in a steep volcanic terrain and there are only few geothermal manifestations, i.e., hot springs, fumaroles, solfataras, steaming ground and hydrothermal alteration. This study aims to classify the type and source of geothermal fluid and to estimate the reservoir condition of Arjuno- Welirang geothermal system. Data are obtained from collecting water samples including hot springs, cold springs, river waters and rain water, then they are analyzed using ICP-AES, titration and ion chromatography.All thermal waters have temperatures from 39.5–53°C and weakly acidic pH (5.2–6.5). Cangar and Padusanhot springs show bicarbonate water, formed by steam condensing or groundwater mixing. On the other hand, Songgoriti shows Cl-HCO3 type, formed by dilution of chloride fluid by either groundwater or bicarbonate water during lateral flow. All of the waters represent immature waters, indicating no strong outflow of neutral Cl-rich deep waters in AWVC. Cl/B ratios show that all water samples have a similar mixing ratio, showing they are from common fluid sources. However, Padusan and Songgoriti have higher Cl/B ratios than Cangar, suggesting that geothermal fluids possibly have reacted with sedimentary rocks before ascending to the surface. All waters were possibly mixed with shallow groundwater and they underwent rock-water reactions at depth before ascending to the surface. An estimated temperatures reservoir calculated using CO2 geothermometer yielded temperatures of 262–263 °C based on collecting of fumarole gas at Mt. Welirang crater. According to their characteristics, Cangar and Padusan are associated with AWVC, while Songgoriti is associated with Mt. Kawi.

scholarly journals Chemical and isotopic signatures of hot springs from east-central Sonora State, Mexico: a new prospection survey of promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Almirudis ◽  
Edgar R. Santoyo-Gutiérrez ◽  
Mirna Guevara ◽  
Francisco Paz-Moreno ◽  
Enrique Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
The Mean

A promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal system located in Sonora (Mexico) has been studied. In the present work, a detailed geochemical survey was carried out to understand the hydrogeochemical signatures of hot spring waters. A field work campaign was conducted for collecting water samples from twelve hot springs placed in four major zones (NW, NE, C, and S). The collected samples were analysed by chemical and isotopic methods for determining their chemical (major and trace elements) and isotopic (18O/16O and D/H) compositions. Using geochemometric analyses of the fluid composition and fractionation, depletion and enrichment processes exhibited by major and trace elements were analysed. Hydrogeochemical classification was used to indicate the presence of sodium-sulphate (Na-SO4) waters in the North (NW and NE) and South hydrothermal zones; whereas calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate (Ca-Mg-HCO3) waters were identified for the Central zone. Some hot spring waters located in the NE zone were also typified as sodium-bicarbonate (Na-HCO3). In relation to the isotopic signatures of 18O/16O and D/H, four water samples from NE and C zones lie near to the global meteoric water line; whereas the remaining eight samples showed a shift for both oxygen and deuterium isotopes. A mixing line with a small shift of δ18O was identified and used as a proxy to discriminate waters with different isotopic signatures. After applying a geochemometric outliers detection/rejection and an iterative ANOVA statistical test, the mean temperature inferred from the most reliable solute geothermometers was 149±40 °C, which suggests to be considered as the minimum value of the reservoir temperature. As most of the hot spring waters fall outside of the full equilibrium curve, the original reservoir conditions were corrected by using a mixing conductive model, which predicted a deep equilibrium temperature of 210±11 °C. As this temperature is considerably higher than the mean temperature inferred from the geothermometers, it was suggested as an optimistic maximum reservoir temperature of the Sonora geothermal system. Using 150 °C and 200 °C as rounded-off reservoir temperatures (or min-max estimates), geochemical equilibria modelling based on fluid-mineral stability diagrams was carried out. An equilibrium process among local hydrothermal waters and albite-potassium feldespar and muscovite-prehnite-laumontite mineral assemblages was found. These minerals were proposed as representative mineral assemblages of low-grade metamorphism, which seems to indicate that the geothermal fluid equilibria were probably reached within the intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks from the Tarahumara Formation.

scholarly journals Hydrogeothermal modelling vs. inorganic chemical composition of thermal waters from the area of Carballiño (NW Spain)

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Delgado-Outeiriño ◽  
P. Araujo-Nespereira ◽  
J. A. Cid-Fernández ◽  
J. C. Mejuto ◽  
E. Martínez-Carballo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Inorganic Chemical ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Abstract. Hydrothermic features in Galicia (northwest Spain) have been used since ancient times for therapeutic purposes. A characterization of these thermal waters was carried out in order to understand their behaviour based on inorganic pattern and water-rock interaction mechanisms. In this way 15 thermal water samples were collected in the same hydrographical system. The selected thermal water samples were classified using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis in two groups according to their chemical composition: group I with the young water samples and group II with the samples with longest water-rock contact time. This classification agreed with the results obtained by the use of geothermometers and hydrogeochemical modelling, where the samples were classified into two categories according their residence time in the reservoir and their water-rock interaction.

scholarly journals Geothermometric evaluation of geothermal resources in southeastern Idaho

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Neupane ◽  
E. D. Mattson ◽  
T. L. McLing ◽  
C. D. Palmer ◽  
R. W. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Shallow Wells

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Southeastern Idaho exhibits numerous warm springs, warm water from shallow wells, and hot water from oil and gas test wells that indicate a potential for geothermal development in the area. We have estimated reservoir temperatures from chemical composition of thermal waters in southeastern Idaho using an inverse geochemical modeling technique (Reservoir Temperature Estimator, RTEst) that calculates the temperature at which multiple minerals are simultaneously at equilibrium while explicitly accounting for the possible loss of volatile constituents (e.g., CO<sub>2</sub>), boiling and/or water mixing. The temperature estimates in the region varied from moderately warm (59<span class="thinspace"></span>°C) to over 175<span class="thinspace"></span>°C. Specifically, hot springs near Preston, Idaho, resulted in the highest reservoir temperature estimates in the region.</p>

scholarly journals The main geothermal reservoirs in the south Algeria and their interest for local economic development

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Abdelkader Ait-Ouali ◽  
Salima Ouali ◽  
MM Hadjiat ◽  
Khaled Imessad
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Geothermal Reservoir ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Hot Arid Climate ◽  
Very High

The study area is one of the important geothermal provinces in south Algeria. It is characterized by a hot arid climate with intense dryness and very high evaporation rates. The Albian geothermal system is exploited by the wells mainly for domestic and agricultural purposes. The sandstone Continental Intercalary (CI) formation constitutes the reservoir for the Albian aquifer, covering an area of 600,000 km2. This reservoir is covered by calcareous formations which yield the chemical characteristics of highly mineralized Na-Cl type representing the deep thermal waters and Ca-SO4 type determined the presence of evaporate lithology . For a better understanding of geothermal reservoir characteristic, a multidisciplinary approach was adopted, including hydrogeochemistry and geothermometry. More than fifty samples collected from wells recently in 2017 with a temperature average between 38 and 60° C and conductivities range from 2010 to 3460 μS/cm. Geochemical analysis of those thermal waters exhibits a certain degree of salinity with sodium-chloride type waters domination. The maximal geothermal reservoir temperature estimated using geothermometry is about 120°C.

scholarly journals Classification of thermal waters based on their inorganic fingerprint and hydrogeothermal modelling

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4559-4581 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Delgado-Outeiriño ◽  
P. Araujo-Nespereira ◽  
J. A. Cid-Fernández ◽  
J. C. Mejuto ◽  
E. Martínez-Carballo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Modelling ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Abstract. Hydrothermal features in Galicia have been used since ancient times for therapeutic purposes. A characterization of these thermal waters was carried out in order to understand their behaviour based on inorganic pattern and water-rock interaction mechanisms. In this way 15 thermal water samples were collected in the same hydrographical system. The results of the hydrogeochemistry analysis showed one main water family of bicarbonate type sodium waters, typical in the post-orogenic basins of Galicia. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial lest squared (PLS) clustered the selected thermal waters in two groups, regarding to their chemical composition. This classification agreed with the results obtained by the use of geothermometers and the hydrogeochemical modelling. The first included thermal samples that could be in contact with surface waters and therefore, their residence time in the reservoir and their water-rock interaction would be less important than for the thermal waters of the second group.

scholarly journals Fluid Geochemistry of Fault Zone Hydrothermal System in the Yidun-Litang Area, Eastern Tibetan Plateau Geothermal Belt

Geofluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Hou ◽  
Zheming Shi ◽  
Wenqing Mu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Eastern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Type Water

The geochemical and geothermal characteristics of hydrothermal systems in an area are useful information to appropriately evaluate the geothermal potential. In this paper, we investigated the chemical and isotopic composition of thermal water in an underexploited geothermal belt, Yidun-Litang area, in eastern Tibetan Plateau. 24 hot spring samples from the Yidun and Litang area were collected and analyzed. The water chemical types of the hot springs are mainly Na-HCO3-type water. Water-rock interaction and cation exchange and mixture are the dominant hydrogeochemical processes in the hydrothermal evolution. The significant shift of D and 18O isotopes from the GMWL indicates that these springs have undergone subsurface boiling before rising to the surface. Different ratios of Cl to other conservation species can be found for the springs in Litang and Yidun areas, suggesting the different heat sources of the two hydrothermal systems. The reservoir temperature in the Yidun area is around 230°C while the reservoir temperature in the Litang area is around 200°C. Both hydrothermal systems are recharged by the meteoric water and are heated by the different deep, thermally and topographically driven convection heat along faults and undergoing subsurface boiling before going back to the surface.

Fluid Flow Modeling using Geochemistry to Characterize the Songwe Medium Temperature Geothermal System - Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitti Nur Asnin ◽  
Martha Nnko ◽  
Sadock Josephat ◽  
Albano Mahecha ◽  
Elisante Mshiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Flow Modeling ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Fluid Flow Modeling ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

&lt;p&gt;A geothermal area with only bicarbonate thermal water discharges at medium temperature requires a more integrated analysis than used in classical geochemical exploration. This signature is typical for steam-heated water, which commonly occurs at the margins of a geothermal system. However, these waters can also rise from carbonate rich layers in the central part of the field. Our study shows that fluid flow modeling can identify the exact source, flow pathways and temperatures of reservoir fluids based on water-rock interaction. For the first time, we present a conceptual geothermal fluid flow model based on geochemical data for the Songwe geothermal system in Tanzania.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thermal springs discharge along NW-SE fracture zones in two separate areas: the central Songwe graben (Iyola, Main springs, Rambo and Kaguri) and eastern Songwe graben (Ikumbi). The discharge temperatures of springs range between 37 and 85 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C with Na-HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; type, and carbonate deposits surrounding most of the springs. We estimated fluid temperatures for a depth of 2.5km by applying K-Mg and Na-K-Ca &lt;sub&gt;(Mg correction) &lt;/sub&gt;geothermometers, suggesting that reservoir fluids reach temperatures between 125 and 148 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C. We reconstructed reservoir fluid characteristics for that temperatures and propose oversaturated minerals (volcanics, clays, carbonates, apatites, weathered metamophics and hydrothermal minerals) as a model result of interaction between the deep fluids and certain lithologies. Comparison between the modeled oversaturated minerals with minerals in the springs (calcite, aragonite, analcime, muscovite, and smectite) suggests that Kaguri spring water is a result of interaction between deep reservoir fluids with all lithologies, passed on the way to the surface (Metamorphics, Karoo group and Red Sandstone). The fluid signature of Kaguri springs suggest an upflow zone of the geothermal system. Further, our model with oversaturated minerals shows that the thermal water from the reservoir flows laterally along the Red Sandstone layer to the eastern part of study area. It appears as Rambo springs, south of Kaguri springs, and as Main springs and Iyola to the west. The outflow zone might be continuing towards Ikumbi springs, where the fluids also interact with volcanic units. The proposed model shows that carbonate dissolution from the Red sandstone layer is the most common water-rock interaction. The carbonate is embedded in pores and fractures and occurs as matrix in the sandstone. The water-rock interaction is dominated by HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; and Na and seen in carbonate depositions at all springs.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Application of MT dan Gravity Method to Potential Analysis of Kepahiang Geothermal Bengkulu

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ahmad zarkasyi ◽  
Boko Nurdiyanto ◽  
yunus daud
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Cap Rock ◽  
Residual Heat

An analysis of geothermal potential in Kepahiang-Bengkulu area using gravity and MT measurements of PSDG has been done. The analysis was conducted on 286 gravity points and 37 MT points spread over the southern part of Mount Kaba to Babakan Bogor hot springs. Kepahiang geothermal system is related to the volcanic activity of Mount Kaba which is still preserving the residual heat from the magma. Based on the gravity residual anomaly, the structure that controls the emerging Sempiang hot springs is estimated to be Sempiang fault that in near north-south direction, while Babakan Bogor hot springs is estimated to be controlled by the Sumatra fault. The cap rocks scatter around Sempiang hot springs start from nearground surface with thickness of between 1500 meters to 2500 meters. Cap rock is a unit of Young Lava of Kaba with resistivity &lt; 10 Ohm-m and density is 2.2 gr/cm3. Geothermal reservoir is estimated to be located under the cap rocks scatter around Sempiang hot prings as indicated by values of 10-60 Ohm-m in resistivity and density is 2.4 gr/cm3. The top of reservoir is estimated to be 1500 meters below the ground surface, these rocks are volcanic products of Old Kaba in form of either lava or pyroclastic. Kepahiang geothermal prospect area scatters 19 km2 wide around Sempiang hot springs which is bound by contrast resistivity and fault. It has potential geothermal of 133 MWe with the assumption of reservoir temperature (geochemistry) is 2500C. Calculation of geothermal potential is included in the classification of expected reserves, as well as the extent and thickness of reservoir rock and fluid physical parameters are estimated based on data integrated geosciences detail depicted in the model tentatively.

scholarly journals Monfortinho Thermal Water-Based Creams: Effects on Skin Hydration, Psoriasis, and Eczema in Adults

Cosmetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Almeida ◽  
Ana Madeira ◽  
Joana Marto ◽  
Angélica Graça ◽  
Pedro Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
The Individual

The use of mineral water for therapeutic purposes has varied from century to century and from country to country. Its effectiveness depends on the individual experiences of the population and their cultural traditions. Usually, the waters recommended for dermatological treatment are hot springs that contain sulfur or more recently, silicon. The mechanisms by which mineral waters actuate in dermatological disorders are still not clear but it is believed that they involve thermal, mechanical, chemical, immunologic, and anti-oxidant reactions and enzymatic activity. The aim of this study is to characterize the thermal waters of Monfortinho, one of the oldest Portuguese spas, their potential use for the preparation of dermatological formulations (creams), and their effectiveness on the treatment of skin disorders (psoriasis and eczema). To accomplish this, cream formulations with different contents of thermal water were developed. The formulations were characterized in terms of thermal water analysis and physicochemical properties and their effects were studied by skin biometrics in adults (mean age of 54.3 years old) through skin hydration evaluation and evaluated in clinical studies on 22 patients with psoriasis and eczema. The results showed that all the formulations improved the skin hydration and have beneficial effects in relieving the symptoms of psoriasis and other disorders, but no significant differences were observed when thermal water was used (compared to laboratory ultra-pure water).

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